K7[Mn(H2O)CrW11O39]/PANI/SnO2三元复合材料的合成、表征及光催化性能研究

本文采用静电自组装法成功制备了三元复合材料K₈[Mn(H₂O)CrW₁₁O₃₉]/PANI/SnO₂,并使用UV-vis、XRD、XPS、FT-IR、SEM-EDS和N₂吸附-脱附等手段对其进行表征。并且通过光催化降解刚果红染料的实验,确定了反应的最佳条件为:刚果红溶液的初始浓度为10 mg·L^-1,初始pH值为2,催化剂用量为0.002 g时,溶液脱色率可达98.1%。重复回收三次后,溶液脱色率仍达到88.1%。     

V2O5-Sb2O3-TiO2催化剂 低温NH3还原NO及其抗H2O和SO2毒化性能

浸渍法制备了催化剂V₂O₅-Sb₂O₃-TiO₂,考察了V₂O₅、Sb₂O₃负载量、pH值和焙烧温度对催化剂V₂O₅- Sb₂O₃-TiO₂低温氨选择性催化还原(SCR)NO活性的影响;同时,考察了催化剂V₂O₅-Sb₂O₃-TiO₂抗H₂O和SO₂毒化性能。结果表明,V₂O₅和Sb₂O₃负载量分别为5%和2%、焙烧温度为400℃、pH值为4时,催化剂SCR活性最好,反应温度220℃时,可达97%。Sb₂O₃的加入不仅能增强V₂O₅/TiO₂的催化活性,而且能明显提高催化剂的抗H₂O和SO₂毒化性能。SO₂、NO吸附暂态反应和TG-DTG测试表明,Sb₂O₃的促进机制主要是促进了催化剂在SO₂存在条件下对NO的吸附,同时,减弱了硫酸铵盐与催化剂之间的相互作用,硫酸铵盐更容易分解。     

三元复合材料K8[Fe（H2O）W11MnO39]/PANI/TiO2的制备及光催化性能

采用静电自组装法制备出三元复合材料K8[Fe（H2O）W（11）MnO（39）]/PANI/TiO2.采用IR,UV,XRD,SEM,XPS和N2吸附-脱附的表征手段对K8[Fe（H2O）W（11）MnO（39）]/PANI/TiO2进行表征,并以龙胆紫为模型,在紫外光照射下,考察了K8[Fe（H2O）W（11）MnO（39）]/PANI/TiO2对龙胆紫染料的光催化性能,确定光催化最佳条件：龙胆紫溶液浓度为5mg/L,pH=3,K8[Fe（H2O）W11MnO39]/PANI/TiO2的用量为10mg,脱色率可达92.93%.     

γ-Al2O3对SCR脱硝催化剂V2O5-WO3/TiO2的改性研究

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了不同γ-Al₂O₃含量的钛铝复合载体,以此为载体采用浸渍法负载V₂O₅和WO₃制备了一系列催化剂。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、比表面积测定(BET)、程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)、高分辨率透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)等表征技术对催化剂表面形态进行分析,同时在模拟氨气选择性催化还原NO(NH₃-SCR)的反应条件下,对催化剂的脱硝反应活性和SO₂抗中毒进行考察。结果发现,TiO₂和γ-Al₂O₃之间的协同作用使得V₂O₅-WO₃/TiO₂-γ-Al₂O₃催化剂的脱硝效率及活性窗口明显优于单一载体制备的催化剂,表现出了良好的热稳定性和抗SO₂毒化能力,特别是V₂O₅-WO₃/TiO₂-15% γ-Al₂O₃在310~460 ℃,NO的转化率均在80%以上,反应窗口最宽。各种表征结果表明,TiO₂-γ-Al₂O₃复合载体中γ-Al₂O₃高度分散在TiO₂上,复合载体具有较大的比表面积,同时具有较强的还原能力。     

Catalytic effect of lucunary heteropolyanion containing molybdenum and tungsten atoms on decolorization of direct blue 71

In this research,a lucunary Keggin structure,[PMo₂W₉O₃₉]^7- was selected as an efficient homogenous catalyst for degradation of an azo dye（direct blue 71） and a simple method was developed for degradation of DB71.The method is based on the oxidation of azo dye in the presence of a lucunary Keggin form of polyoxometalates,K₇[PMo₂W₉O₃₉]? 19H₂O,as a homogenous catalyst at room temperature.The reaction is monitored spectrophotometrically by measuring the absorbance of dye atλ=585 nm.Some parameters including concentration of catalyst,concentration of H₂O₂,pH and reaction time were investigated and optimized. Results show that K₇[PMo₂W₉O₃₉]? 19H₂O is more efficient in the presence of hydrogen peroxide.Degradation of dye in the presence of the catalyst and H₂O₂ could lead to the disappearance approximately 65%of dye after 60 min.But degradation for the same experiment performed in the absence of catalyst or in the absence of H₂O₂ was 22%or 5%respectively.Approximately 87% azo dyes has been eliminated after 90 min in the presence of catalyst,H₂O₂ and optimize conditions(0.6 g/L of K₇[PMo_2- W₉O₃₉H₉H₂O,0.08 mol/L hydrogen peroxide and room temperature).     

一步水热合成Y-Co3O4复合氧化物催化剂及催化分解N2O

用一步水热、分步水热、浸渍等方法分别制备Y-Co₃O₄复合氧化物,用于催化分解N₂O的反应,其中,一步水热法制备的催化剂活性较高。再用一步水热法制备了不同Y/Co物质的量比的Y-Co₃O₄复合氧化物,在优化出的催化剂（0.03Y-Co₃O₄）表面浸渍K₂CO₃溶液,制备K改性催化剂（0.02K/0.03Y-Co₃O₄）。用X射线衍射（XRD）、N₂物理吸附、H₂程序升温还原（H₂-TPR）、O₂程序升温脱附（O₂-TPD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线光电子谱（XPS）等技术表征催化剂结构。研究发现,Co₃O₄和Y-Co₃O₄同为尖晶石结构,但Y-Co₃O₄的催化活性显著高于Co₃O₄。K改性增加了催化剂表面的活性位（Co²⁺）,还有利于吸附氧的脱除,从而提高了催化剂活性。在无氧无水、有氧无水、有氧有水气氛中,K改性催化剂上的N₂O全分解温度分别为325、350、375 ℃,催化剂活性较高。有氧有水气氛350 ℃连续反应50 h,K改性催化剂上N₂O分解率保持90%以上,稳定性较高。研究发现,Y-Co₃O₄及K改性催化剂上N₂O分解反应的E_a和lnA之间存在动力学补偿效应。     

Co/Fe/Al2O3/cordierite催化C3H6选择性还原NO的实验研究

采用溶胶凝胶法和浸渍法制备了负载于蜂窝陶瓷上的Co/Fe/Al₂O₃/cordierite催化剂,在陶瓷管流动反应器上对其催化C₃H₆选择性还原NO的性能进行了测试。结果表明,该催化剂表现出最优脱硝性能,在模拟烟气条件下,当反应温度为550 ℃时可实现97%的脱硝效率。Co的引入可显著增强Fe/Al₂O₃/cordierite催化剂抗SO₂和H₂O的能力。在模拟烟气中同时引入0.02% SO₂和3% H₂O后,1.5Co/Fe/Al₂O₃/cordierite的脱硝性能受影响甚微,当反应温度高于500 ℃时1.5Co/Fe/Al₂O₃/cordierite催化C₃H₆还原NO的效率均可达到90%以上;相比之下,未经Co修饰的催化剂Fe/Al₂O₃/cordierite脱硝性能受到了严重的抑制,在整个反应温度区间（200-700 ℃）内,其催化C₃H₆还原NO的效率最高不足50%。XRD和SEM表征结果表明,经过适量的Co修饰后的1.5Co/Fe/Al₂O₃/cordierite表面变得更疏松,且形成了以钴铁和钴铝双金属氧化物为主要成分的球状晶粒。H₂-TPR结果表明,相比于Fe/Al₂O₃/cordierite,1.5Co/Fe/Al₂O₃/cordierite有更好的低温还原性能。Py-FTIR结果表明,Co的引入可使催化剂表面的Lewis酸明显增加,且生成了Brønsted酸。N₂吸附-脱附表征结果表明,Co可增大催化剂的比表面积。     

H2O对Cu+/S2O82-/γ-Al2O3催化剂合成碳酸二甲酯性能的影响

反应温度120℃、压力3.0 MPa的条件下,考察了H₂O对浆态床DMC合成催化剂Cu⁺/S₂O₈^2-/γ-Al₂O₃活性的影响。结果表明,外界H₂O的引入加剧了催化剂的失活速率。对引入H₂O后回收催化剂进行了元素分析、XRD、DTG、Py-FT-IR和NH₃-TPD等表征,结果表明,H₂O的引入加速了催化剂中活性组分Cu的流失速率,生成更多没有催化甲醇氧化羰基化活性的Cu₂(OH)₃Cl晶体,加剧了催化剂的失活。     

Pr掺杂对V2O5-MoO3/TiO2催化剂NH3-SCR反应活性的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同Pr掺杂量的Pr₆O₁₁-TiO₂载体, 并以浸渍法制备了V₂O₅-MoO₃/Pr₆O₁₁-TiO₂催化剂. 活性评价结果表明, 该催化剂在220~400 ℃范围内具有良好的脱硝效率和N₂选择性以及较强的抗SO₂和H₂O性能. 表征结果表明, 掺杂Pr可以提高V₂O₅-MoO₃/TiO₂催化剂的比表面积、 表面化学吸附氧物种浓度、 桥式硝酸盐物种和Brönsted酸位数量, 从而提高了催化剂上NO_x的选择性催化还原(NH₃-SCR)活性.     

负载型V2O5-WO3/TiO2催化剂的砷中毒研究

在实验室模拟了负载型V₂O₅-WO₃/TiO₂催化剂砷的中毒。采用催化剂活性测试,NH₃-TPD、H₂-TPR、XPS技术表征催化剂中毒特性。实验表明,砷中毒使催化剂活性降低明显。NH₃-TPD、H₂-TPR、XPS表征结果表明,As中毒使催化剂表面酸性降低,催化剂中W、Ti化学形态不受砷中毒的影响,而砷中毒改变了催化剂表面钒的化学形态,认为酸性降低和钒化学形态的改变引起了催化剂的中毒。     

Structural Characterizations of Spherical Octadecavanadates Encapsulating Na+, K+ or I- and Ellipsoidal Octadecamolybdate Encapsulating two Anions of SO42-

Polyoxoanions of tungsten, molybdenum, and vanadium have been the subject of interest since their wide variety of compositions, structures, and properties give rise to numerous important applications^[1]. From the NH₄VO₃/Na₂S_x (or (NH₄)₂S_x) reaction system we synthesized several spherical octadecavanadates with Na⁺,K⁺, NH₄⁺ or I encapsulated using hydrothermal method. These complexes include (NH₄)₁₁[V₁₈O₄₂(Na)]·(H₂O)₂₀ 1; (NH₄)₁₁[V₁₈O₄₂(K)]·(H₂O)₆, 2; (NH₄)₁₀(Na)[V₁₈O₄₂(Na)]·(H₂O)₂₆, 3; (NH₄)₁₁[V₁₈O₄₂(NH4]·(H₂O)₂₀, 4; and (NH₄)₂₀(I)₇[V₁₈O₄₂(I)]·(H₂O)₁₂, 5, in which the structures of 1, 2, 3, and 5 have been determined by X-ray analyses. In the analogous reaction system of (NH₄)₂MoS₄/(NH₄)₂S_x, we also obtained one ellipsoidal octadecamolybdate, (NH₄)₄[Mo₁₈O₅₄(2SO₄)]·(H₂O)₄, 6 with a standard Wells-Dawson structure^[2]. The Ortep drawings of the two kinds of structures are viewed as follows.     

Preparation and Characterization of Heteropoly-complex K_11[La(GaW_11O_39H_2)_2]· xH_2O

Heteropoly complexes K11[Ln(CaW 11O39H2)21 · x H2O(Ln=La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy ) have been prepared and analysed. Some properties such as thermal behavior, IK and UV spectra, X-ray powder diffraction, magnetic susceptibility and X-ray photoelectron spectrum have been investigated.     

The first tetranuclear vanadium(V) peroxo complex: Preparation, vibrational spectra and X-ray crystal structure of K6[V4O4(O2)8(PO4)]·9H2O

The vanadium(V) peroxo phosphato complex K₇[V₄O₄(O₂)₈(PO₄)]·9H₂O has been obtained from the KVO₃---KH₂PO₄---KOH---H₂O₂---H₂O---C₂H₅OH system. The X-ray structural analysis revealed a tetranuclear anionic structure in which two dinuclear [V₂O₂(O)₂)₂(μ-η¹ : η²-O₂)₂] units are connected by the μ₄-PO₄ group.     

Investigation of Mechanisms About Effects of Promoters P2O5,K2O and Al2O3 on Oxidation of o-Xylene to Phthalic Anhydride

We succeeded in designing an effective catalyst, V₂O₅-P₂O₅-K₂O/Al₂O₃. SiO₂, by which a high yield of PA,105wt% can be gained in middle-sized industrial fluidized bed apparatus without addition of any promoting gas.The mechanisms of effects of P₂O₅, K₂Oand Al₂O₃ on the surface properties of V2O₅ were investigated by means of TPDand XRD. And the selectivity of oxidation are explained.Addition of a great deal of P₂O₅ restrains the activity of donating surface oxygen from V2O₅, but increases the number of sites which donate surface oxygen. Addition of K₂Opromotes donation of surface oxygen from V2O₆, and decreases the number of sites of donating oxygen, on the other hand, addition of K|Omakes the surface structure of V₂O₅ catalysts more stable. Coating a small amount of Al₂O₂ onto support, SiO₂, restrains the activity of donating oxygen and increases the number of sites of donating surface oxygen from V₂O₅.     

Synthesis,Characterization and Catalytic Activity of Polyoxometalates Derived from α-P_2W_(15)O_56~(12

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HEDP与Fe(Ⅲ)配位化合物的制备和性质研究

制备了K₃[Fe(C₂H₅P₂O₇)₂]·4.5H₂O和K₃[Fe(C₂H₆P₂O₇)₂(OH)₂]·3H₂O两种固体配合物,用化学分析、穆斯堡尔谱、红外光谱、差热热重分析和电导测定等研究了它们的性质,推测了配合物的结构。     

Hydrothermal Synthesis,Structure and Properties of a New Phosphomolybdate Based on Novel [Co(H2O)4(HP2Mo5O23)]8- Anions and [H8(H2O)16]8+ Water Cluster Cations

A pure inorganic [P₂Mo₅O₂₃]^6- based cobalt complex [H₈(H₂O)₁₆][Co(H₂O)₄(HP₂Mo₅O₂₃)₂] with a sandglass-like shape was synthesized and characterized by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction(PXRD), infrared spectroscopy(IR), thermogravimetry/differential scanning calorimetry(TG/DSC), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy(UV-Vis) and cyclic voltammogram(CV). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the asymmetric unit of compound 1 consists of a half cobalt ion, one [P₂Mo₅O₂₃]^6- anion, two coordinated water molecules and eight lattice water molecules. It is especially intriguing to note that two [P₂Mo₅O₂₃]^6- clusters are symmetrical about the Co ion, like a sandglass. And a chair-like water cluster with an unprecedented centrosymmetric [H₈(H₂O)₁₆]⁸⁺ can be observed in compound 1. Additionally, the electrochemical and catalytic properties of compound 1 were also investigated.     

Synthesis,Structure and Properties of α Keggin type of K6H3[ZnW11 O40 Al]·9.5H2O

A new heteropolycomplex, K₆H₃[ZnW₁₁ O₄₀ Al]·9.5H₂O was prepared and characterized by means of elemental analysis, IR, UV spectroscopy, ²⁷Al NMR , electrochemistry and X ray crystallography. The crystal of K₆H₃[ZnW₁₁ O₄₀ Al]·9.5H₂O is cubic, space group Fm-3m , with lattice constants a=b=c =2.144 8(2) nm, V =9.866(2) nm³, Mo radiation, R =0.057 8 for 497 independent data with [ I>2δ(I) ]. The anion is of α type Keggin structure with C_s symmetry.     

复合材料K_8[Fe(H_2O)CdW_(11)O_(39)]/PANI/ZrO_2的制备、表征及光催化性能

采用静电自组装法制备了复合材料K_8[Fe(H_2O)CdW_(11)O_(39)]/PANI/ZrO_2.运用UV,IR,XRD,SEM-EDS和N_2吸附-脱附的检测手段对其进行了表征,并以该化合物作为催化剂,研究了其对孔雀石绿溶液的光降解情况.通过实验确定最佳的光降解条件:孔雀石绿溶液的初始浓度为25mg/L,孔雀石绿溶液的初始pH值为2,K_8[Fe(H_2O)CdW_(11)O_(39)]/PANI/ZrO_2的用量为0.05g.在最佳的条件下,孔雀石绿溶液的脱色率可达98.68%.因此,K_8[Fe(H_2O)CdW_(11)O_(39)]/PANI/ZrO_2是一种光催化性能良好的复合材料.