聚硅酸硫酸铁/壳聚糖复合絮凝剂的制备及其在废水处理中的应用

制备了无机高分子复合絮凝剂聚硅酸硫酸铁（PFSS）和助凝剂壳聚糖（CTS）,考察了影响合成及絮凝剂应用的因素,探讨了其组成、投加量以及pH值对城市废水絮凝效果的影响,通过对模拟废水和城市废水絮凝试验,得出最佳的合成和应用条件：n（Fe）∶n（Si）=1∶1,PFSS的碱化度为1.5,聚合硫酸铁（PFS）的pH=2,聚硅酸（PS）的活化时间为1.5 h;n（PFSS）∶n（CTS）=5∶1,投加量为(20+4) mg/L,pH值的范围为6～9,沉降时间为15 min。 复合絮凝剂（PFSS-CTS）在最佳条件下浊度、色度、COD的去除率分别达到95.04%、91.26%和83.45%。     

PFSS絮凝-膜分离法处理炼油废水

采用PFSS絮凝-膜分离法处理炼油废水.通过对PAC、PFS和PFSS的除油、CODcr、SS性能比较,确定了PFSS为较好的絮凝剂,探讨了絮凝剂用量、絮凝时间对絮凝效果的影响.通过对膜材料的分析,确定了聚氯乙烯-聚丙烯腈膜对炼油废水有较好的处理效果,探讨了进料流量、操作压力、温度对膜通量的影响.结果表明:当PFSS用量为50-70mg/L、反应时间为8min、进料流量为60L·h-1、操作压力为1.6Mpa、温度为40℃时,通过絮凝沉降、膜分离处理过程,炼油废水中的油、CODcr、SS的去除率分别达到98%、95%、93%以上.出水水质达到国家一级排放标准.     

稀土吸附剂城市污水深度除磷

采用以分子筛为载体、负载镧制成复合吸附剂对城市污水进行深度除磷.实验结果表明:研制的稀土吸附剂适于处理弱酸性废水.对于城市污水含磷浓度为1.0 mg·L-1,当pH值3～7,吸附剂的投加量在0.06 g·L-1,吸附3 h时,磷的去除率可达99.5%,出水pH值在6.0～8.5之间.     

纳米聚硅酸铝铁絮凝剂的制备和性能

以硅酸钠、氯化铁、氯化铝为原料通过超声的方法制备了无机高分子纳米级聚硅酸铝铁絮凝剂(Nano-PAFSI),考察了其投加量、pH值、搅拌强度等因素对废水处理效果的影响,并对混凝机理进行了分析.实验表明,产品纳米聚硅酸铝铁(Nano-PAFSI)比普通聚硅酸铝铁处理废水效果更佳.对印染废水的浊度去除率为97.8%,色度去除率为94.6%,CODCr去除率为55.1%.     

生物膜脱除方式对受污染源水生物接触氧化修复系统除磷性能的影响

针对生物接触氧化修复工艺存在的生物膜内磷累积导致系统除磷性能恶化的问题,以受污染源水为对象,开展表层生物膜脱除(SBD)和全层生物膜脱除(FBD)两种排泥方式对系统除磷长效性和运行稳定性的影响研究.结果表明,生物接触氧化修复系统启动1周后除磷效率达46.9%,随后系统除磷性能迅速恶化.采用FBD方式后系统除磷效果得以恢复,溶解性磷酸盐(DP)去除率维持在30%以上近1个月,生物膜饱和吸磷量达(318.5±21.5)mgTPm-2填料表面积.相比而言,采用SBD方式处理后系统除磷性能未能得到有效改善,30%以上DP去除率仅维持1周左右,生物膜饱和吸磷量仅为FBD的0.68倍.推测不同脱除方式对生物膜二次成膜过程微生物菌群结构重建和污染物去除性能影响显著,FBD处理后系统二次成膜过程溶解氧扩散不受限制,聚磷菌相对反硝化菌更易定殖、富集.镜检结果表明,FBD处理后填料表面仍附着少量微生物及其分泌物(如胞外多聚物等),与新填料表面光滑特性相比,其较高的孔隙率和较强的生物亲和性有利于微生物快速附着成膜,保证排泥强化除磷后系统氨氮、高锰酸盐指数、总氮去除性能稳定.     

两性高分子絮凝剂P(FA/NVP/DMC)处理钻井废水的研究

考查了一种两性高分子絮凝剂P(FA/NVP/DMC)对钻井废水的絮凝性能。试验显示,在pH=7、投加量为186.94mg/L条件下,CODCr去除率达到90.2%,浊度去除率达到98.9%;对钻井废水絮凝处理后的絮体进行电镜扫描,运用非线性数学分形理论计算絮体空隙分维数,结果表明,理论计算与试验结果一致。     

MBBR两种填料对养猪废水脱氮除磷效果对比

为了探讨移动床生物膜反应器中不同填料对废水脱氮除磷效果的影响,采用碳纤维球和聚乙烯塑料两种不同悬浮填料进行对比试验。在不同运行条件下,分别测定氨氮、总氮、总磷、COD等指标,对比挂膜和脱氮除磷效果。结果表明,碳纤维球填料挂膜速度快,在不同运行条件下均比聚乙烯塑料填料对COD、NH4+-N、TN、TP等的去除效果好,去除率分别可达91.2%、98.0%、77.5%、68.1%。这说明比表面积大、孔隙率高的填料挂膜更快,挂膜量更多,更有利于实现同时生物脱氮除磷。     

高聚铝复硅絮凝剂强化混凝除浊除锌性能

通过共聚法制得由高度聚合的Al 30与硅复合的高聚铝复硅絮凝剂(HAS),模拟含锌原水的烧杯混凝实验,研究HAS的硅铝比、四氧化三铁和高岭土对除浊除锌性能的影响.结果表明,与传统氯化铝(AC)相较,Al 13为主的中聚铝(MA)除浊效果差但除锌效果好,HAS除浊除锌性能均优于AC.加四氧化三铁可增强HAS的除锌率但略降...     

以赤泥为原料合成聚合氯化铝铁复合絮凝剂及其应用

介绍了用炼铝废弃物赤泥制备聚合氯化铝铁絮凝剂（PAFC）的基本工艺.研究了液固比、反应温度、反应时间对赤泥溶出率的影响,确定了最佳溶出条件为反应液固比3.5∶1、温度85℃、时间1.5 h;制备聚合氯化铝铁絮凝剂的最佳工艺条件为铝铁摩尔比1∶1,温度60℃,反应时间1.0 h.通过对该产品进行混凝试验,得出当PAFC投加量为0.80 mL.L-1,沉降时间为30 min,pH在6～7之间时,浊度、色度、COD的最大去除率分别达到69%、85%、70%.     

有机-无机杂化高分子絮凝剂PAC-PDMDAAC的合成与表征

以过硫酸铵为引发剂,以乙二胺四乙酸四钠(Na4EDTA)为助剂合成了新型有机-无机杂化高分子絮凝剂聚合氯化铝-聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(PAC-PDMDAAC).实验考查了DMDAAC单体质量分数、引发剂用量、反应温度以及反应时间对杂化絮凝剂合成的影响.结果表明杂化高分子絮凝剂的最佳合成条件为单体质量分数30%,引发剂质量分数0.7%,反应温度60℃,反应时间5 h.傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、热重分析(TGA)以及扫描电镜(SEM)测试结果表明,杂化聚合物PDMDAAC链端有—SO42-离子存在,其与带正电荷的羟基铝粒子以离子键形式键合.扫描电镜结果显示杂化絮凝剂具有更大的比表面积,易于发挥吸附架桥作用.采用Al-Ferron逐时络合比色法研究絮凝剂中Al形态,结果表明杂化絮凝剂中Alc部分,即不与Ferron发生络合反应的高聚物明显增多.由PAC、复配型PAC-PDMDAAC和杂化型PAC-PDMDAAC絮凝剂分别处理腐植酸-高岭土模拟水样和长江水,结果表明杂化型絮凝剂在浊度和UV254的去除率上优于其它二者.     

Coagulation and UF treatment of pulp and paper mill wastewater in comparison

A study using coagulation-flocculation and ultrafiltration (UF)methods for pulp and paper mills’ wastewater (WW)was carried out. The reduction efficiencies of turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (COD), the removal efficiency of total suspended solids (TSS) and absorbance at 254 nm were the main evaluating parameters. Using coagulation-flocculation, the efficiencies of alum and polyaluminum chloride (PACl)were studied, when used alone and when coupled with flocculant aids. During the coagulation-flocculation process, use of a single coagulant, the coagulant dosage, and the pH, play an important role in determining the coagulation efficiency. At the optimum PACl dosage of 840 mg L⁻¹ and optimum pH of 9.0, turbidity reduction was found to be 94.5%. A combination of inorganic coagulant and flocculant, or polymer was applied, in which PACl was used coupled with the polyelectrolytes Organopol WPB20 and WPB40. PACl coupled with Organopol WPB20 by optimal pH 9 gave a 98.3% reduction of turbidity, 91.9% removal of TSS, and a 60.2% reduction in COD. Ultrafiltration trials were carried out on a pilot scale. A tubular module was used with ceramic membrane. This membrane is a multi-channel membrane with an active surface layer made of Al₂O₃ and ZrO₂. Within the acidic range, the turbidity and TSS were removed at above 99%.     

Study of flocculation with PONILIT GT-2 anionic polyelectrolyte applied into a chemical wastewater treatment

This paper discusses the applications of synthetic PONILIT GT-2 anionic polyelectrolyte in conjuction with ferric sulfate in a chemical wastewater treatment viz. wastewater from ceramics manufacturing. Synthetic wastewaters with different colloid concentrations were prepared and the coagulation-flocculation process followed by sedimentation and/or filtration was studied. Variables associated with the chemical wastewater composition, mixing time, and the coagulant and flocculant dose are considered in order to appreciate the process efficiency in terms of turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and color removal. The degrees are higher for turbidity and color (> 80 %) removal respectively, and, satisfactory for COD (< 50 %). An empirical model was elaborated by a third order rotatable design 2³ type, considering ferric sulfate dose, polyelectrolyte dose, and mixing time as independent variables, while the turbidity and color removal efficiencies were chosen as optimization criteria. The empirical model was found adequate for the chemical wastewater treatment. Also, an analysis of the model was performed to find the optimal operating conditions, in order to apply this process for an efficient chemical wastewater treatment using ferric sulfate as coagulation agent and PONILIT GT-2 anionic polyelectrolyte as flocculation agent. The optimal values correspond to a ferric ions concentration of 6.093 mg/L, a polyelectrolyte dose of 0.651 mg/L, and a mixing time of 24.024 minutes for turbidity removal (95.869 %), respectively, and, to a ferric ions concentration of 6.01 mg/L, a polyelectrolyte dose of 0.69 mg/L, and a mixing time of 26 minutes for color removal (98.741 %).      

基于钼酸盐光度法测定总磷的浊度去除方法

采取新的浊度去除方法,改进了测定总磷的钼酸盐光度法。测定过程中,消解液的浊度会对测定结果产生干扰。通过比较机械过滤法和试剂补偿法的浊度校正效果,建立了中速定性滤纸单次机械过滤的浊度去除方法,确定了最佳去除条件:控制待滤液温度不高于30℃,清洗纯水的体积不少于20 m L。选择消解液具有浊度干扰项的6种代表性水样,分别进行平行测定和加标回收试验,方法检出限为0.008 mg/L,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.8%~7.9%(n=6),加标回收率为92.0%~106%。该方法灵敏度、准确度高,精密度良好,与现行国标法相比,试剂消耗量少,分析效率高,能够满足多种水环境样品中总磷的测定要求。     

Enhanced flocculation activity of polyacrylamide‐based flocculant for purification of industrial wastewater

The flocculation activity of commercially available anionic poly (acrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid), p (AAm‐co‐AA) has been significantly improved, without any inorganic coagulant aid. The effect of three types of surfactants, anionic sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) (Palm Epimen), nonionic cocamide DEA, zwitterionic amphoteric Amphotensid B5, and one organic cation, trimethylammonium bromide (TAB) on coagulation/flocculation performance have been investigated. The performance has been analysed in terms of turbidity, total suspended solid (TSS), total iron (TI) content, and BTEX for treating two kinds of industrial wastewater, produced water (PW) and starch water. We have shown that adding a small amount of each of the studied surfactants, and especially cationic TAB, significantly increases the coagulation/flocculation performance without modifying pH levels. A combination of low dosage of flocculant (310 ppb) and TAB (310 ppb), after 5 minutes, presented 88%, 81%, and 62% reduction in turbidity, TSS, and TI content, respectively, whereas by using 5 ppm of flocculant alone (16 times more), only 76%, 75%, and 43% removal was obtained. The results reveal that TAB performs as an efficient coagulant booster. Compared with regular inorganic coagulants, it is more cost‐effective, reduces the consumption of treatment chemicals, and the pH‐dependency of contaminants removal.     

Preparation of Wastewater Phosphorus Removal Materials by Dry FGD Ash Produced from Iron Industry

<正>Dry FGD (Flue Gas Desulfurization) ash produced from iron industry is used as the main raw material to prepare recyclable wastewater phosphorus removal materials through non-burned process. By testing various formulae and preparation conditions, this paper discusses the different results of phosphorus removal efficiency of the samples to figure out which is the best formula. Spectrophotometric determination with phosphor molybdenum blue is used to determine the phosphorus concentration. Flexural strength and porosity are determined correspondingly as well. By applying SEM and EDS techniques, the microstructure change of the sample is characterized after phosphorus removal. The best formula is that prepared by using 84wt% of FGD ash and 16wt% of cement. The flexural strength of the sample is 12.15 MPa, and the porosity is 20.5%. Microstructure analysis indicates that phosphate adsorption occurs mainly on the surface of the material.     

硫酸铝渣制备聚硅酸铝铁絮凝剂及应用性能研究

以硫酸铝渣为原料,研制出了一系列不同A1／Fe／Si物质的量比的聚硅酸铝铁絮凝剂（简称PAFsc）。考察了PAFSC的混凝、除浊、脱色等性能,并研究了A1／Fe／Si物质的量比、pH、投药量等因素对PAFSC性能的影响。处理模拟浊水时,当n（A1）／n（Fe）=2．0～4．0,n（M）／n（SiO2）=0．7～1．3时...     

Synthesis of a new flocculant based on poly(acrylamide-co-(N-octyl-4-vinylpyridinium bromide)) [AM5/VP5C8Br]-application for the turbidity removal from clay suspension

The interactions between poly(acrylamide-co-(N-octyl-4-vinylpyridinium bromide)) [AM5/VP5C8Br] cationic polyelectrolyte, and clay particles in dilute aqueous suspensions are studied in the aim of adsorption and flocculation. The extents of both phenomena are significantly influenced by the ionic strength of the medium. The adsorption of the clay particles on the copolymer chains occurs initially by the hydrophobic interaction. As flocculation mechanisms, the hydrophobic interaction between copolymer chains and the clay particles appears to be principal. In this work, we have prepared a copolymer which has been characterized by conductivity, viscosity, ¹H NMR, and FT-IR spectroscopies. The copolymer dosage and pH are two of the most important experimental parameters in the coagulation/flocculation operations used for study and optimization of the wastewater treatment operations. Under optimized conditions, 97% efficiency of the turbidity elimination, with a very low flocculant concentration of 3?ppm have been achieved in order to produce drinking water with standard limits around the world (< 1 NTU). The conclusion drawn on the basis of these results is that wastewater treatment using this new copolymer [AM5/VP5C8Br] has proved to be a good flocculant in overseeing of wastewater turbidity problems.     

A Novel Approach for Phosphorus Recovery and No Wasted Sludge in Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal Process with External COD Addition

In enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process, phosphorus (P) in wastewater is removed via wasted sludge without actual recovery. A novel approach to realize phosphorus recovery with special external chemical oxygen demand (COD) addition in EBPR process was proposed. During the new operating approach period, it was found that (1) no phosphorus was detected in the effluent; (2) with an external addition of 10 % of influent COD amount, 79 % phosphorus in the wastewater influent was recovered; (3) without wasted sludge, the MLVSS concentration in the system increased from 2,010 to 3,400 mg/L and kept stable after day 11 during 24-day operating period. This demonstrates that the novel approach is feasible to realize phosphorus recovery with no wasted sludge discharge in EBPR process. Furthermore, this approach decouples P removal and sludge age, which may enhance the application of membrane bioreactor for P removal.