基于单-和双-三唑衍生物的三个Cu（Ⅱ）和Cu（Ⅰ）多金属氧簇基配合物的水热合成及光催化性能

在水热条件下,利用多齿的单-和双-三唑衍生物,制备了3种基于多金属氧簇基（POM）的Cu（Ⅱ）和Cu（Ⅰ）杂化材料,即{[Cu（L¹）₂（Mo₄O₁₃）]·2H₂O}_n（1）,{[Cu_1.5（L²）（HL₂）（H₂O）（Mo₄O₁₃）]·2H₂O}_n（2）,{[Cu₂（L₃）_1.5（Mo₄O₁₃）]·H₂O}_n（3）（L₁=4-pyridine-2-1,2,4-triazole,HL₂=3-（4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl）benzoic acid,L₃=trans-4,4''-azo-1,2,4-triazole）。通过单晶X射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱和粉末X射线衍射分析确定了它们的结构。在1中,Mo₄O₁₃^2-阴离子和Cu（Ⅱ）中心通过双齿L₁相互连接,最终形成了二维（2D）POMs基的Cu（Ⅱ）杂化金属-有机骨架。在2中,Mo₄O₁₃^2-阴离子和Cu（Ⅱ）中心通过桥接水原子（O18）,双齿HL₂和三齿L₂^-相互连接,最终形成了三维（3D）POMs基的Cu（Ⅱ）微孔金属-有机骨架。在3中,L₃配体桥接相邻的Cu（Ⅰ）中心和Mo₄O₁₃^2-阴离子,最终形成独特的双重穿插结构的3DPOMs基的Cu（Ⅰ）杂化配位框架。光催化实验研究表明,样品1~3对于不同有机染料罗丹明B（RhB）、亚甲基蓝（MB）和甲基橙（MO）都具有很好的光催化降解能力。     

两种1,2,3-三唑衍生物的配合物合成策略:晶体结构和表面分析

在不同反应条件下反应得到了两种1,2,3-三唑衍生物的配合物[Co（H₂O）₆][Co（L¹）₃]₂·4H₂O（1）和Cu（L²）₂（2）（HL¹=5-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylic acid;HL²=1-（4-iodophenyl）-5-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylic acid）。通过X射线单晶衍射和红外光谱确定了晶体结构,同时对配合物1和2进行了表面作用分析（Hirshfeld surface analysis）,在二维指纹图谱中可以清楚的看到配合物中的主要分子间作用。     

肟型Schiff碱Cu(Ⅱ)和Ni(Ⅱ)配合物的合成、晶体结构及光谱性质

合成了2个Schiff碱Cu（Ⅱ）/Ni（Ⅱ）配合物[Cu（L¹）₂]（1）和[Ni（L²）₂]（2）（HL¹=1-（4-（（（E）-3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxybenzylidene） amino） henyl） ethanoe O-benzyloxime,HL²=1-（4-（（（E）-4-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzylidene） amino） phenyl） ethanone O-benzyloxime）,并通过元素分析、红外光谱、紫外光谱及X射线单晶衍射分析进行了表征和分析。X射线结构表明：配合物1和2具有类似的结构,均由1个金属离子和2个配体单元组成。配合物1和2都是单斜晶系,但配合物1空间群为C2/c,而配合物2为P2₁/c。且中心金属Cu（Ⅱ）和Ni（Ⅱ）离子的空间构型均为四配位的扭曲的平面四边形结构。配合物1通过π…π和C-H…π作用形成3D超分子结构,而配合物2通过C-H…π作用形成2D超分子孔道结构。     

两个基于苯并咪唑席夫碱的镍(Ⅱ)配合物的合成、晶体结构和抑菌活性

在甲醇体系中,分别将苯并咪唑席夫碱HL¹和HL²与高氯酸镍进行配位反应得到2个结构类似的镍配合物[Ni（L¹）₂]·2H₂O（1）和[Ni（L²）₂]·2H₂O（2）（HL¹=N-（benzimidazol-2-ylethyl）-5-chlorosalicylideneimine,HL²=N-（Benzimidazol-2-ylethyl）-5-bromosalicyli-denei-mine）,并用元素分析、红外光谱、紫外-可见光谱和单晶X射线衍射对其结构进行了表征。结构分析表明：两个配合物均属于单斜晶系,C2/c空间群,Ni（Ⅱ）与来自2个席夫碱配体的4个氮原子和2个氧原子配位,形成八面体结构。配合物中的氢键将配合物1和配合物2分别连接成二维和三维网络结构。选取金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌作为菌种,研究了2个席夫碱配体和2个配合物的抑菌能力。     

维铜基配位聚合物的合成、结构和离子对其吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的影响

配位聚合物通常具有较大的比表面积和结构容易调控的特点,能有效地吸附去除水中的Cr(Ⅵ)。以4,4''-联吡啶（bipy）、1,3-间苯二乙腈（1,3-dab）、Cu （ClO₄）₂·6H₂O为原料,通过水热合成的方法成功合成了二维铜基配位聚合物：{[Cu （bipy）₄（1,3-dab）][Cu （bipy）₂（ClO₄）₂]（ClO₄）₂·（1,3-dab）}_n （1）。利用红外、X射线单晶衍射、元素分析、X射线光电子能谱等表征方法对1的结构进行测试分析。结果表明,1属于正交晶系P222₁空间群,a=1.115 52（5） nm,b=1.116 66（4） nm,c=3.116 84（15） nm,V=3.882 5（3） nm³。吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的性能研究表明,吸附剂1的最佳投料浓度为0.04 g·L^-1;在pH=3~9的范围内均具有较好的吸附性能和pH适应性,并且在pH=5时吸附性能最好,吸附容量能达到250 mg·g^-1。离子共存实验表明离子浓度越大、价态越高,它们对1吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的影响就越明显,并且阴离子的抑制作用高于金属阳离子,作用大小顺序： PO₄^3->SO₄^2->CO₃^2->Cl^->HCO₃^->NO₃^-。     

两个基于苯并咪唑席夫碱的镍(Ⅱ)配合物的合成、晶体结构和抑菌活性

在甲醇体系中,分别将苯并咪唑席夫碱HL¹和HL²与高氯酸镍进行配位反应得到2个结构类似的镍配合物[Ni（L¹）₂]·2H₂O（1）和[Ni（L²）₂]·2H₂O（2）（HL¹=N-（benzimidazol-2-ylethyl）-5-chlorosalicylideneimine,HL²=N-（Benzimidazol-2-ylethyl）-5-bromosalicyli-denei-mine）,并用元素分析、红外光谱、紫外-可见光谱和单晶X射线衍射对其结构进行了表征。结构分析表明：两个配合物均属于单斜晶系,C2/c空间群,Ni（Ⅱ）与来自2个席夫碱配体的4个氮原子和2个氧原子配位,形成八面体结构。配合物中的氢键将配合物1和配合物2分别连接成二维和三维网络结构。选取金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌作为菌种,研究了2个席夫碱配体和2个配合物的抑菌能力。     

二茂铁羧酸及含氮配体构筑的锌(II)和镉(II)配合物的合成、晶体结构及电化学性质

使Zn(OAc)₂·2H₂O或Cd(OAc)₂·2H₂O与邻羧基苯甲酰二茂铁钠(o-OOCC₆H₄COFcNa；Fc=(η⁵-C₅H₅)Fe(η⁵-C₅H₄))和1，10-邻菲咯啉(phen)在甲醇中反应，合成了含有混合配体的单核配合物[Zn(o-OOCC₆H₄COFc)₂(phen)(H₂O)]·CH₃OH (1)和双核配合物{[Cd(η²-o-OOCC₆H₄COFc)( μ₂-o-OOCC₆H₄COFc)(phen)]·CH₃OH₂·H₂O}₂ (2)。晶体结构表明：在1中，单核的结构单元通过分子间氢键形成了一维的长链结构；在2中，o-FcCOC₆H₄COO^-以及phen均双齿螯合中心Cd(II)离子，随后在o-FcCOC₆H₄COO^-的双齿桥联下，形成一个双核结构。研究了这2个配合物在DMF溶液中的电化学性能。     

基于5-(4-(2,6-二(2-吡嗪基)-4-吡啶基)苯氧基)间苯二甲酸的Mn(Ⅱ)和Ca(Ⅱ)配位聚合物的合成与晶体结构

采用对苯二甲酸为模板剂, 溶剂热法合成了2个以5-(4-(2, 6-二(2-吡嗪基)-4-吡啶基)苯氧基)间苯二甲酸(H₂L)为配体的金属-有机配位聚合物:{[MnL] ·0.5H₂O}_n (1), {[CaL(H₂O)₂]·H₂O}_n (2)。通过X-射线单晶衍射, 元素分析和红外光谱进行了结构表征。结构分析表明, 1具有(3, 3)-连接的不同手性型二维层面结构, 这些交替出现的单手性左旋型和右旋型二维平面通过配体的吡啶环与吡嗪环间π…π堆积作用构成了三维超分子结构;2是通过L^2-配体羧基桥连接相邻的Ca(Ⅱ)金属中心, 形成一条平行于b轴方向的一维链结构。研究了配位聚合物的热稳定性和2的荧光性质。     

基于5-(4-(2,6-二(2-吡啶基)-4-吡啶基)苯氧基)间苯二甲酸的Ni(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)配位聚合物的合成与晶体结构

用溶剂热法合成了2个以5-(4-(2,6-二(2-吡啶基)-4-吡啶基)苯氧基)间苯二甲酸(H₂L)为配体的金属-有机配位聚合物:{[NiL(H₂O)]·H₂O}_n(1),[CdL(phen)]_n(2)。通过X-射线单晶衍射,元素分析和红外光谱进行了结构表征。结构分析表明,在1中,L^2-配体的2个羧基氧原子桥连相邻的2个Ni(Ⅱ)离子,形成平行于a轴的一维链,链间则通过吡啶氮原子与金属离子连接,最终形成具有(4,4)-连接三维网络结构。在2中,Cd(Ⅱ)为七配位的单帽三棱柱几何构型,L^2-配体通过2个羧基和1个吡啶基与3个中心金属Cd(Ⅱ)相连,形成(3,3)-连接的二维层面结构,又通过面间的π…π堆积作用形成了3D超分子结构。测定了配位聚合物的热稳定性和2的荧光性质。     

Cu(Ⅱ)金属有机骨架中配位环境对类Fenton反应活性的影响

以一水合醋酸铜为铜源,以2,6-二（4''-吡啶基）-4-甲基苯胺（L）为桥联吡啶配体、间苯二甲酸（H₂IPA）为共配体分别合成了一维链状配位聚合物{[（Cu （OAc）₂）₂（L）]·3CH₃CN}_n（1,OAc^-=CH₃CO₂^-）和二维网状配位聚合物{[Cu （IPA）（L）（H₂O）]₂·H₂IPA·H₂O}_n（2）。通过二者的单晶结构分析可以看出,配合物1中的铜原子位于[CuNO₄]₂簇中的四面体配位环境中心,配合物2中的铜原子处于[CuNO₃]变形六面体配位环境的中心,不同的配位环境导致2个配合物具有差异化的光催化降解有机物的活性。通过以亚甲基蓝为底物的类Fenton光催化降解对比实验表明,含有Cu—N、Cu—O配位环境的配合物1的催化效果优于具有相同四面体构型配位环境的HKUST-1,且配合物1和2催化性能的对比也证明了开放性单核铜配位中心的光催化降解活性优于簇合物中的铜配位中心。得益于配体的稳定和框架结构的存在,与相同条件下无配体约束的醋酸铜盐的催化性能相比,2个配合物均具有更高的催化活性和可循环利用特性。通过UV-Vis光谱计算了二者的带隙,光催化降解前后的粉末X射线衍射及电感耦合等离子质谱证明了配合物的稳定性。通过添加自由基捕捉剂苯醌、叔丁醇和三乙醇胺,证实了该催化过程为羟基自由基过程的类Fenton反应机理。     

Determination of Cu(III) and Cu(II) + Cu(III) in superconducting copper ceramics

Summary Copper(III) and total copper in superconducting Y-Ba-Cu oxide and related compounds can be determinated by two successive iodimetric titrations after the sample has been dissolved under Ar in HCl/KI medium. First, the iodine equivalent to copper(III) ist titrated with Na₂S₂O₃ solution at pH 4.8, copper(II) being masked with EDTA. The total copper is then determined in the same solution by demasking with acid and iodide, followed by iodimetric titration. The method is both accurate and reproducible. The relative standard deviations for 1.074% copper(III) and 23.37% total copper are 0.8% and 0.3%, respectively.     

Structural snapshots of a flexible Cu2P2 core that accommodates the oxidation states Cu(I)Cu(I), Cu1.5Cu1.5, and Cu(II)Cu(II)

The phosphido-bridged dicopper(I) complex {(PPP)Cu}2 has been synthesized and structurally characterized ([PPP]- = bis(2-di-iso-propylphosphinophenyl)phosphide). Cyclic voltammetry of {(PPP)Cu}2 in THF shows fully reversible oxidations at -1.02 V (Cu1.5Cu1.5/CuICuI) and -0.423 V (CuIICuII/Cu1.5Cu1.5). Chemical oxidation of {(PPP)Cu}2 by one electron yields the class III mixed-valence species [{(PPP)Cu}2]+ (EPR, UV-vis). Structural data establish an unexpectedly large change (0.538 A) in the Cu...Cu distance upon oxidation state. Oxidation of {(PPP)Cu}2 by two electrons yields the dication [{(PPP)Cu}2]2+, an antiferromagnetically coupled dicopper(II) complex. Maintenance of a pseudotetrahedral geometry that is midway between a square plane and an ideal tetrahedron at the copper centers, along with a high degree of flexibility at the phosphide hinges, allows for efficient access to CuICuI, Cu1.5Cu1.5, and CuIICuII redox states without the need for ligand exchange, substitution, or redistribution processes.     

Structure and bonding of alkanethiols on Cu(111) and Cu(100)

The local structure of the sulfur atom of methanethiolate and ethanethiolate on the Cu(111) and Cu(100) surfaces was investigated from first principles employing the periodic supercell approach in the framework of density functional theory. On the 111 surface, we investigated the (square root 3 x square root 3)R30 degrees and (2 x 2) structures, whereas on the 100 surface, we investigated the p(2 x 2) and c(2 x 2) structures. The landscape of the potential energy surface on each metal surface presents distinctive features that explain the local adsorption structure of thiolates found experimentally. On the Cu(111) surface, the energy difference between the hollow and bridge sites is only 3 kcal/mol, and consequently, adsorption sites ranging from the hollow to the bridge site were observed for increasing surface coverages. On the Cu(100) surface, there is a large energy difference of 12 kcal/mol between the hollow and bridge sites, and therefore, only the 4-fold coordination was observed. The high stabilization of thiolates on the hollow site of Cu(100) may be the driving force for the pseudosquare reconstruction observed experimentally on Cu(111). Density of states analysis and density difference plots were employed to characterize the bonding on different surface sites. Upon interaction with the metal d bands, the pi* orbital of methanethiolate splits into several peaks. The two most prominent peaks are located on either edge of the metal d band. They correspond to bonding and antibonding S-Cu interactions. In the case of ethanethiolate, all the back-bonds are affected by the surface bonding, leading to alternating regions of depletion and accumulation of charge in the successive bonds.     

Hydroquinone-bridged dinuclear Cu(II) complexes and single-crystalline Cu(II) coordination polymers

Cationic dinuclear Cu(II) complexes 3 and 4 have been prepared using the novel hydroquinone-based imine chelators 2,5-((i)Pr(2)NCH(2)CH(2)N[double bond, length as m-dash]CH)(2)-1,4-(OH)(2)-C(6)H(2) (1) and 2,5-(pyCH(2)CH(2)N[double bond, length as m-dash]CH)(2)-1,4-(OH)(2)-C(6)H(2) (2), respectively (py = 2-pyridyl). X-Ray quality crystals of both complexes were grown from their DMF solutions. The sterically more encumbered compound crystallizes in the form of discrete dinuclear entities with Cu(II) centres in a distorted square-planar ligand environment (one coordination site is occupied by a DMF molecule). The pyridyl derivative 4 features dinuclear hydroquinone-bridged subunits similar to 3. However, the Cu(II) ions are now six-coordinate with two DMF molecules at an axial and an equatorial position of a Jahn-Teller-distorted octahedron. Moreover, the dinuclear subunits are no longer isolated but linked with each other via bridging hydroquinone oxygen atoms which occupy the second apical position of each octahedron. The structure suggests that the magnetic properties of the resulting coordination polymer of 4 could be described by a model valid for dimerized spin chains. As a result of this analysis the antiferromagnetic coupling constants J(1)/k(B) = 9.9 K (intradimer) and J(2)/k(B) = 0.9 K (interdimer) are obtained. Both in 3 and in 4, the hydroquinone --> semiquinone transition of the central bridging unit (E degrees ' = + 0.57 V, 3; E degrees ' = + 0.51 V, 4; DMF; vs. SCE) displays features of chemical reversibility. In the case of , reduction of Cu(II) centres requires a peak potential of E(p) = - 0.42 V.     

Cu(Ⅱ)-VO(Ⅱ),Cu(Ⅱ)-Cr(Ⅲ)和Cu(Ⅱ)-Fe(Ⅲ)异双核配合物的合成及表征

合成了三种二 ( 3 羧基水杨醛叉 )缩丙撑二胺 (TS)的Cu(Ⅱ ) VO(Ⅱ )、Cu(Ⅱ ) Cr(Ⅲ )、Cu(Ⅱ ) Fe(Ⅲ )异双核配合物 ,并用元素分析、摩尔电导、IR光谱、UV光谱室温磁矩对配合物的组成和结构进行了表征。磁性研究表明 ,在Cu(Ⅱ ) Fe(Ⅲ )离子间的磁相互作用是反铁磁性的 ,而Cu(Ⅱ ) VO(Ⅱ )、Cu(Ⅱ ) Cr(Ⅲ )离子间是铁磁性相互作用。     

Cu(I) and Cu(II) helical complexes formed with oligobipyridine ligand

A new asymmetric oligobipyridine ligand, 1- (5’-methyl-2, 2’-bipyridin-5-y1)-2- (6’-methyl-2, 2’-bipyridin-6-yl)ethane (L), in which the bipyridine units are bridged by CH₂CH₂ at 5,6’-position has been synthesized. The ligand L reacts with Cu(I) and Cu(I1) ions giving double-stranded helical complexes [Cu ₂ ¹ L₂](C10₄)₂.Et₂0 (1) and [Cu ₂ ^II L₂,(OH)(H₂0) ] [ClO₄]₃(2), respectively. Complexes 1 and 2 were characterized by X-ray diffraction analyses, ES-MS, ESR and cyclic voltammetry, etc. Differing from the oligobipyridine ligands bridged by CH₂CH₂ at 6,6’-or 5,5’-position, the ligand L not only forms a double-stranded helicate with Cu(1) ion, but also gives a double-stranded helicate with Cu(I1) ion. The results show that the linkage mode of the spacer group to the bipyridine units exerts a great impact on the formation of helix. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant NO. 29601003).     

Electrochemical detection of Cu(I) and Cu(II) in styrene media

A method is described to detect Cu(II) and Cu(I) added as bromide simultaneously in styrene solution containing tetrahexylammoniumperchloraat (THAP) as supporting electrolyte. It was found that Cu(II) and Cu(I) behave similarly in styrene and in aqueous solution. Reduction of Cu(II) and Cu(I) to metallic copper, as well as oxidation of Cu(I) to Cu(II) and the dissolution of a deposited metallic copper layer are observed. Ohmic drop problems were circumvented by adding THAP to the styrene solution and using ultramicro electrodes. The simultaneous detection of Cu(II) and Cu(I) is based on recording a cyclic voltammetric curve in a mixture of these compounds and calculating their concentration from the cathodic limiting current obtained at −0.80 V vs. RE and the anodic stripping peak corresponding to the dissolution of metallic copper. A detection limit of 2.0×10⁻⁴ mol l⁻¹ was obtained for both Cu(II) and Cu(I) and reproducible results were obtained concerning sensitivity and stability of the calibration curves.     

Assembly of cyano-bridged Cu(II)/Cu(II) and Cu(I)/Cu(II) compounds obtained by controlled ration of cyanide

One reaction system of Cu²⁺, dipn, and CN⁻ with two different molar ratio sets of 1:1:5, and 2:1:8 produced two compounds 1 [Cu^II(dipn)][Cu^II(CN)₄], and 2, respectively (dipn = dipropylenetriamine). Their structures were determined by X-ray crystallography. Compound 2 is built from Cu(I) and Cu(II) centers, which are bridged by cyanide groups and metal-metal bonds. The magnetic properties of 1 and 2 were investigated in 2-300 K. Compound 1 exhibits an antiferromagnetic exchange interaction between copper(II) ions mediated by cyano-bridges.     

Electrochemistry of the system Cu(II)Cu(I)Cu(0) in acidified thiocyanate solutions

The system Cu(II)Cu(I)Cu(0) in acidified thiocyanate medium was investigated at carbon, mercury, and copper amalgam electrodes using cyclic voltammetry, normal, differential and reverse pulse voltammetry, double potential step chronocoulometry, and exhaustive coulometry. Reduction of Cu(II) to Cu(I) on carbon electrodes proceeds quasireversibly. At moderate concentrations of Cu(II) and SCN^? the reduction of Cu(II) leads to three-dimensional precipitation of CuSCN which can be deposited at the electrode surface. At high concentration of SCN^? complexation dominates over precipitation and only soluble species are formed. At mercury and copper amalgam electrodes the situation is more complicated. The three- dimensional precipitation is preceded by strong thiocyanate-induced adsorption of Cu(I) which results in formation of a mono layer at potential well-separated from those where diffusing product is formed.     

Solid-state (63)Cu and (65)Cu NMR spectroscopy of inorganic and organometallic copper(I) complexes

Solid-state 63Cu and 65Cu NMR experiments have been conducted on a series of inorganic and organometallic copper(I) complexes possessing a variety of spherically asymmetric two-, three-, and four-coordinate Cu coordination environments. Variations in structure and symmetry, and corresponding changes in the electric field gradient (EFG) tensors, yield 63/65Cu quadrupolar coupling constants (CQ) ranging from 22.0 to 71.0 MHz for spherically asymmetric Cu sites. These large quadrupolar interactions result in spectra featuring quadrupolar-dominated central transition patterns with breadths ranging from 760 kHz to 6.7 MHz. Accordingly, Hahn-echo and/or QCPMG pulse sequences were applied in a frequency-stepped manner to rapidly acquire high S/N powder patterns. Significant copper chemical shielding anisotropies (CSAs) are also observed in some cases, ranging from 1000 to 1500 ppm. 31P CP/MAS NMR spectra for complexes featuring 63/65Cu-31P spin pairs exhibit residual dipolar coupling and are simulated to determine both the sign of CQ and the EFG tensor orientations relative to the Cu-P bond axes. X-ray crystallographic data and theoretical (Hartree-Fock and density functional theory) calculations of 63/65Cu EFG and CS tensors are utilized to examine the relationships between NMR interaction tensor parameters, the magnitudes and orientations of the principal components, and molecular structure and symmetry.