α-单取代-1,2-环十二二酮单肟的合成及晶体结构

通过α-单取代环十二酮与亚硝酰氯反应合成了一系列α-单取代-1,2-环十二二酮单肟,它们的结构经1H NMR,13C NMR,ESI-MS和元素分析确证.X射线衍射和量子力学计算结果表明,α-单取代环十二酮与亚硝酰氯反应生成α-单取代-1,2-环十二二酮单肟时,生成产物具有[4233]-3-酮和[3333]-2-酮两种...     

环香叶烷型化合物在金属团簇表面吸附的结构和电子性质

采用密度泛函理论中的B3LYP方法对环香叶烷型代表性化合物紫罗兰酮进行了理论研究,尤其是研究了其在银团簇表面吸附的几何结构、电荷转移、红外光谱和电子亲和能等性质.结果表明,α-紫罗兰酮的吸附位点在C=O键上,而β-紫罗兰酮吸附位点在C=C(主要)和C=O键上,并且这两种结构上的电荷都转移向银团簇,说明此银团簇可以作为较强的吸电子基存在.同时,由于银团簇较强的吸电子特性,导致红外光谱发生"红移".研究也发现两种紫罗兰酮在团簇表面的吸附使得其电子亲和能变大,电离能变小,而吸附能的计算结果表明α-紫罗兰酮与银团簇形成的配合物更加稳定.这些研究为探索其在化学和医学领域的潜在应用提供了重要的理论参考.     

C_(60)环酮衍生物C_(66)H_8O与C_(67)H_(10)O顺反异构体的结构及光谱研究

用AM1，INDO/CI方法研究了C60与2-环己烯-1-酮和2-环庚烯-1-酮[2+2]环加成所得衍生物C_(66)H8O和C67H1O的结构。结果表明，两种衍生物的顺反异构体都只具有C1对称，C66H8O的顺式异构具有较低的能量和较小的偶极矩，C67H10的顺式并构体能量较低，但偶极矩较大，以优化构型为基础，计算加成产物的UV谱，对电子跃迁进行了理论指认，并分析了光谱移动的原因。     

具有生物活性的4-色满酮衍生物的合成进展

4-色满酮衍生物在自然界中广泛存在,大多数都具有生物活性。具有生物活性的4-色满酮衍生物又大多具有手性,尤其C2位置。有关它们的不对称合成引起了有机合成工作者的广泛关注。C2(手性)-4-色满酮衍生物合成的关键是C2手性中心的控制合成。本文根据4-色满酮衍生物构建方式的不同进行分类,概述了近十几年来合成C2(消旋或手性)4-色满酮衍生物的最新方法, 侧重讨论了合成立体结构专一的C2(手性)-4-色满酮的反应特点。     

6α-甲基副肾皮醇乙酸酯的合成

分析:C_(24)H_(34)O_6计算值%:C,68.87;H,8.19实验值%:C,68.87;H,7.82用合成副肾皮酮(Cortisone)的中间体(Ⅰ)为原料经七步合成6α-甲基副肾皮醇乙酸酯。     

Murai反应中芳香酮邻位C–H键活化的区域选择性的理论研究

钌催化剂RuH_2(CO)(PPh_3)_3使Murai反应中芳香酮β位C–H键的催化活化反应具有极高的产率与选择性.本文采用密度泛函(DFT)方法研究了钌配合物催化芳香酮邻位C–H键活化的反应机理,剖析了芳香酮C–H键活化反应中产生区域选择性的原因.计算结果表明,C–H键的活化位垒为1.1 kcal/mol,从反应动态学角度很好地解释了该反应的区域选择性.通过路径a与路径b的比较,发现C=C双键更容易插入到Ru–H键而不是Ru–C键中.另外,无论C–C键形成(C–C活化过程)出现在路径a的烯烃插入基元反应,还是出现在路径b的还原消除基元反应,C–C键形成步骤都是整个催化反应的决速步骤.与路径a和b比较,反应路径c中C–C键形成过程的空间位阻较大,能垒也更高.     

三乙胺促进的α-卤代酮C—C键断裂:合成α-乙酰氧基芳基酮（英文）

C—C键断裂在有机合成中有着重要的作用.报道了一种胺促进的α-卤代酮化合物C—C键断裂的新方法,该方法无需使用过渡金属催化剂以及氧化剂.采用这种方法以廉价的α-卤代酮化合物制备了多种α-乙酰氧基芳基酮化合物.     

对羟基苯乙酮及其类似物的烷羰C————C键的断裂

甲基、乙基、正丙基和苄基对羟苯基酮和6－羟基甲氢萘－1－酮经证实在合成乙二醇缩酮的条件下发生烷羰C－C键的断裂,而对羟基二苯酮、对羟基苯异丁酮和5－羟基二氢茚－1－酮却不发生这一断键反应。经推论这一断键反应首先是发生羟醛缩合,继以在酚羟基参与下引发烷羰C－C键断裂的;还应指出,也是由于对位羟基的参与,这些烷基对羟苯基酮不形成它们的乙醇缩酮。     

烯胺酮α-官能团化反应的研究进展

烯胺酮是一类非常重要的有机合成砌块,具有易获得、储存方便、反应多样性等优点.更重要的是,烯胺酮是许多杂环化合物的重要前体.最近,通过C—H活化对烯胺酮进行过渡金属催化或无过渡金属的α-官能团化反应已成为构建官能化烯胺酮或杂环化合物的一种更为原子和步骤经济的策略,并引起了许多有机化学家的关注.根据成键类型,该综述分为五个部分:C—C键的形成、C—O键的形成、C—N键的形成和C—X键的形成以及C—S/C—Se键的形成.主要对烯胺酮α位官能团化反应进行了综述,从反应机理、反应体系、底物范围等角度系统地综述了烯胺酮α位官能团化反应的进展.     

脂肪酮和脂肪酰卤羰基17O-NMR化学位移的规律

提出计算脂肪酮和脂肪酰卤羰基17O-NMR化学位移的公式:δcal=δOn+Δα+C,通过线性回归法确定了22种取代基参数.经回归检验表明该公式计算结果置信度为99.5%,与实验值的偏差Δδ在10.0以内的羰基17O-NMR化学位移计算值在90%左右.     

Differential EI fragmentation pathways for peracetylated C-glycoside ketones as a consequence of bicyclic ketal ring structures

Several C-glycoside ketones and peracetylated C-glycoside ketones have been synthesized from 13 structurally-diverse aldoses sugars (including isotope labeled [1-(13)C]Glc, [U-(13)C]Glc, and [6, 6'-(2)H(2)]Glc) via an aqueous-based Knoevanagel condensation with aliphatic 1,3-diketones. Sodium adduct molecular ions observed by MALDI-TOF MS confirmed that the reactions are essentially quantitative, and that the acetylation products are the expected peracetylated C-glycoside ketones, rather than cyclized ketofurans. Analysis of the peracetylated C-glycoside ketones by gas chromatography-EI-MS show characteristic fragment ions that have been assigned to four distinct fragmentation pathways. Peracetylated aldohexose-, aldopentose-, and 6-deoxyaldohexose-C-glycoside ketones fragment via gas phase furanoid intermediates. These data, and DFT calculations, indicate that the furanoid intermediates arise because the peracetylated C-glycoside ketones adopt a bicyclic structure containing a 5-member ketal ring. This ketal ring is the precursor of the furanoid rings in the gas phase. The 2-deoxyhexose-C-glycoside ketones are unable to form an intramolecular 2-ketal bond, and therefore undergo ion fragmentations via nonfuranoid pathways.     

直接衍生离子液体富集高效液相色谱分析水基胶中脂肪族醛酮

建立了以2,4-二硝基苯肼(DNPH)直接衍生,1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐(［BMIM］PF6)萃取富集,高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析水基胶中痕量脂肪族醛酮的方法。分散的水基胶乳液用80 mg/L DNPH衍生化试剂(含0.44 mol/L磷酸)于40 ℃衍生18 min。取离心后的上层衍生液,加入0.5 mL ［BMIM］PF6于30 ℃萃取富集,离子液体相过滤后进行HPLC分析。采用Dionex Acclaim Explosives E2色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm),以水-乙腈为流动相在流速1.2 mL/min进行梯度洗脱,色谱柱温度为35 ℃,检测波长为365 nm。结果表明,8种脂肪族醛酮的检出限为0.022～0.221 mg/kg,定量限为0.073～0.738 mg/kg,相对标准偏差为3.5%～7.3%,回收率为84.0%～102.5%。与溶剂萃取法相比,该法具有检出限和定量限低、稳定性高、测定更准确的优势。     

Nafion-H?: A recyclable and diastereoselective solid acid catalyst for three-component mannich reaction

One-pot, three-component Mannich reactions of ketones, aldehydes and amines are efficiently catalyzed by heterogeneous Nafion-H? ambient temperature to give the corresponding ??-amino ketones compounds in good to excellent yields. The catalyst can be easily recovered and reused without any decrease of activity for at least four times. Diastereoselective products can be obtained in Mannich reaction of aliphatic ketone.     

Enantioselective Iridium‐Catalyzed Allylation of Acetylenic Ketones via 2‐Propanol‐Mediated Reductive Coupling of Allyl Acetate: C14‐C23 of Pladienolide D

Highly enantioselective catalytic reductive coupling of allyl acetate with acetylenic ketones occurs in a chemoselective manner in the presence of aliphatic or aromatic ketones. This method was used to construct C14‐C23 of pladienolide D in half the steps previously required.     

C2轴对称樟脑磺酰胺基醇配体催化环己烯乙炔对酮的不对称加成反应

应用C2轴对称的樟脑磺酰胺基醇配体和Cu(OTf)2催化带官能团的环己烯乙炔对酮的不对称加成反应. 芳香酮、脂肪酮和杂环酮都适用于此体系, 并且在室温下最高e.e.值约为89%, 其中脂肪酮首次被应用于此反应, 极大地扩展了底物的范围. 研究结果表明, 脂肪酮的立体位阻对反应的对映选择性起着至关重要的作用.     

Spectroscopie RMN du Carbone-13 de Thiocétones Aliphatiques: Propanethione et Dérivés,Thiocétones Bicycliques et α Cyclopropaniques

Carbon-13 NMR spectra of various aliphatic ketones and thioketones were determined and interpreted. As shown by the relation between ¹³C chemical shifts in C=A groups, the C=S is more sensitive to the substituents than the C=O group. Conjugative effects are more pronounced in α-cyclopropyl thioketones than in α-cyclopropyl ketones.     

New and effective proline-based catalysts for asymmetric aldol reaction in water

New proline diamide organocatalysts with Pro-Phe peptide bonds were synthesized and their catalytic activities in asymmetric direct aldol reactions of aliphatic ketones with aromatic aldehydes were investigated. Catalyst 6a showed good enantioselectivity at 0?°C in the presence of p-nitrobenzoic acid as cocatalyst in water.     

Cyclometalated Ruthenium Pincer Complexes as Catalysts for the α-Alkylation of Ketones with Alcohols

Ruthenium PNP pincer complexes bearing supplementary cyclometalated C,N-bound ligands have been prepared and fully characterized for the first time. By replacing CO and H⁻ as ancillary ligands in such complexes, additional electronic and steric modifications of this topical class of catalysts are possible. The advantages of the new catalysts are demonstrated in the general α-alkylation of ketones with alcohols following a hydrogen autotransfer protocol. Herein, various aliphatic and benzylic alcohols were applied as green alkylating agents for ketones bearing aromatic, heteroaromatic or aliphatic substituents as well as cyclic ones. Mechanistic investigations revealed that during catalysis, Ru carboxylate complexes are predominantly formed whereas neither the PNP nor the CN ligand are released from the catalyst in significant amounts.     

Metal catalyst-free direct α-iodination of ketones with molecular iodine

Ketones are directly converted to the corresponding α-iodoketones in good yields with molecular iodine under metal catalyst-free conditions. A significant difference in the reactivities was observed for aliphatic and aromatic ketones; whereas aliphatic ketones reacted smoothly at room temperature giving a mixture of 1-iodo, 3-iodo and 1,3-diiodoketones with predominant formation of the 3-iodo product, the α-iodination of aromatic ketones proceeded conveniently under heating to give good yields of α-iodo products.     

A new spot test for aliphatic aldehydes and ketones

A new spot test for aliphatic aldehydes and ketones has been developed utilizing free-radical formation. Aliphatic aldehydes are detected in the range of 0.2–200 μg while aliphatic ketones are detected from 100–2000 μg. Benzaldehyde was the only other compound tested that gave a positive result.