稀土催化乙烯/苯乙烯链穿梭共聚合

链穿梭聚合作为一锅法合成多嵌段聚合物的策略引起人们的研究兴趣.然而,其催化体系的构建难度大,导致实现链穿梭聚合的单体有限.本文基于三异丁基铝作链转移剂时,稀土金属配合物1催化乙烯/苯乙烯共聚合,得到富含乙烯/苯乙烯交替序列的共聚物且链转移效率接近100%的发现,开展了乙烯/苯乙烯链穿梭聚合的研究.首先探索配合物2催化乙烯/苯乙烯共聚合,发现所得共聚物中苯乙烯结构单元的含量4%,因此考察了在不同烷基铝用量时,配合物2催化乙烯均聚合的行为,发现所得聚乙烯的分子量随着[Al]_0/[2]_0增加呈指数降低,幂指数为-0.778,表明链转移效率低于100%.采用1/2/Al~iBu_3三元体系催化乙烯/苯乙烯共聚合得到双峰分布的聚合物,说明链穿梭聚合没有实现.进一步筛选发现,配合物3催化乙烯/苯乙烯共聚合时,随着[Al]_0/[3]_0增加,所得富间规聚苯乙烯序列共聚物的分子呈量指数降低,幂指数为-1.097,接近-1,表明链转移效率接近100%;同时催化体系的TOF值减小.当[Al~iBu_3]_0/[1+3]_0≥20时,1/3/Al~iBu_3三元体系催化乙烯/苯乙烯共聚合得到单峰分布的乙烯/苯乙烯交替序列和富间规聚苯乙烯序列的多嵌段共聚物,说明成功实现了乙烯/苯乙烯链穿梭共聚合.通过调节1和3的比例,有效调控了共聚物中乙烯/苯乙烯交替序列和富间规聚苯乙烯序列的组成.     

单茂钪催化乙烯与苯乙烯衍生物共聚合的研究

以(C5Me4Si Me3)Sc(CH2C6H4NMe2-o)2和[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4]组成的单茂钪催化体系,考察了其催化不同取代基团苯乙烯衍生物均聚合以及与乙烯共聚合的性能.结果表明单茂钪催化体系可以催化对甲基苯乙烯和对乙烯苯基二甲基硅烷均聚合,高活性(106g聚合物(mol Sc)-1h-1)地获得高间规聚合物;催化二乙烯基苯和乙烯苯基-1-丁烯聚合会发生不同程度的交联反应.在1.01×105Pa乙烯压力下,单茂钪催化体系分别催化对甲基苯乙烯、对乙烯苯基二甲基硅烷与乙烯与共聚合,获得了组成和分子量可控的乙烯/对甲基苯乙烯、乙烯/对乙烯苯基二甲基硅烷共聚物,共聚合活性高达106g聚合物(mol Sc)-1h-1.通过1H-NMR、13CNMR、GPC和DSC对共聚物组成、结构和热性能进行了分析表征.结果表明,在1.01×105Pa乙烯压力下改变苯乙烯衍生物的用量,共聚物中对甲基苯乙烯或对乙烯苯基二甲基硅烷的摩尔含量可以在8 mol%~55 mol%间调控,共聚物含有间规聚对甲基苯乙烯嵌段或间规聚对乙烯苯基二甲基硅烷嵌段、聚乙烯嵌段和乙烯-苯乙烯衍生物的链接序列,共聚物分子量(Mn)可以在3×104~16×104间调控,共聚物具有约127℃的熔点.     

非茂钯催化剂催化乙烯/丙烯/ω-Cl-α-乙烯基单体三元共聚合的研究

本文探索了乙烯/丙烯/极性单体三元共聚物的合成方法.乙烯/丙烯/ω-Cl-α-乙烯基单体三元共聚物由于分子中引入了ω-Cl-α-乙烯基极性单体,改变了乙烯丙烯共聚物的化学惰性.我们采用催化剂Cat.L-Pd配位催化乙烯/丙烯/ω-Cl-α-乙烯基单体三元共聚合,合成了极性三元无规共聚物.探讨了催化剂结构、聚合条件对三元共聚合行为的影响,并优化了聚合条件.采用红外光谱(FTIR)、核磁共振碳谱(氢谱)(~(13)C(~1H)NMR)、示差扫描量热(DSC)和高温凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)等方法研究了共聚物的结构与性能.FTIR与~(13)C(~1H)NMR结果表明,催化剂Cat.L-Pd能够有效催化乙烯/丙烯/ω-Cl-α-乙烯基单体三元共聚合,共聚物中ω-氯代极性单体的插入量达3.6 mol%.极性单体不发生均聚合反应,但能够有效参与乙烯和丙烯的共聚合反应,形成三元无规共聚物.丙烯能够发生均聚合反应,但是不能形成聚丙烯长链段,主要发生乙烯与丙烯共聚合反应.乙烯最易发生聚合反应,并能够形成较长链段的聚乙烯.共聚物的Mw高于2×10~5g/mol.分子量分布在1.6～3.0,说明该类催化剂催化乙烯/丙烯/ω-Cl-α-乙烯基单体三元共聚合行为遵循单中心聚合机理.     

球形氯化镁-乙醇络合物纳米颗粒的制备及其自组装

乙醇与氯化镁按摩尔比为20∶1的比例混合,升温至120℃溶解形成氯化镁醇溶液后,将氯化镁醇溶液冷却至70℃转移至处于搅拌状态的冷却液中,经过滤、正己烷洗涤、干燥后得到球形氯化镁-乙醇络合物纳米颗粒.经TEM表征颗粒粒径在30～100 nm之间.这种氯化镁-乙醇络合物纳米颗粒可在室温自组装,形成纳米线.WAXD结果表明,制备的球形氯化镁-乙醇络合物纳米颗粒的结晶行为受到影响,与纯氯化镁相比,氯化镁-乙醇络合物纳米颗粒的结晶度低.这种氯化镁-乙醇络合物纳米颗粒可作为Ziegler-Natta催化剂的载体材料,制备的催化剂可高效催化乙烯聚合,合成聚乙烯微纳米颗粒.     

接枝共聚物的合成及表征

本工作以阴离子聚合得到的末端具有不饱合双键的聚苯乙烯大分子单体与乙烯、丙烯在钒催化体系下共聚合,得到乙丙橡胶(EPR)为主干、聚苯乙烯(PS)为支链的新型热塑弹性体。探讨了聚合条件对大分子单体共聚合反应及产物结构的影响。     

稀土催化丁二烯-异戊二烯共聚合过程中的原位环化反应

稀土催化剂;环聚反应;稀土催化丁二烯-异戊二烯共聚合过程中的原位环化反应     

钛系Ziegler—Natta催化剂下的丙烯α—烯烃的共聚合

研究了ＴｉＣｌ４／ＭｇＣｌ２－三乙基铝高效载体催化体系下的丙烯／癸烯－１共聚及δ－ＴｉＣｌ３－氯二乙基铝催化体上的丙烯／辛烯－１共聚合的基本反应规律，考察了铝钛比、温度、共聚单浓度等对共聚合的影响，对比了两种催化体系的不同，利用非均相Ｚｉｅｇｌｅｒ－Ｎａｔｔｚ催化体系下共聚合的非稳态扩散动力学的观点，解释了观察到的共聚合催化效率增加，共聚物粒子增大等实验现象。     

用钛系载体高效催化剂进行乙烯-丙烯-1-丁烯三元共聚合的研究 Ⅰ.聚合条件对共聚合反应的影响

用多组份改性钛系载体催化剂TiCl_4,Ti(OBu)_4/MgCl_2/Ethylbenzeate(EB)/φ_2SiCl_2/AlEt_3进行了乙烯-丙烯-1-丁烯三元共聚合的研究。考察了单体进料比、聚合温度,烷基铝浓度和催化剂浓度等条件对共聚合的影响。发现本催化剂对乙丙丁三元共聚合有极高的催化效率,聚合1h达8.6×10~4g共聚物/g-Ti。共聚合速率衰减符合动力学方程:R_s=R_s+(R_0—R_s)_e~(βs)。     

镍系催化剂选择性催化乙烯二聚研究进展

1-丁烯和2-丁烯是重要的有机合成原料,可以通过金属催化剂选择性催化乙烯二聚合成丁烯.乙烯选择性二聚合成丁烯的催化剂通常有镍催化体系、钒催化体系、钨催化体系、铁或钴催化体系、钽催化体系以及钛催化体系等.近年来镍系催化剂催化乙烯选择性二聚取得了很大的进展,本论文对近年来镍系催化剂催化乙烯选择性二聚进行了综述.主要概述了[...     

钛系Ziegler－Natta催化剂下的丙烯／α－烯烃的共聚合

研究了ＴｉＣｌ＿４／ＭｇＣｌ＿２－三乙基铝（ＴＥＡ）高效载体催化体系下的丙烯／癸烯－１共聚及δ－ＴｉＣｌ＿３－－氯二乙基铝（ＤＥＡＣ）催化体系下的丙烯／辛烯－１共聚合的基本反应规律，考察了铝钛比、温度、共聚单体浓度等对共聚合的影响；对比了两种催化体系的不同，利用非均相Ｚｉｅｇｌｅｒ－Ｎａｔｔａ催化体系下共聚合的非稳态扩散动力学的观点，解释了观察到的共聚合催化效率增加，共聚物粒子增大等实验现象．     

Structure–property transition‐state model for the copolymerization of ethene and 1‐hexene with experimental and theoretical applications to novel disilylene‐bridged zirconocenes

Ethene homopolymerization and copolymerization with 1‐hexene were performed with three new tetramethyldisilylene‐bridged zirconocene catalysts with 2‐indenyl ligand ( A ), 2‐tetrahydroindenyl ligand ( B ), and tetramethyl‐cyclopentadienyl ligand ( C ) and with methylaluminoxane as a cocatalyst. Catalysts A and B showed substantial comonomer incorporation, resulting in a copolymer melting temperature more than 20° lower than that of the corresponding homopolymer. In contrast, catalyst C produced a copolymer with a low 1‐hexene content and a high melting temperature. The reduction in the molecular weight with 1‐hexene addition also correlated well with the comonomer incorporation. For all three catalysts, the homopolymer and copolymer unsaturations indicated frequent chain termination after 1‐hexene insertion and a high degree of chain‐end isomerization during the homopolymerization of ethene. The chain transfer to Al in the cocatalyst also appeared to be important. The comonomer response could be correlated with the structural properties of the catalyst, as derived from quantum chemical calculations. A linear model, calibrated against recent experiments with unbridged (Me_nC₅H_5?n)₂ZrCl₂ catalysts, suggested that the low comonomer incorporation obtained with catalyst C was caused partly by a narrow opening angle between the aromatic ligands and partly by steric hindrance in the transition state of comonomer insertion. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 1622–1631, 2003     

Substituent effect of bisindenyl zirconene catalyst on ethylene/1-hexene copolymerization and propylene polymerization

Nonbridged bis-substituted indenyl zirconene complexes were used as the catalysts for ethylene/1-hexene copolymerization and propylene polymerization. The complicated “comonomer effect” on the activity of ethylene/1-hexene copolymerization was observed. The effect also worked on the incorporation of comonomer. The number and the position of the substituents were important for the copolymerization behavior and the microstructure of the resultant copolymer as well as for propylene polymerization.     

HOMO- AND COPOLYMERIZATION OF ETHYLENE CATALYZED BY ANSA-METALLOCENES WITH DOUBLY HETERO-BRIDGES

Three ansa-metallocenes(Me_2C)(Me_2Si)Cp_2TiCl_2(1),[(CH_2)_5C](Me_2Si)Cp_2TiCl_2 (2)and (Me_2C)(Me_2Si)Cp_2ZrCl_2 (3)with larger dihedral angles and longer distance from metal to the center of Cp planes were synthesized and used as catalysts for ethylene polymerization in the presence of methylaluminoxane (MAO).In the case of ethylene polymerization,compared the feature structures of unbridged metallocenes, singly bridged metallocenes and doubly bridged metallocenes 1,2,3,there exhibit the relationship ...     

Ethylene-Propene Copolymerization with C_1-symmetric ansa-Fluorenyl-zirconocene Catalysts: Effects of Catalyst Structure and Comonomer on Molar Mass

Ethylene-propene copolymers have been synthesized by three C_1-symmetric metallocene molecules(1, 2, and 3), having tert-butyl substituents on the Cp moiety, on the fluorenyl moiety, or on both moieties, and methylaluminoxane(MAO) at different polymerization temperatures and monomer concentrations. Copolymers were investigated by ~(13) C-NMR, ~1 H-NMR, and SEC analyses. A relationship was found between [EEE]/[E] ratios and copolymer molar masses in each series: the higher the [EEE]/[E] ratio, the lower the copolymer molar mass. At parity of [EEE]/[E] ratio, copolymer molar mass follows the order 1 3 2. Chain end group analysis reveals that copolymers mainly terminate when propene is the last inserted unit, confirming that it is the greater facility of Mt-P-E-poly(E-co-P) to terminate that influences the copolymer molar mass. Among the catalysts considered, catalyst 1, which gives syndiospecific polypropene, gives greater activities, comonomer incorporation,and molar masses. Catalyst 3, which gives isospecific polypropene, in copolymerization performs better than 2, having the same bridge, with respect to activities, ethylene content, and molar masses. The good performance of this catalyst arises from the not necessity of polymer chain to back skip when ethylene is the last inserted unit.     

Preparation of ethylene/α-olefins copolymers using (2-RInd)2ZrCl2/MCM-41 (R:Ph,H) catalyst,microstructural study

(2-RInd)₂ZrCl₂ (R:Ph,H) catalyst was supported on MCM-41 and ethylene copolymerization behavior as well as microstructure of copolymers were studied. A steady rate–time profile behavior was observed for homo and copolymerization of ethylene using supported catalysts. It was noticed that increasing the comonomer content can result in lower physical properties. The obtained results indicated that (2-PhInd)₂ZrCl₂/MCM-41 had higher ability of comonomer incorporation than the non-substituted supported catalysts. The CCC, CCE, and ECC (C: comonomer, E: ethylene) triad sequence distribution in backbone of copolymers were negligible, that means no evidence could be detected for comonomer blocks. The polymer characterization revealed that utilizing 1-octene instead of 1-hexene as the comonomer leads to more heterogeneous distribution of chemical composition. The heterogeneity of the chemical composition distribution and the physical properties were influenced by the type of comonomer and catalyst. (2-PhInd)₂ZrCl₂/MCM-41 produced copolymers containing narrower distribution of lamellae (0.3–1 nm) than the copolymer produce using Ind₂ZrCl₂/MCM-41 (0.3–1.6 nm).     

Copolymerization of ethylene with 1‐hexene promoted by novel multi‐chelated non‐metallocene complexes with imine bridged imidazole ligand

A series of novel bridged multi‐chelated non‐metallocene catalysts is synthesized by the treatment of N,N‐imidazole, N,N‐dimethylimidazole, and N,N‐benzimidazole with n‐BuLi, 2,6‐dimethylaniline, and MCl₄ (M = Ti, Zr) in THF. These catalysts are used for copolymerization of ethylene with 1‐hexene after activated by methylaluminoxane (MAO). The effects of polymerization temperature, Al/M molar ratio, and pressure of monomer on ethylene copolymerization behaviors are investigated in detail. These results reveal that these catalysts are favorable for copolymerization of ethylene with 1‐hexene featured high catalytic activity and high comonomer incorporation. The copolymer is characterized by ¹³C NMR, WAXD, GPC, and DSC. The results confirm that the obtained copolymer features broad molecular weight distribution (MWD) about 33–35 and high 1‐hexene incorporation up to 9.2 mol %, melting temperature of the copolymer depends on the content of 1‐hexene incorporation within the copolymer chain and 1‐hexene unit in the copolymer chain isolates by ethylene units. The homopolymer of ethylene has broader MWD with 42–46. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 417–424, 2010     

Olefin copolymerization with metallocene catalysts. I. Comparison of catalysts

A number of metallocene/methylaluminoxane (MAO) catalysts have been compared for ethylene/propylene copolymerizations to find relationship between the polymerization activities, copolymer structures, and copolymerization reactivity ratio with the catalyst structures. Stereorigid racemic ethylene bis (indenyl) zirconium dichloride and the tetrahydro derivative exhibit very high activity of 10 ⁷ g (mol Zr h bar)^?1, giving copolymers having comonomer compositions about the same as the feed compositions, molecular weights increasing with the increase of ethylene in the feed, random incorporation of comonomers, and narrow molecular weight distribution indicative of a single catalytic species. Nonbridged bis (indenyl) zirconium behaved differently, favoring the incorporation of ethylene over propylene, producing copolymers whose molecular weight decreases with the increase of ethylene in the feed, broad molecular weight distribution, and a methanol soluble fraction. This catalyst system contains two or more active species. Simple methallocene catalysts have much lower polymerization activities. C_pTiCl₂/MAO produced copolymers with tendency toward alternation, whereas Cp₂HfCl₂/MAO gave copolymer containing short blocks of monomers.     

Influence of the catalyst on monomer insertion in the syndiospecific copolymerization of styrene and para‐methylstyrene

The effect of the kind of transition‐metal catalyst on the extent of comonomer insertion in the syndiospecific complex‐coordinative copolymerization of styrene and para‐methylstyrene has been investigated. The results for the influence of the polymerization conditions have shown that there is no real difference between solution copolymerization in toluene and solvent‐free styrene copolymerization in bulk, with respect to the reactivity ratio for para‐methylstyrene (r₂), under comparable conditions in the presence of methylaluminoxane and triisobutylaluminum and at low polymerization conversions. All the investigated catalysts lead to a preferred incorporation of para‐methylstyrene into the polymer chain in comparison with styrene and over the whole range of monomer compositions. The increasing capability of the different catalysts to provide copolymers with enhanced para‐methylstyrene concentrations can be summarized by the increasing r₂ values for the copolymerization in bulk as follows: η⁵‐pentamethylcyclopentadienyl titanium trichloride < η⁵‐octahydrofluorenyl titanium trimethoxide < η⁵‐octahydrofluorenyl titanium tristrifluoroacetate < η⁵‐cyclopentadienyl titanium(N,N‐dicyclohexylamido)dichloride < η⁵‐cyclopentadienyl titanium trichloride. For a correlation between the catalyst structure and the comonomer insertion, the catalysts can be described by electronic effects (electrostatic charge of the transition‐metal atom) and steric effects (minimum structural cone angle). The results show that the steric properties of the transition‐metal complexes have the most important effect on the insertion of para‐methylstyrene into the copolymer. If the minimum structural cone angle of the ligand of the transition‐metal catalyst decreases, the incorporation of the comonomer para‐methylstyrene increases significantly. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 2061–2067, 2005     

Melting behavior of polyethylene/α‐olefin copolymers: Narrow composition distribution copolymers and fractions from Ziegler–Natta and single‐site catalyst products

The melting temperature and heat of fusion were measured for an extensive series of compositionally uniform copolymers of ethylene with butene‐1, hexene‐1, and octene‐1. Fractions and whole polymers that exhibited minimal interchain compositional heterogeneity were from commercial copolymers made with either Ziegler–Natta (ZN) or single‐site metallocene catalysts. The present results do not support recent claims that ZN and corresponding metallocene catalyst copolymers melt at significantly different temperatures, nor the implication that comonomer incorporation is “blocky” in ZN copolymers. In five of the six comonomer/catalyst systems the dependencies of the melting temperature on comonomer type and amount were scarcely distinguishable. This common behavior is the same as that for a model random copolymer, so we conclude that most ethylene/α‐olefin copolymers have random distributions of ethylene sequences. The exception in the present study is a metallocene ethylene/butene‐1 copolymer that melts at lower temperatures and apparently has perceptibly alternating sequence distributions. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 3416–3427, 2004     

TiCl4/XROH/MgCl2/Et3Al催化剂合成宽分子量分布乙烯/1-己烯共聚物

采用MgCl₂负载TiCl₄及1,3-二氯-2-丙醇给电子体(XROH),与三乙基铝助催化剂组成的催化剂体系,合成了1-己烯共聚率高且宽分子量分布的乙烯/1-己烯共聚物。 讨论了催化体系的组成、配比和聚合条件对乙烯/1-己烯共聚合行为,共聚物结构、分子量及分子量分布的影响。 结果表明,n(Ti)∶n(Mg)=10∶1,n(XROH)∶n(MgCl₂)=2.6∶1,n(Al)∶n(Ti)=100∶1,乙烯压力0.45 MPa,聚合温度80 ℃,聚合时间2 h,共聚单体(1-hexene)浓度0.25 mol/L时,催化效率达23.2 kg/g cat。 采用¹³C NMR、X-ray、SEM、WAXD、DSC、GPC等测试技术对催化剂、共聚物的结构进行了表征。 结果表明,在Zieglar-Natta(Z-N)催化体系中,给电子体多卤代醇与TiCl4结合,载体MgCl2的晶体结构发生了变化。 结晶度降低,有利于催化剂负载量的提高(ω(Ti)=4.8%)和催化效率增大。 催化体系产生了多种活性中心,使聚烯烃分子量分布变宽(15~20)。 多卤代醇还可增强1-己烯与乙烯的共聚能力,在共聚物中1-己烯的摩尔分数达5.1%。