新型环蕃二茂铁二甲酸二羟乙苯胺酯的合成及表征

以二茂铁为原料, 通过合成1,1'-二乙酰基二茂铁、1,1'-二茂铁二甲酸、1,1'-二茂铁二甲酰氯, 在高度稀释条件下与4种二羟乙基苯胺进行酯化反应得到了1,9-二羰基-2,8-二氧-5-(4-氟)苯基氮[9]二茂铁酯环蕃a, 1,9-二羰基-2,8-二氧-5-(4-甲基)苯基氮[9]二茂铁酯环蕃b, 1,9-二羰基-2,8-二氧-5-(4-甲氧基)苯基氮[9]二茂铁酯环蕃c, 1,9-二羰基-2,8-二氧-5-(4-硝基)苯基氮[9]二茂铁酯环蕃d. 用UV、¹H NMR、FT-IR、元素分析和基质辅助激光解析电离-飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF)对这些化合物进行了表征. 培养了二茂铁酯环蕃a的单晶, 并对其结构进行了解析.     

三种新型二苯砜氮杂环蕃N,N’-二对甲苯磺酰基-1,m-二氮杂[m.1]对环蕃-n-砜的合成与表征(m＝8,10,12; n＝15,17,19)

以N,N’-二对甲苯磺酰基-4,4’-二氨基二苯砜与二溴代烷为原料, 高度稀释条件下合成了三种新型有硫原子桥连的氮杂环蕃N,N’-二对甲苯磺酰基-1,8-二氮杂[8.1]对环蕃-15-砜(C); N,N’-二对甲苯磺酰基-1,10-二氮杂[10.1]对环蕃-17-砜(D); N,N’-二对甲苯磺酰基-1,12-二氮杂[12.1]对环蕃-19-砜(E). 提供了三种环蕃化合物的合成方法. 用IR, 1H NMR和元素分析证实了新化合物结构. 分析了化合物D的单晶结构数据, 为环蕃化合物的空间结构研究提供了晶体学依据.     

新型含硫代乙酸酯缺电子环蕃的合成

以3,5-二甲基苯酚为原料,经4步反应合成了1,1’-【{5-[3-(乙酰硫基)丙氧基]-1,3-亚苯基}双(亚甲基)】双{[(4,4’-联吡啶)-1-鎓]}二六氟磷酸盐(4);4与1,4-二溴甲基苯和萘模板在低温反应制得含硫代乙酸酯的缺电子环蕃(5);5经连续萃取及离子交换除去萘模板合成了新型含硫代乙酸缺电子环蕃——5,13,20,27-四氮杂七环[25,2,2,22,5,17,11,213,16,217,20,222,25]四十-9-(1-丙基硫代乙酸酯)氧-1(28),2,4,7,9,12,14,16,18,21,23,26,29,31,33,35,37,39-十八烯四六氟磷酸盐(6),其结构经1H NMR和13C NMR表征。     

两个大环二茂铁环蕃的合成与晶体结构

本文合成了2个大环硒杂二茂铁环蕃,1,9-二硒杂-5-硫杂[9]二茂铁环蕃(1)和1,9,21,29-四硒杂-5,25-二硫杂[9.9]二茂铁环蕃(2),并应用核磁、质谱、单晶X-射线衍射进行了表征。循环伏安法测得二茂铁的氧化还原半波电位分别为-30(81)mV(1)和42(67)mV(2)。     

四硫富瓦烯和蒽单元构建的新型多功能四硫富瓦烯环蕃的合成与性质

2,6-二(甲硫基)-3,7-二(2-氰乙基硫基)四硫富瓦烯在甲醇钠的作用下消除保护基团, 生成四硫富瓦烯双钠盐, 再与9,10-二(氯甲基)蒽反应生成由四硫富瓦烯(TTF)和蒽单元构建的新型TTF环蕃. 分别通过循环伏安法和化学氧化法对其电化学性质、紫外吸收光谱和荧光性质进行了研究, 实验结果表明此类TTF环蕃化合物对OH^－离子有识别功能. 并通过电化学和紫外吸收光谱研究了这种新型四硫富瓦烯环蕃在金纳米颗粒表面自组装行为.     

新型苯并咪唑环蕃的合成与晶体结构研究

以二溴甲基苯(o,m,p)为原料,分别与2-巯基苯并咪唑环化合成相应的含硫苯并咪唑环蕃,实验发现二溴甲基取代位置对反应结果有很大影响,o-位取代很易生成[1:1]型环化产物,p-位取代则主要得到链状产物,m-位取代环化产物较复杂,但以[2:2]型环化产物为主.产物结构通过1H NMR,IR,HRMS进行了表征,并得到了1-3a的X射线单晶衍射晶体结构,对其晶体结构进行了分析.     

TTF单元与苯单元构建的新型TTF环蕃的合成和性质

以4,5-二(2'-氰乙基硫基)-1,3-二硫杂环戊烯-2-硫酮为原料经甲醇钠消除一个氰乙基生成4-(2'-氰乙基硫基)-1,3-二硫杂环戊烯-2-硫酮的单钠盐, 生成的单钠盐再与1,4-二(氯甲基)苯反应生成4,4'-二(2-氰乙基硫基)-5,5'-(1,4-二亚甲基苯)-二(1,3-二硫杂环戊烯-2-硫酮). 接着在乙酸汞的作用下生成4,4'-二(2-氰乙基硫基)-5,5'-(1,4-二亚甲基苯)-二(1,3-二硫杂环戊烯-2-酮), 此化合物在亚磷酸三乙酯的作用下发生偶联反应, 生成由TTF单元和苯单元构建的新型四硫富瓦烯环蕃和另一种四硫富瓦烯衍生物. 并分别通过循环伏安法和化学氧化法对它们及其导电复合物的电化学性质和紫外光谱进行了研究. 还研究了这种新型四硫富瓦烯环蕃在金纳米颗粒表面自组装行为.     

新型四四硫富瓦烯环蕃的合成和性质

利用2,3-二(2-氰基乙硫基)-6,7-二烷硫基四硫富瓦烯在甲醇钠的作用下消除一个保护基团生成四硫富瓦烯单钠盐, 与1,4-二氯甲基苯反应, 形成“单桥”-双(四硫富瓦烯)衍生物, 生成的“单桥”-双(四硫富瓦烯)衍生物再次在甲醇钠的作用下消除剩下的保护基团, 形成“单桥”-双(四硫富瓦烯)衍生物二钠盐, 最后与二溴代烷反应形成新型四四硫富瓦烯环蕃, 并通过循环伏安法和化学氧化法分别对其氧化还原性质和紫外光谱进行了研究.     

四氮杂环蕃衍生物的合成

在不同的条件下用二茂铁磺酰氯对1,6,16,21-四氮杂[6.1.6.1]对环蕃进行了修饰, 分别得到单取代和四取代产物. 用双官能团化合物溴乙酰溴对1,6,16,21-四氮杂[6.1.6.1]对环蕃进行了修饰, 得到1,6,16,21-四(2-溴乙酰基)-1,6,16,21-四氮杂[6.1.6.1]对环蕃, 然后将苯并咪唑基团引入四氮杂环蕃. 合成了带有生物活性基团的四氮杂环蕃衍生物. 用¹H NMR, IR和元素分析对新化合物进行了表征.     

含均三嗪环氮杂环蕃合成与表征

环蕃具有空腔结构,从而显示出许多独特的性质,有很大的应用前景.为了做进一步的研究,用三聚氯氰、苯酚,甲醇钠、1,6-己二胺、4,4'-二氨基-二苯甲烷为原料,经多步取代合成了几种新的氮杂环蕃,并用1HNMR,IR,MALDI-TOF-MS和元素分析对其结构进行了表征.同时对实验中所用的溶剂、缚酸剂以及反应浓度都进行了实验探索,得到了反应的最佳条件.     

The first synthesis and characterization of both diastereomers of a di[2.2]paracyclophane: 4,4'-bis(1,1,2,2,9,9,10,10-octafluoro[2.2]paracyclophane)

The synthesis and characterization of both diastereomers of a system comprised of two [2.2]paracyclophane units linked through a single 4,4' bond are described. Both the meso and d,l diastereomers of 4,4'-bis(octafluoro[2.2]paracyclophane) have been prepared via a palladium-catalyzed reductive homocoupling reaction by copper, producing a 3:2 ratio of meso and d,l diastereomers. A similar reductive homocoupling of pseudo-o-iodotrifluoromethyloctafluoro[2.2]paracyclophane gave only the analogous meso diastereomer. Single-crystal X-ray structures were obtained for all of the diparacyclophane products.     

Synthesis of [2.2]Paracyclophane-Based Glycidic Amides Using Chiral Ammonium Ylides

An ammonium ylide-mediated stereoselective protocol for the synthesis of a series of novel [2.2]paracyclophane-based epoxides starting from racemic 4-formyl[2.2]paracyclophane has been developed. By using achiral ammonium salts as ylide precursors, the corresponding epoxide products were obtained in isolated yields up to 76 % and with diastereoselectivities up to d.r.=9 : 1. When carrying out the reaction with chiral ammonium salts instead, the products were accessible with e.r.>93.5 : 6.5 and d.r.>3 : 1, accompanied with a moderately enantioselective kinetic resolution of the racemic starting aldehyde (e.r.=75 : 25).     

The first three aromatic tribromides of the [2.2]paracyclophane series

From the reaction mixtures in the uncatalyzed polybromination of [2.2]paracyclophane by the action of excess Br₂ in CCl₄, there have been found along with the known products — 4,15- and 4,16-dibromo[2.2]paracyclophanes — two new aromatic tribromides of this series, which have been isolated in pure form: 4,12,15- and 4,15,16-tribromo[2.2]paracyclophanes. Special experiments demonstrated that the mixtures of these tribromides are formed as a result of competitive monobromination of 4,15-dibromo[2.2]paracyclophane; the 4,15,16-tribromo[2.2]paracyclophane, together with still another newly isolated isomer of this series — 4,8,12-tribromo[2.2]paracyclophane — is formed as a result of competitive monobromination of 4,16-dibromo[2.2]paracyclophane. As an explanation of the features of the orienting effect of substituents in these competing reactions, a rule was proposed: On the conventional orientation (from the electronic point of view) of entry of the bromine atom into the substituted ring (para > ortho > meta), a steric limitation is imposed on its attack in the pseudo-gem-position, owing to the bulky bromine atom that is transannularly positioned above it in the neighboring aromatic ring. The structures of all of the tribromides were established on the basis of elemental analyses, mass spectrometry, and¹H NMR spectrometry (including PMR using the homonuclear Overhauser effect). The data obtained in this work indicate that the 4,12,15-tribromo[2.2]paracyclophane and 4,15,16-tribromo[2.2]paracyclophane are predecessors of the two tetrabromides previously obtained by Cram — 4,7,12,15- and 4,5,15,16-tetrabromo[2.2]paracyclophanes; and the 4,8,12-tribromo[2.2]paracyclophane is a possible predecessor of 4,8,12,16-tetrabromo[2.2]paracyclophane, which is unknown up to the present time.A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Heteroorganic Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117813 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1837–1843, August, 1992.     

Diastereoselective Hartwig-Buchwald reaction of chiral amines with rac-[2.2]paracyclophane derivatives

A Hartwig-Buchwald addition of a variety of chiral amines to rac-4-bromo-[2.2]paracyclophane and rac-trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (4-[2.2]paracyclophane) ester was performed with high diastereoselectivities. Kinetic racemic resolution of the starting materials was achieved, providing a rapid access to enantiomerically enriched 4-bromo-[2.2]paracyclophane and the corresponding enantiomerically pure [2.2]paracyclophane amines. Additionally, the first reaction of a secondary amine with a [2.2]paracyclophane halide was achieved.     

Novel ligands based on bromosubstituted hydroxycarbonyl [2.2]paracyclophane derivatives: synthesis and application in asymmetric catalysis

New planar-chiral hydroxycarbonyl [2.2]paracyclophane derivatives, 4-acetyl-13-bromo-5-hydroxy[2.2]paracyclophane (Br-АНРС, 63%) and 4-benzoyl-13-bromo-5-hydroxy[2.2]paracyclophane (Br-BHPC, 53%), were synthesized and reacted with the enantiomers of α-phenylethylamine to form corresponding Schiff bases, 12-bromo-4-hydroxy-5[1-(1-phenyl-ethylimino)-ethyl]-[2.2]paracyclophane and 12-bromo-4-hydroxy-5[1-(1-phenyl-ethylimino)-(phenyl)methylen-[2.2]paracyclophane. The diastereomers of the imines were resolved and their absolute configurations and consequently the corresponding configurations of the enantiomers of Br-АНРС were determined by X-ray diffraction. Enantiomerically pure Schiff bases were applied as ligands to form catalysts for the enantioselective addition reaction of diethylzinc with benzaldehyde where 1-phenylpropanol was obtained with 77–91% ee.     

The 4,4'-(1,2-ethanediyl)bisbenzyl biradical: its generation, detection, and (photo)chemical behavior in solution

The 4,4'-(1,2-ethanediyl)bisbenzyl biradical (2) is clearly and efficiently generated by photolysis of [3.2]paracyclophane-2-one (8) in cyclohexane solution. This intermediate is also formed via two-photon processes from [2.2]paracyclophane (3) and 1,2-bis(4-chloromethylphenyl)ethane (4). The products arising thermally from biradical 2 are [2.2]paracyclophane and [2.2.2.2]paracyclophane (11) (under high-intensity conditions). Furthermore, two-laser two-color flash photolysis shows that biradical 2 is photostable in solution at room temperature. Thus, formation of p-xylylene (1) from 2 occurs neither thermally nor photochemically.     

Photochemical synthesis of [2.2](3,8)-pyridazinophane and quinolinophane-2(1H)-one as well as synthesis of [2](5,8)-quinolinophanes and fused spiro-pyranoindanoparacyclophanes

Syntheses of various classes of unreported heterophanes derived from [2.2]paracyclophane are herein reported. The key to their successful synthesis depends on the photochemical synthesis of pyridazinophane and quinolinophane-2(1H)-one from freshly prepared 4-([2.2]paracyclophanyl)-azo-4′-[2.2]paracyclophane and 4-([2.2]paracyclophanyl)cinnnamanilide, respectively. Reactions of 4-amino-[2.2]paracyclophane with either acetyl- or benzoylacetone afforded condensed products. Then ring closure using polyphosphoric acid (PPA) at 120°C gave, in near quantitative yields, quinolinophanes. Reactions of [2](4,7)-indano-[2]paracyclophane-1-ylidene-propanedinitrile with active methylene compounds afforded fused spiro-pyranoindanoparacyclophane derivatives.     

4,5-dehydro- and 4,5,15,16-bis(dehydro)octafluoro[2.2]paracyclophanes: facile generation and extraordinary Diels-Alder reactivity

Dehydroiodination of 4-iodo- and 4,15-diiodo-1,1,2,2,9,9,10,10-octafluoro[2.2]paracyclophane by treatment with KO(t)Bu in the presence of benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, and [2.2]paracyclophane affords each of the corresponding Diels-Alder mono- and bis-cycloadducts derived from the presumed aryne intermediates in high yield. Monoadducts of t-butylbenzene and furan are also obtained in excellent yield. All of the products were characterized by their NMR spectra, with four of them also being confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The extraordinary selectivity/reactivity of the aryne intermediate is discussed.     

毛细管气相色谱法研究对环芳烷二氯化产物的组成

在选定毛细管柱温,载气流量、分流比、注入口和ＦＩＤ的温度等色谱条件下,分析了对环芳烷（ＰＣＰ）二氯化产物的组成。定性分析结果表明,ＰＣＰ二氯化产物除主要组分是二氯对环芳烷（ＤＣＰＣＰ）外,还含少量的一氯对环芳烷（ＭＣＰＣＰ）和三氯对环芳烷（ＴＣＰＣＰ）;ＤＣＰＣＰ的色谱图上出现了３个明显的色谱峰,证明３种异构体相对含量较高。用丙酮－石油醚混合溶剂分离去除 物得到了纯度为９９．１％的ＤＣＰＣＰ。以邻苯二甲酸二丁酯为内标物,测定了ＤＣＰＣＰ对内标物的相对质量校正因子。按内标法定量分析了ＰＣＰ二氯化产物各组分的含量,对ＤＣＰＣＰ分析的相对标准偏差小于３％。