乙酸乙酯与饱和碳酸钠溶液相互作用的探究

理论计算乙酸乙酯与碳酸钠溶液作用的反应限度,设计实验并证实乙酸乙酯与碳酸钠溶液可以反应得到乙酸钠和碳酸氢钠。通过对乙酸乙酯碱性水解机理的解读、讨论、分析,发现该反应速率极小,是因为碳酸钠溶液的强极性,导致乙酸乙酯与碳酸钠溶液相互作用的接触面积显著减小所致。     

基于“四重表征”与“手持技术”教学模式的实践研究——以“盐酸滴定碳酸氢钠和碳酸钠的pH变化”为例

通过手持技术分别测定盐酸滴定碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠过程的pH变化曲线,以此为基础融合四重表征理论实施有效教学。从学生对滴定知识的掌握程度、三维目标达成程度、四重表征思维状况、教学方法5个方面进行调查,比较"四重表征"与"手持技术"整合的教学模式与传统教学模式实施的效果。     

碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠跟盐酸反应实验的改进

取碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠粉末各0.5克（对所用盐酸来说是过量的）,用纸条分别送入到两个100毫升注射器针筒的底部,固体粉末不要沾在针筒壁上,以免产生阻力,使针栓受阻不能外移,造成实验失败。     

碳酸氢钠溶液稳定性的探究*

绘制了溶液pH与碳酸氢钠分解率的标准曲线。分别测定了室温放置和沸水浴2种情况下溶液中碳酸氢钠的分解率,利用热力学数据计算了溶液中碳酸氢钠的最大分解率。指出保存碳酸氢钠溶液时容器必须密封且尽可能盛满溶液;除去碳酸钠溶液中的碳酸氢钠不宜采用加热方法。     

利用高吸水树脂优化3个中学化学实验*

尝试利用高吸水树脂对“酸碱中和反应、碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠分别与稀盐酸反应、探究分子运动现象”这3个实验进行创新改进,充分利用了高吸水树脂特殊的结构作用,使3个实验的现象更加显著。改进实验操作简便,高效简洁,值得推广到一线化学课堂的演示实验或学生分组实验。     

铝和碳酸钠溶液反应的探讨

通过实验观察到铝和碳酸钠溶液可以反应并冒出气泡,为此,设计了几组对比实验并进行了理论分析。发现常温下,铝与浓度在6.5×10-6 mol/L以上的碳酸钠溶液（pH ≥ 8.8）是可以反应的,而且生成四羟基合铝酸钠、碳酸氢钠和氢气。     

钴(Ⅱ)盐鉴别可溶性碳酸盐溶液实验的设计与研究*

为拓展钴(Ⅱ)盐的用途,利用钴(Ⅱ)盐在碱液中的多样性和可溶性碳酸盐溶液组分含量的差异性,采用分别向2种无色可溶性碳酸盐溶液中滴加钴盐溶液的措施,建立了钴(Ⅱ)盐鉴别碳酸钠溶液和碳酸氢钠溶液的有效方法。实验结果表明,反应后碳酸钠溶液呈清晰的蓝色浑浊或沉淀,而碳酸氢钠溶液则呈清晰的紫红色浑浊或沉淀。该方法现象明显、安全可靠、重现性好、成功率高、适用性强、应用面广,可应用于食品、药品检测,食品质量与安全,医药健康,化学化工等技术领域,也可用作课堂演示实验。     

使用碳酸钠-碳酸氢钠淋洗液体系时阴离子保留值预测模型的改进

 对几年前建立的使用碳酸钠 碳酸氢钠淋洗液体系时阴离子保留值预测模型进行了改进 ,改进了的预测模型能适用于更宽的碳酸钠 碳酸氢钠浓度变化范围。通过实验测得使用不同浓度的碳酸钠 碳酸氢钠作为淋洗液时硝酸根、硫酸根、磷酸根、砷酸根、草酸根、硒酸根、碘离子等 7种阴离子的保留因子数据 ,对数据进行了二元线性回归处理 ,在较宽的淋洗液浓度范围内 ,硝酸根、硫酸根、草酸根、硒酸根、碘离子的保留因子和碳酸钠 碳酸氢钠浓度的相关系数都在 0 999以上 ,磷酸根、砷酸根的保留因子和碳酸钠 碳酸氢钠浓度的相关系数分别为 0 9971和0 995 7。     

用氯化钙或氯化钡鉴别碳酸钠与碳酸氢钠溶液的再认识

能否用氯化钙或氯化钡鉴别碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠的看法众说纷纭,通过手持技术设计实验与理论推导相结合的方法探讨此长期纠结的问题,最终得出在常量范围内可用氯化钙和氯化钡2种氯化物来鉴别碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠的结论。     

基于POE教学策略和比较思维的教学——以“碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠的性质”为例

以POE教学策略组织教学,尝试用比较思维方法学习碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠的性质,并设计多组实验比较碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠的结构、性质等,以期学生学会用比较思维和化学科学研究的一般步骤。     

Die Kristallstruktur des W3CoB3 und der dazu isotypen Phasen Mo3CoB3, Mo3NiB3 und W3NiB3

Zusammenfassung Mo₃CoB₃, Mo₃NiB₃, W₃CoB₃ und W₃NiB₃ kristallisieren in einem eigenen Typ (W₃CoB₃-Struktur). Das trigonal prismatische Bauelement [T ₆B]^* ist zu Ketten vereinigt, wobei B₃-Gruppen entstehen. Die Phasen sind vermutlich Bor-reicher als obiger Formel entspricht.

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The crystal structure of W₃CoB₃ and the isotypic phases Mo₃CoB₃, Mo₃NiB₃, and W₃NiB₃

Mo₃CoB₃, Mo₃NiB₃, W₃CoB₃, and W₃NiB₃ were found to possess a new type of crystal structure (W₃CoB₃-structure type). Trigonal prismatic groups [T ₆B]^* are linked together forming chains in such a way that B₃-groups occur. These borides do probably exist with a larger amount of boron as to compared with the formula.

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Mit 2 Abbildungen     

γ-Nitro-γ-butyrolacton

γ-Nitro-γ-butyrolactone By oxidation of 3-(1-nitro-2-oxocyclohexyl)propanal ( 1 ) with KMnO₄, besides 3-(1′-nitro-2′-oxocyclohexyl)pripionic acid ( 2 ), the complete hydrolysis product 4-oxononanedioic acid ( 4 ) and the oxidized semi-hydrolysis product 5-(2-nitro-5-oxotetrahydro-2-furyl)pentanoic acid ( 3 ) were formed. The crystalline 3 decomposes at r.t. forming 4 and nitrous gases; its structure was established by X-ray determination.     

Synthesis of γγγ-trifluorocarbonyl compounds

γγγ-Trifluorocarbonyl compounds are easily obtained in a good yield by introduction of the 1,1,1-trifluoroethyl moiety (CF₃-CH₂-) on the -methylene group of a ketone.     

3x-pyrrolizin-3-ones

Condensation of pyrrole-2-dithiocarboxylates with CH acids containing ester groups, in the KOH-DMSO system, was used to prepare previously unknown 1-alkylthio-3H pyrrolizin-3-ones. The latter, treated with secondary amines, are readily converted to the corresponding 1-amino derivatives.     

3-H-pyrrolizin-3-ones

Previously unknown 1-alkylthio-3H-pyrrolizin-3-ones have been obtained by the condensation of pyrrole-2-dithiocarboxylates with CH acids containing ester groupings in the KOH-DMSO system. On treating the products with secondary amines they are readily converted into the corresponding 1-amino derivatives.Irkutsk Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk 664033. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 7, pp. 919–924, July, 1996. Original article submitted May 2, 1996.     

Freezing the polarization of CH3NH3PbI3 and CH3NH3PbI3-xClx perovskite films

Thin films of methylammonium lead halides, CH₃NH₃PbI₃ and CH₃NH₃PbI_3-xCl_x, were deposited onto symmetrical microstructured electrode arrays of gold or platinum on Si/SiO₂ wafers. Polarization studies were carried out on perovskite films under vacuum in the dark. For poling, a constant voltage was applied to the samples while the temperature was cycled between 295 K and 4 K. The measured current densities depending on the temperature showed distinct characteristics relating strongly to the crystal phase and the dielectric properties of the perovskite films. Voltage sweeps were carried out at different scan rates at specific temperature intervals after poling. The polarization of the films due to the migration of iodide vacancies in direction of the blocking perovskite/metal interface was frozen almost up to room temperature. Charge carriers were only able to cross the blocking barrier and contribute to the current where the ions have accumulated during poling. All J-V curves showed hysteresis: inverted and regular hysteresis at room temperature and below, respectively. Inverted hysteresis originates from the slow accumulation of ions at the blocking barrier, while regular hysteresis arises from a distortion in the adjacent crystals which will be discussed.     

Synthesis of some derivatives of 3-amino-3-desoxyerythrose and 3-amino-3-desoxy-D-3-erythrose

The synthesis of derivatives of 3-amino-3-deoxy-L-erythrose by LAH or LAD reduction of the oxime of 1,2-O-isopropylidene α-L -glycero-tetros-3-ulofuranose is described.     

K3BiSe3, Rb3BiSe3 und Cs3BiSe3 – Substitutionsvarianten des Th3P4-Typs

K₃BiSe₃, Rb₃BiSe₃, and Cs₃BiSe₃ – Derivatives of the Th₃P₄ Structure Type The compounds K₃BiSe₃, Rb₃BiSe₃, and Cs₃BiSe₃ were synthesized by heating mixtures of Bi₂O₃ and the respective alkalicarbonate in a stream of hydrogen saturated by selenium at 850°C. Thin crystals of the compounds appear red in transmitted light. They crystallize isostructural with Na₃AsS₃, space group P2₁3, lattice constants a = 9.771(5) Å, a = 10.161(3) Å, and a = 10.587(5) Å for K₃BiSe₃, Rb₃BiSe₃, and Cs₃BiSe₃, respectively. The Na₃AsS₃ structure type is a derivative of the Th₃P₄ structure type.