γ-Al2O3/SiO2纳米颗粒混合体系表面的酸碱性质及其对重金属离子的吸附行为

运用电位滴定技术研究了γ-Al2O3/SiO2纳米颗粒混合体系的表面酸碱性质;依据滴定数据及表面配位理论恒电容模式,利用WinSGW软件计算得出了γ-Al2O3/SiO2纳米颗粒混合体系表面的酸碱反应平衡常数:≡XOH+H+≡XOH2+(lgK1=5.06±0.05);≡XOH≡XO-+H+(lgK2=-8.45±0.10);在此基础上研究了不同pH条件下重金属离子Cu2+,Pb2+,Zn2+在γ-Al2O3/SiO2纳米颗粒混合体系表面的吸附行为,并用WinSGW软件模拟得出了Cu2+,Pb2+,Zn2+在该混合悬浮液体系中的表面配位常数:≡XOH+M2+≡XOM++H+[lgK=-2.20,-1.72,-2.90(M=Cu,Pb,Zn)].     

均三嗪衍生物应用于Fe3+和Cu2+的选择性识别研究

合成了2,4-二甲基-6-(4’-N,N-二甲氨基苯乙烯基)-1,3,5-均三嗪(1)和2-苯乙烯基-4,6-二甲基-1,3,5-均三嗪(2)两种化合物,并对其进行了1H NMR,MS,元素分析等表征.采用吸收光谱法研究了金属离子与化合物间的相互作用,结果显示:化合物1对Fe3+和Cu2+表现出高选择性光谱响应,其最大吸收波长由393 nm分别红移至525 nm和513 nm,溶液颜色由黄色变为粉红色.化合物1与Fe3+结合形成1∶1型配合物,其结合常数为1.8×104L mol-1;与Cu2+结合形成2∶1型配合物,其结合常数为2.6×1010L mol-1.化合物2仅对Fe3+呈现显著的光谱变化,其最大吸收波长由304nm红移至357 nm,而Cu2+的加入未引起光谱明显变化,2与Fe3+亦形成1∶1型配合物,结合常数为1.0×105L mol-1.结果表明Fe3+可能与化合物1和2中三嗪N配位,而Cu2+与化合物1中甲氨基中的N配位.同时考察了其它金属离子如Li+,K+,Mg2+,Ca2+,Co3+,Ni2+,Ag+,Cd2+,Hg2+和Zn2+等离子对化合物1和2吸收光谱的影响,结果显示两者光谱均无明显变化,据此提出了高选择性Fe3+,Cu2+的识别体系.     

掺杂铜的介孔SiO2微球的制备以及对亚甲基蓝的吸附

通过水热法在室温下合成了不同铜含量的介孔SiO2微球(Cu-MSM)。目的在于研究吸附剂量、MB的初始浓度以及吸附时间对Cu-MSM从溶液中移除亚甲基蓝(MB)吸附性能的影响。结果表明,当增加Cu-MSM的量时,MB的去除率会大大提高;掺杂铜的介孔SiO2微球可以通过吸附去除水溶液中的亚甲蓝。最后,简要探讨了亚甲基蓝的吸附机理。     

五元交互体系Li+,Na+,K+//CO32-,Cl--H2O在298.15K的相平衡研究

针对西藏扎布耶盐湖卤水组成,采用等温溶解平衡法研究了五元交互体系Li+,Na+,K+//CO32-,Cl--H2O于298.15K时的相平衡,并绘制了相图(空间立体图和Li2CO3饱和的投影图).结果表明,该五元体系相图含有7个结晶区、13条单变量线和4个无变量点.7个结晶区由6个单盐结晶区和1个复盐结晶区组成,分别为LiCl·H2O,NaCl,KCl,Li2CO3,K2CO3·3/2H2O,Na2CO3·10H2O和NaKCO3·6H2O,没有形成固溶体和天然碱(Na2CO3·NaHCO3·2H2O).4个无变量点标记成K1,K2,K3和K4,所对应的平衡固相盐分别是:Li2CO3+NaKCO3·6H2O+Na2CO3·10H2O+KCl,Li2CO3+NaKCO3·6H2O+K2CO3·3/2H2O+KCl,Li2CO3+NaCl+KCl+LiCl·H2O和Li2CO3+NaCl+Na2CO3·10H2O+KCl.     

改性固化单宁对稀土离子Pr3+,Nd3+吸附性能研究

以苎麻纤维为基础,通过甲醛交联固化杨梅单宁制备吸附材料(RF-BT),进一步经Mannich反应改性,引入-NH2,制备改性苎麻纤维接枝杨梅单宁吸附材料(RF-BTM)。通过IR和SEM等方法表征了两种材料的结构,并研究了两种材料对Pr3+,Nd3+稀土离子的吸附性能。实验结果表明:反应温度为303 K,p H为5.5,Pr3+溶液初始浓度为1127.2 mg·L-1,Nd3+溶液初始浓度为1153.6 mg·L-1时,RF-BT的最大吸附量为:Pr3+420.3 mg·g-1,Nd3+432.8 mg·g-1;RF-BTM的最大吸附量为:Pr3+461.7 mg·g-1,Nd3+477.8 mg·g-1;表现出优良的吸附性能,其吸附热力学符合Freundlich方程,动力学可用拟二级速率方程描述。     

Sr2MgSi2O7∶Tb3+，Li+荧光粉的合成和发光机理

采用高温固相法合成Sr2-mMg1-nSi2O7∶mTb3+,nLi+(m=0.03~0.50,n=m)系列荧光粉。使用X射线衍射仪和荧光光谱仪对样品的物相和发光性质进行了表征。在377 nm紫外光激发下,荧光粉的发射光谱呈多谱带发射,主峰位于490 nm,542 nm,590 nm和613 nm处,分别对应于Tb3+的5D4→7FJ(J=6,5,4,3)跃迁发射。调节Tb3+离子掺杂浓度,可实现荧光粉的发光颜色从蓝到白、黄、绿的可调发射;名义组成为Sr1.95Mg0.95Si2O7∶0.05Tb3+,0.05Li+的荧光粉在紫外光(377 nm)激发下发白光,其色坐标(0.322,0.317)接近纯白光(0.33,0.33),是一种潜在的LED用单基质白光荧光粉。     

α-Fe_2O_3,γ-Al_2O_3纳米粒子及其混合体系酸碱性质及对重金属离子的吸附行为

运用自动电位滴定技术分别研究了在纳米α-Fe2O3,γ-Al2O3单一体系及其混合体系中矿物表面的酸碱性质。依据表面配位理论恒电容模式,计算了相应的表面酸碱配位常数。实验和计算结果表明,按照等表面积原则混合α-Fe2O3、γ-Al2O3纳米粒子得到混合体系,其表面化学反应并非是单一体系的简单叠加,而是存在着不同矿物表面间复杂的交互作用。其表面酸碱性质和吸附重金属离子的行为可以用单表面模型拟合,混合体系表面反应平衡模式和相应的酸碱反应平衡常数分别为:≡XOH+H+≡XOH2+lgK1=4.04≡XOH≡XO-+H+lgK2=-9.20根据重金属离子Cu2+、Pb2+、Zn2+在α-Fe2O3/γ-Al2O3混合体系表面的吸附行为,计算得出Cu2+、Pb2+、Zn2+在混合体系固体表面的配位反应平衡常数如下:≡XOH+M2+≡XOM++H+lgK=-2.50、-2.25、-3.75(M=Cu、Pb、Zn)     

Ce3+,Tb3+,Eu3+共掺杂Sr2MgSi2O7体系的白色发光和能量传递机理

通过正交试验,采用高温固相法制备了Sr2-x-y-zMgSi2O7∶xCe3+,yTb3+,zEu3+系列样品.使用X射线衍射仪和荧光光谱仪表征了样品的物相和发光性质,并讨论了Ce3+-Tb3+-Eu3+共掺杂Sr2MgSi2O7体系中的能量传递过程.实验结果表明,在327 nm波长激发下,所合成荧光粉的发射峰主要位于387 nm(蓝紫)、542nm(绿)和611 nm(红)处;分别以387,542和611 nm为监控波长,所得激发光谱显示荧光粉在327 nm处有最好的激发.在327 nm光激发下,系列样品发光进入白光区.最优化的荧光粉为Sr1.91MgSi2O7∶0.01Ce3+,0.05Tb3+,0.03Eu3+,其色坐标为(0.337,0.313),是一种潜在的发光二极管(LED)用白色荧光粉.     

γ-Zn3（PO4）2:Mn2+,Ga3+的发光性质及能量传递

采用高温固相法合成了Mn2+单掺杂及Mn2+,Ga3+共掺杂的γ-Zn3(PO4)2。γ-Zn3(PO4)2:Mn2+的发射峰位于620 nm,而γ-Zn3(PO4)2:Mn2+,Ga3+发射光谱有两个发射峰,其中一个发射峰位于507 nm,另一个发射峰位于620 nm。507 nm的发射峰来自于处于四面体晶体场中Mn2+(CN=4)的4T1g-6A1g能级跃迁,而620 nm的发射峰来自于处于八面体晶体场中Mn2+(CN=6)的激发态4T1g-6A1g的能级跃迁。在Mn2+,Ga3+共掺杂的样品中,八面体场中Mn2+的激发光谱与四面体场中Mn2+的发射光谱有显著的光谱重叠,满足共振能量传递条件,从而发生了Mn2+(CN=4)向Mn2+(CN=6)的能量传递,对此进行了证明及讨论。此外,Mn2+离子在四面体场及八面体场中的浓度分布随着Ga3+离子的掺入量而发生变化。Ga3+离子对Mn2+在四面体场与八面体场浓度比值起到调节作用。随着Mn2+离子和Ga3+离子浓度的增加,发射光谱中绿光强度与红光强度比值也逐渐增加。最终,发射光谱中绿光强度与红光强度的相对比值是由Mn2+离子浓度、Ga3+离子浓度及Mn2+(CN=4)向Mn2+(CN=6)的能量传递3个因素决定的。     

氧化铜/二氧化硅多孔复合材料的制备及其对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能

采用聚乙二醇（PEG）为模板,通过溶胶凝胶法-水热法制备出CuO/SiO2多孔复合材料,使用FTIR、HRTEM、XRD和BET等技术手段对目标产物进行了表征;研究添加CuO质量及反应温度等反应条件对复合材料的孔结构特征的影响。 用目标产物作为吸附材料,研究了其对有机染料亚甲基蓝的吸附性能,结果表明,CuO/SiO2多孔复合材料对亚甲基蓝具有良好的吸附效果,尤其是含CuO质量分数为15%的样品在用量0.015 g、体系pH=9、搅拌时间为2 h的条件下,对10 mL亚甲基蓝（4 mg/L）的去除率最高可达97.17％。 对吸附的过程和机理进行了初步探讨。     

双核mn2+配合物的合成、结构及表面光电性能

双核锰配合物;氢键;表面光电性能;表面光电压光谱     

Surface catalyzed reaction of Hg + Cl2

An investigation of the reaction of mercury atoms with molecular chlorine was performed in heated reaction vessels constructed of Inconel, quartz, stainless steel and Teflon-coated stainless steel. The reaction was shown to proceed as a surface catalyzed reaction stoichiometrically producing (HgCl₂)_n.     

Viscosity of the systems m-xylene, +1-propanol, +2-propanol, +1-butanol, +t-butanol

Viscosities, η, of the systems, m-xylene, +1-propanol, +2-propanol, +1-butanol and +t-butanol have been measured for the whole range of composition at 303.15, 308.15, 313.15, 318.15 and 323.15?K. The variation of viscosities has been plotted against mole fraction of alkanols. Viscosities have been found to increase slowly up to a considerable concentration of alkanols, followed by a rapid rise of viscosities at higher concentrations. The slow rise of viscosity is attributed to dissociation of alkanols in m-xylene, while the rapid rise of viscosity is ascribed to self-association of alkanols. Excess viscosities, η^E, have been plotted as a function of mole fraction of alkanols. The curves show negative values for the whole range of composition, with minima occurring in alkanol-rich region.?η?and η^E have been fitted to appropriate polynomial equations. The study shows the effect of branching and chain length of alkanols on?η?and η^E.     

氮离子注入表面改性PBO薄膜及其性能

利用70keV能量的氮离子对聚苯并二噁唑(PBO)薄膜进行常温下离子注入表面改性,注入剂量(每平方厘米注入的氮离子数)从1×10~(15)N~+/cm~2到5×10~(16)N~+/cm~2。采用红外(FTIR)、拉曼(Raman)、光电子能谱(XPS)及原子力显微镜(AFM)对其表面结构、组成及形貌进行了表征。研究了氮离子注入剂量对PBO薄膜表面结构与性能的影响。结果表明:注入氮离子后,薄膜表面发生化学键的断裂和交联,近表面区域发生碳化。随氮离子注入剂量的增加,表面粗糙度增加,表面接触角从93°降低到60°,表面润湿性提高了35%,电导率提高到5.7×10~(-9)S/cm,比纯PBO薄膜增加了3个数量级。     

Development of BCPDA-Eu3+-BAS Labeled Hepatitis B Surface Antibodies

The effect of the chelating agent 4,7-bis(chlorosulfophenyl)-1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-dicarboxylic acid (BCPDA) labeled hepatitis B surface antibodies(HBsAb) on time-resolved fluoroimmunoassays(TRFIA) was investigated. The labeling detection method was established. The biotin-streptavidin(BAS) system was introduced, and the multi-stage amplification effect of the BAS system was analyzed. It is found that the BCPDA-Eu³⁺-HBsAb-BAS fluorescent marker can emit strong fluorescence. Compared to BCPDA-Eu³⁺-HBsAb, BCPDA-Eu³⁺-HBsAb-BAS demonstrates an enhanced fluorescence intensity by over 10 times. This study provides a guidance for the next gene- ration non-radio immunoassays in clinical diagnosis.     

O+HCNO反应势能面的理论研究

采用CCSD(T)/6-311G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-311G(d,p)+ZPVE方法对反应O＋HCNO进行了研究. 通过反应势能面揭示了该反应的机理, 通过H或O迁移等多步反应路径得到3种产物, 其中, P1(HCO+NO)为主要产物, P2(HNO+CO)和P3(NCO+OH)为次要产物. 为进一步实验研究提供了参考.     

Untypical Surface Properties of the System Caprylic Acid + n-Propyl Acetate

The surface tensions of nonaqueous solutions of n-propyl acetate in caprylic (n-octanoic) acid were measured between 273 and 303 K using the Wilhelmy plate method. Complicated concentration dependences were obtained, different from any previously reported. In addition, independent volumetric and acoustic (sound velocity and absorption) methods were applied. The results are interpreted in terms of formation of weak complexes in the bulk as well as at the surface.     

Determination of excess volumes in 1,2-dichloroethane + benzene, + toluene, + p-xylene, + cyclohexane,and + methylcyclohexane with a vibrating-tube densimeter

Densities of mixtures of 1,2-dichloroethane + benzene, + toluene, + p-xylene, + cyclohexane, and + methylcyclohexane were measured at 298.15 K over the whole concentration range by means of a vibrating-tube densimeter. Molar excess volumes were calculated from the results and compared to values obtained by interpolation or extrapolation of literature data.     

Excess Molar Volume of 1-propanol+Aniline, +N-methylaniline, +N,N-dimethylaniline

Abstract

Densities of the systems, 1-Propanol(P)+aniline(A), 1-Propanol(P)+N-Methylaniline (NMA) and 1-Propanol(P)+N,N-Dimethylaniline(DMA) have been measured from 21°C to 50°C at an interval of 5°C. The excess molar volumes, V ^E, of the systems, P+A and P +NMA have been found to be negative for the whole range of composition. V^E of the system P+DMA has also been found to be negative, except in DMA-rich region where small positive excess volume is observed. The negative excess volume has been explained primarily in terms of strong specific interaction and size difference of unlike molecules. The magnitude of the negative excess volumes of these systems is of the order, P+A > P + NMA > P + DMA, which has been strongly influenced by steric effect due to CH₃ group attached to N-atom of NMA and DMA. In the highly rich region of DMA in P+DMA system the small positive excess volume is accounted for by the steric effect and breaking up of H-bond of 1-Propanol.     

Excess volumes for trichloroethene + benzene, + toluene, + p-xylene, + tetrachloromethane,and + trichloromethane at 303.15 K

Excess volumes V^E for trichloroethene (CCl₂CHCl) + benzene, + toluene, + p-xylene, + tetrachloromethane, and + trichloromethane have been measured at 303.15 K, by direct dilatometry. V^E has been found to be positive for trichloroethene + benzene, and + trichloromethane, and negative for trichloroethene + toluene, and + p-xylene. For trichloroethene + tetrachloromethane V^E is positive at low mole fractions of C₂HCl₃ and negative at high mole fractions.