光催化剂Bi1-xGdxVO4的制备和表征及其光催化分解水

通过高温固相法合成了不同组分的光催化剂Bi1-xGdxVO4(x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, 1.0), 并用X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(DRS)、比表面积分析(BET)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对催化剂Bi1-xGdxVO4进行了表征和分析. XRD结果表明, 在Bi1-xGdxVO4中存在两种结构, 当0.3≤x≤1.0时, Bi1-xGdxVO4为四方晶系硅酸锆型结构; 当x=0时, 为单斜晶系白钨矿结构BiVO4; 当0相似文献   

Bi_(0.5)Na_(0.5)TiO_3的制备及光催化性能研究

以Bi(NO3)3·5H2O、Na OH、Ti(OC4H9)4为原料,采用水热法制备Bi0.5Na0.5Ti O3纳米光催化剂。用XRD、TEM表征了Bi0.5Na0.5Ti O3光催化剂的结构和形貌。以亚甲基蓝为模型污染物,考察了不同浓度的Na OH对Bi0.5Na0.5Ti O3晶体在紫外光和可见光照射下光催化活性的影响。通过荧光技术研究了Bi0.5Na0.5Ti O3光催化剂表面羟基自由基的生成,探究了清除剂对光催化降解污染物活性的影响。结果表明:Na OH的浓度对Bi0.5Na0.5Ti O3光催化剂的紫外光和可见光活性有很大的影响,当Na OH浓度为8mol·L-1时制备的Bi0.5Na0.5Ti O3晶体光催化活性最高,光照1h,亚甲基蓝的紫外及可见光催化降解率分别达到69.8%、53.4%,在光催化降解过程中·O2ˉ和·OH起主要作用,尤其是·O2-起了重要作用。     

水热预处理合成Bi0.5Y0.5VO4及其光解水性能研究

采用水热反应预处理法制备了Bi0.5Y0.5VO4光催化剂,考察了预处理条件及焙烧温度对光催化活性的影响.利用XRD、SEM、UV-vis和BET等测试手段对样品的晶相组成、表面形貌、光吸收性能和比表面积等物理性质进行了表征.结果表明:预处理后可在温和条件下合成Bi0.5Y0.5VO4(BYV)固溶体,当水热预处理条件为pH=1,焙烧温度为800℃时制备材料活性最高,共负载Pt-Cr2O3助催化剂后具有完全分解水性能,生成氢气和氧气的量分别为80.5μmol/h和43.8μmol/h.     

可见光响应光催化剂BiYWO6的制备、表征及其完全分解水的研究

制备了一种可见光响应的光催化剂BiYWO6, 该体系是Bi2WO6-Y2WO6的伪二元固溶体, 其禁带宽度为2.71 eV. 其负载了助催化剂后, 可在紫外光和可见光下完全分解水生成氢气和氧气, 其中负载RuO2助催化剂的BiYWO6具有最好的光催化活性. 通过对光催化反应前后的BiYWO6和助催化剂的表面各元素的化学状态的研究证实了RuO2/BiYWO6体系的稳定性. 比较分析了BiYWO6的能带结构, 认为可见光完全分解水的性能可归因于Y和Bi在固溶体BiYWO6中形成了合适的能带结构.     

磁性γ-Fe2O3/BiOCl/BiVO4复合材料的制备及其光催化性能研究

采用γ-Fe2O3掺杂对Bi OCl/Bi VO4进行改性。通过超声-水热法合成出粒径在1.5~2.0μm、表面附着Bi OCl纳米片和球形颗粒γ-Fe2O3的Bi VO4微米块状磁性γ-Fe2O3/Bi OCl/Bi VO4复合光催化剂。结合XRD、SEM、UV-Vis DRS等表征手段对复合材料的组成、形貌、光学性质进行表征,通过光催化降解若丹明B溶液对其光催化性能进行评价。结果表明,使用过的15%γ-Fe2O3/Bi OCl/Bi VO4复合光催化剂可以通过外磁场作用很容易地与反应溶液分离,且仍具有较高的可见光催化活性和稳定性,其重复使用4次后,对若丹明B的降解率和光催化剂的回收率变化不明显,仍达到88.6%和90.3%。     

ABO3型钙钛矿结构的可见光光催化剂LaCo0.5Ti0.5O3的设计与合成

采用溶胶-凝胶法在较低温度条件下设计合成了新型的具有ABO3型钙钛矿结构的三元金属复合氧化物LaCo0.5Ti0.5O3. 通过TG-DTA, XRD, XPS, UV-Vis DRS等测试技术和可见光光催化活性测试对其进行了表征. 结果表明, 与LaCoO3和La2Ti2O7相比, LaCo0.5Ti0.5O3样品表现出相对较高的可见光光催化活性, 并且合成温度较低. 这是由于原料中的Co2+和Ti4+离子通过电荷补偿作用使产物B位的两种金属均以+3价氧化态分布所致.     

增强可见光催化活性的Z型MoO3/Bi2O4复合光催化剂的制备（英文）

全球工业化进程的加快使人们饱受环境污染问题的困扰.半导体光催化技术作为一种高效、绿色、有潜力的新技术,在环境净化方面有着广阔的应用前景.Bi2O4是近年来新开发出的一种铋基光催化剂,在环境净化方面已有一些研究.但是,单体光催化剂通常存在光响应范围窄、光生载流子复合率高等问题,这些不足限制了Bi2O4的进一步应用.因此,需要通过适当的改性来拓宽其光响应范围和提高其载流子的分离效率,从而提高其光催化活性.构建Z型异质结被认为是提高光催化剂光生载流子分离效率并进一步提高光催化活性的有效方法.MoO3是一种宽禁带的n型半导体,具有独特的能带结构、光学特性和表面效应,是一种非常有前景的半导体光催化剂.虽然MoO3材料的光生载流子复合率高,带隙(2.7-3.2 eV)大,不利于其参与光催化反应,但MoO3与其他合适的半导体配位形成复合材料后能够有效提高其光生载流子的分离效率,从而提高其光催化活性.本研究采用简单的水热法制备了一种新型Z型MoO3/Bi2O4复合光催化剂,SEM和TEM分析结果表明,MoO3和Bi2O4紧密结合在一起.X射线光电子能谱分析表明,MoO3和Bi2O4之间存在很强的界面相互作用,这有助于电荷转移和光生载流子的分离.光致发光光谱、电阻抗和光电流测试也证明了MoO3/Bi2O4复合光催化剂的光生载流子分离效率更高,形成了更强的光电流.通过在可见光下降解RhB溶液评价了所合成光催化剂的光催化性能.15%MoO3/Bi2O4(15-MB)复合光催化剂表现出了最佳的可见光催化活性,在40 min内对10 mg/L RhB溶液的降解率达到了99.6%,其降解速率是Bi2O4的2倍.此外,15-MB复合光催化剂在经过五次循环降解RhB溶液后仍保持良好的光催化活性和稳定性,表明MoO3/Bi2O4复合光催化剂具有较强的应用潜力.通过自由基捕获实验确定了光催化反应中主要的活性自由基为 O2-和h+.通过莫特-肖特基测试和带隙计算得到MoO3和Bi2O4的价带和导带位置.最后,根据实验和分析结果提出了Z型MoO3/Bi2O4复合光催化剂在可见光下降解RhB溶液的机理.本研究为设计铋基Z型异质结光催化剂用于高效去除环境污染物提供了一种有前景的策略.     

超声水热法制备高可见光催化活性的BiOCl-Bi12O17Cl2纳米复合材料去除染料和药物废水（英文）

光催化作为一种环境友好型、低能耗的技术,在环境净化等领域倍受关注.传统光催化剂,如TiO2,ZnO,V2O5和WO3等具有较高的光敏性,其价格低廉,自然无毒,常用于光电反应的应用当中.然而,这些催化剂具有较宽的禁带宽度,只能在紫外光下响应.为此,设计一种较窄带隙的高可见光活性的光催化剂具有一定的意义.近年来,氯氧化铋光催化剂受到了越来越多的关注,其在紫外光下具有非常优异的光催化性能.并且,研究者们已成功合成出非化学计量比的氯氧化铋,如Bi3O4Cl(2.60 eV),Bi12O17Cl2(2.10 eV),Bi12O15Cl6(2.86 eV)和Bi24O31Cl10(2.70 eV)等光催化剂.研究表明,较低的Cl/O比可能会减小催化剂的带隙宽度,并提高其光催化性能;其中Bi12O17Cl2的Cl/O比最小,是最有潜力的氯氧化铋光催化剂.然而,Bi12O17Cl2具有较高的光生电子空穴复合率,会极大的减弱其光催化活性.因此,将Bi12O17Cl2与具有高稳定性,结构相似且空穴复合率低的Bi OCl相结合,将会极大提高在可见光下Bi12O17Cl2的光催化活性.本文采用了超声水热法成功制备了具有高可见光催化活性的Bi OCl-Bi12O17Cl2纳米复合材料,用于去除染料和药物废水.扫描电子显微镜和比表面积分析仪的结果表明,纳米复合材料具有良好的分散性,结构为花瓣形状,其平均厚度为20至50 nm,且具有较高的比表面积.紫外-可见漫反射和光致发光光谱分析表明,纳米复合材料具有良好的可见光吸收性能,并且光生电子空穴复合率远低于Bi12O17Cl2.其在可见光下降解罗丹明B(/环丙沙星)的动力学常数分别约为Bi12O17Cl2,BiOCl和P25的8.14(/4.94),64.66(/11.91)和42.63(/36.07)倍.合适的形态,结构和光电性能是此纳米复合光催化剂具有优异光催化性能的原因.此外,该催化剂还显示出较宽的pH适用范围和优异的可重复利用性,有利于实际利用.机理研究表明,降解罗丹明B的主要活性物质是光生空穴和超氧自由基.总之,本文开发了一种绿色、稳定、高效的可见光光催化剂,对BiOCl基的光催化剂的研究作出了一定的贡献.     

异质结构AgCl/Bi2WO6微米球制备、表征及其光催化性能

首先利用水热法制备了由纳米片组装的粒径为1.5–2μm的Bi2WO6微球,然后在微球表面沉积了不同含量的AgCl (5 wt%,10wt%,20wt%,30wt%),制备了异质结构AgCl/Bi2WO6微球光催化剂.利用X射线粉末衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜、红外光谱、紫外-可见漫反射吸收等手段对所制的光催化剂进行表征,并以紫外光和可见光分别为光源,罗丹明B为降解对象测试了其光催化活性,考察复合不同含量的AgCl对Bi2WO6光催化剂的性能影响.结果表明,沉积AgCl对Bi2WO6的晶体结构、表面性能和光吸收性能没有产生明显影响,但大幅度提高了Bi2WO6的紫外和可见光催化活性.当复合20wt%AgCl时, AgCl/Bi2WO6光催化活性最佳,紫外光下比纯Bi2WO6提高了2.2倍,可见光下提高了1倍.这主要是由于形成的AgCl/Bi2WO6异质结能有效抑制光生电子和空穴的复合,从而提了其光催化性能.     

Y2O3/Ag3VO4复合可见光催化剂的制备及其光催化性能

以Na3VO4.12H2O,AgNO3和Y(NO3)3.6H2O为原料,采用浸渍法制备了Y2O3/Ag3VO4复合可见光催化剂,并用XRD,SEM,XPS,UV-Vis等测试手段表征了试样的结构和性能。结果显示,Y2 O3/Ag3VO4复合可见光催化剂为单斜结构,Y以Y2 O3的形式分散在Ag3VO4晶体的表面。UV-Vis测试结果表明,Y2O3/Ag3VO4较纯Ag3VO4吸收带边发生了红移,在可见光区的吸收增强;以金属卤灯(波长大于400 nm)为光源,研究了Y2O3/Ag3VO4催化剂对甲基橙(MO)的可见光催化降解性能。结果发现,Y2O3/Ag3VO4复合可见光催化剂的光催化活性较纯Ag3VO4均有大幅提高,其中Y掺杂量为4%时活性最高。     

Magnetoresistance in La0.5Sr0.5MnO2.5

Resistance measurements indicate the presence of magnetoresistance in the La_0.5Sr_0.5MnO_2.5 brownmillerite related compound. An 80 % of magnetoresistance is found at 75 K. In spite of the partial break‐up occurring at the 3D network of octahedra sharing corners, characteristic of the full oxygen content perovskite phase, the oxygen deficient compound exhibits complex magnetic and electric properties. Such behavior can be explained on the basis of ferromagnetic and metallic clusters randomly distributed at the octahedral layers separated from each other by an insulating antiferromagnetic matrix. AC susceptibility measurements suggest spin glass behavior at low temperature as a consequence of the competition between different magnetic interactions.     

Amorphous Mo-doped NiS0.5Se0.5 Nanosheets@Crystalline NiS0.5Se0.5 Nanorods for High Current-density Electrocatalytic Water Splitting in Neutral Media

It is vitally important to develop highly active, robust and low-cost transition metal-based electrocatalysts for overall water splitting in neutral solution especially at large current density. In this work, amorphous Mo-doped NiS_0.5Se_0.5 nanosheets@crystalline NiS_0.5Se_0.5 nanorods (Am−Mo−NiS_0.5Se_0.5) was synthesized using a facil one-step strategy. In phosphate buffer saline solution, the Am−Mo−NiS_0.5Se_0.5 shows tiny overpotentials of 48 and 209 mV for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), 238 and 514 mV for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at 10 and 1000 mA cm⁻², respectively. Moreover, Am−Mo−NiS_0.5Se_0.5 delivers excellent stability for at least 300 h without obvious degradation. Theoretical calculations revealed that the Ni sites in the defect-rich amorphous structure of Am−Mo−NiS_0.5Se_0.5 owns higher electron state density and strengthened the binding energy of H₂O, which will optimize H adsorption/desorption energy barriers and reduce the adsorption energy of OER determining step.     

SrAu0.5Pt0.5 and CaAu0.5Pt0.5, analogues to the respective Ba compound,but featuring purely intermetallic behaviour

Both, SrAu_0.5Pt_0.5 and CaAu_0.5Pt_0.5, have been synthesized by reaction of corresponding mixtures of the pure elements at 1223 K in an argon atmosphere, and characterized by single-crystal X-ray analysis as well as by magnetic susceptibility and electric resistivity measurements. The new compounds crystallize in the CrB type of structure and thus are isostructural to BaAu_0.5Pt_0.5 (SrAu_0.5Pt_0.5: Cmcm; a = 4.262(1) Å; b = 11.435(3) Å; c = 4.632(1) Å; Z = 4; CaAu_0.5Pt_0.5: Cmcm; a = 3.9858(4) Å; b = 10.920(1) Å; c = 4.5249(5) Å; Z = 4). SrAu_0.5Pt_0.5 as well as CaAu_0.5Pt_0.5 are poor metallic conductors with ρ_300K = 0.95 mΩ.cm and ρ_300K = 3.93 mΩ.cm, respectively, and featuring diamagnetic behaviour.According to ESCA measurements SrAu_0.5Pt_0.5 and CaAu_0.5Pt_0.5 both can be formulated as having intermetallic character, showing a negligible electron transfer from alkaline earth metals to the noble metals.     

Magnetoelectric perovskite (Bi0.5Pb0.5)(Fe0.5Zr0.5)O3: Preparation,structural and magnetic properties

The perovskite (Bi_0.5Pb_0.5)(Fe_0.5Zr_0.5)O₃ was synthesized by solid-state reaction in an attempt to find magnetoelectric materials, in which ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism coexist. This complex perovskite has been studied by X-ray and neutron powder diffraction in combination with magnetic measurements. The compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbam with a ～ √2a_p, b ～ 2√2a_p and c ～ 2a_p (with a_p ～ 4.057 Å). The field and temperature dependence of the magnetization combined with neutron diffraction data showed antiferromagnetic behavior with the Neel temperature, T_N ～ 450 K. Rietveld refinements of neutron powder diffraction data collected at different temperatures, between 10 and 700 K, have been carried out in order to extract information about the thermal evolution of the nuclear and magnetic structures. A distorted orthorhombic perovskite structure was found within the whole temperature interval. The Bi/Pb and Fe/Zr ions were found to be partially ordered over the perovskite A-site and disordered over the B-site. The neutron diffraction patterns of the (Bi_0.5Pb_0.5)(Fe_0.5Zr_0.5)O₃ sample showed evidence of a long-range magnetic ordering below T_N with a propagation vector k = (0,0,0) and an antiferromagnetic arrangement of the magnetic moments of the Fe³⁺ cations in the B-site. This is consistent with an A_y-type magnetic structure. The factors governing the structural and magnetic properties of (1 ? x)BiFeO₃–xPbZrO₃ solid solutions are discussed and compared with those of pure BiFeO₃ and PbZrO₃. A solid solution strategy for developing magnetoelectric properties in BiFeO₃-based compounds is described, with the aim of realizing both a spontaneous polarization and magnetization at room temperature.     

Ultra-incompressible Ternary Diborides Re_（0.5）Ir_（0.5）B_2,Re_（0.5）Tc_（0.5）B_2,Os_（0.5）W_（0.5）B_2 and Os_（0.5）Ru_（0.5）B_2：Density Functional Calculation

In this paper, density functional computations have been applied to the structural, elastic and electronic properties of ternary transition metal diborides Re0.5Ir0.5B2, Re0.5Tc0.5B2, Os0.5W0.5B2 and Os0.5Ru0.5B2 in hexagonal (P63/mmc) and orthorhombic (Pmmn) structures with both local density approximation and generalized gradient approximation. LDA gives smaller lattice parameters and larger elastic moduli than GGA. Both results show that the hexagonal ones are more stable than orthorhombic ones except Os0.5Ru0.5B2. Moreover, the hexagonal structure has superior elastic property than orthorhombic one. Generally speaking, the calculated elastic moduli of Re0.5Ir0.5B2 and Os0.5Ru0.5B2 are smaller than those values of Re0.5Tc0.5B2 and Os0.5W0.5B2 within the same structure because of the filling of antibonding states. The relativistic effects result in weaker bonds of Tc-B (Ru-B) than those of Re-B (Os-B). All the diborides are ultra-incompressible. Re0.5Tc0.5B2 has the largest shear modulus and it is a promising superhard diboride like Os0.5W0.5B2. The elastic properties are in high correlation with the bond strength. The shear moduli are more sensitive than the bulk moduli to the bond strength.     

Effect of ZnO on sintering and microwave dielectric properties of 0.5CaTiO3-0.5 (Li0.5La0.5) TiO3 ceramics

The novel calcium titanate-lithium lanthanum titanate doped with zinc oxide (0.10, 0.30, and 0.50 mol. %) ceramic samples were prepared by solid-state reaction route. The phase formation, microstructure, densification, and microwave dielectric properties were investigated. It was found that the doping with zinc oxide led to a decrease in sintering temperature by 25 ^oC as compared with pure calcium titanate lithium lanthanum titanate due to the liquid phase effect. Also, the calcium titanate lithium lanthanum titanate (10ZCTLLT&30ZCTLLT)) doped with lower zinc oxide (0.10 and 0.30 mol. %) led to higher densification parameter. This was followed by increasing the zinc oxide doping up to (0.50 mol. %) which resulted in a decrease in densification and microwave dielectric properties which may be attributed to increase in porosity and grain growth upon the evaporation of zinc and oxygen vacancy. This led to the increase in dielectric loss (≈10 × 10^?4) value with 50ZCTLLT. Hence, the best result of microwave dielectric characteristics was obtained for 0.5CaTiO₃–0.5(Li_0.5La_0.5)TiO₃ with (0.10 and 0.30 mol. % ZnO) 10ZCTLLT and 30ZCTLLT ceramic samples sintered at 1175 ^oC/2h, with low dielectric constant (ε_r) = 4.4–10.5, very low dielectric loss = 1.07-2.23 × 10^?4 and high quality factor (Q x ?) ≈59-55 × 10⁴ at 8 GHz. Consequently, they can be used not only in wireless satellite communications technology but also can be used in the fifth-generation telecommunication 5G technology construction.     

稀土取代的复合氧化物Eu_（0．5）RE_（0．5）Fe_（0．5）Mn_（0．

利用固相反应合成了稀土取代的复合氧化物Ｅｕ_（０．５）ＲＥ_（０．５）Ｆｅ_（０．５）Ｍｎ_（０．５）Ｏ_３（ＲＥ＝Ｌａ，Ｐｒ，Ｎｄ，Ｓｍ，Ｇｄ，Ｔｂ，Ｄｙ，Ｈｏ，Ｅｒ，Ｔｍ，Ｙｂ）．测量了这些化合物的ＸＲＤ和ＸＰＳ谱。在ＸＰＳ研究中发现，稀土取代而使稀土元素本身的结合能相对于其倍半氧化物中的有所降低；在取代的复合氧化物中，随着ＲＥ离子半径的减小，Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ的结合能随之增加。     

Synthesis and structure of CsLi0.5Al0.5PO4

A new phosphate CsLi_0.5Al_0.5PO₄ with a structure related to the β-tridymite structure has been synthesized by a precipitation method. X-ray powder diffraction, electron probe microanalysis, second harmonic generation of laser radiation, and IR spectroscopy have been used for studying the compound. Differential scanning calorimetry shows that the synthesized phosphate undergoes phase transitions at T _tr = 68 and 130°C. The crystal structure of CsLi_0.5Al_0.5PO₄ was refined on the basis of X-ray powder diffraction data by the Rietveld method in space group P2₁/a (Z = 8) with the unit cell parameters a = 17.8323(3) Å, b = 5.4250(1) Å, c = 9.3666(2) Å, β = 89.984(8)°, V = 906.10(9) ų.