酸性离子液体的合成和光谱表征

合成了基于N-甲基咪唑、2-吡咯烷酮阳离子的两个Br nsted酸性离子液体系列:[Hmim]HSO4/BF4、[Hnhp]HSO4/BF4以及两种—SO3H功能化酸性离子液体1-(3-磺酸基)丙基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸氢盐([C3SO3Hmim]HSO4)、N-(3-磺酸基)丙基吡咯烷酮硫酸氢盐([C4SO4Hnnp]HSO4)。其中,[Hnhp]HSO4/BF4,[C4SO4Hnnp]HSO4是本实验设计合成的新型酸性离子液体,而咪唑类离子液体用于对照。上述6种离子液体均以核磁共振、电喷雾质谱、红外光谱和紫外光谱分析法对结构加以表征并确认;并以它们作为溶剂和催化剂对乙酸、乙醇酯化反应进行初步试验,结果表明所合成的新型酸性离子液体(尤其是引入磺酸基的)是酯化反应较理想的绿色液体酸催化剂。     

Bronsted酸性离子液体催化酯化反应研究

合成了以2-吡咯烷酮和N-甲基咪唑为阳离子([Hnhp] [Hmim] ),HSO4-,H2PO4-和BF4-为阴离子的一系列Br(o)Pnsted酸性离子液体.考察了这些离子液体的热稳定性和酸性.以乙酸和异戊醇酯化合成乙酸异戊酯的反应考察了不同离子液体分别在不分水与分水条件下的催化效果,结果表明.不分水时,当醇/酸/[Hnhp]HSO4物质的量比为1.2∶1∶0.2,100℃下回流反应2 h,酯收率可达93.6%,反应结束后[Hnhp]HSO4体系可以顺利分相,[Hnhp]BF4则不能;分水时,[Hnhp]BF4可与酯自动分相,当醇/酸/[Hnhp]BF4物质的量比为1.2∶1∶0.01,120℃下回流反应1.5 h时,酯收率可达96.8%,比相同条件下[Hnhp]HSO4的略高.这两种体系中的离子液体均具有良好的重复使用性能.实验中还探讨了不同离子液体的酸性和催化酯化反应后与酯产物的分相效果对其催化活性的影响,结果表明,离子液体的酸性和与酯的不可混溶性对其在不同体系中酯化反应的催化活性有不同程度的影响.此外,在上述不分水酯化条件(醇∶酸∶催化剂物质的量比均为1.2∶1∶0.2,100℃油浴)下回流浸渍6 h比较离子液体[Hnhp]HSO4/BF4,[Hmim]HSO4/BF4和硫酸对奥氏体316不锈钢的腐蚀性,测得离子液体腐蚀率比硫酸低;除了[Hnhp]BF4,离子液体[Hnhp]HSO4,[Hmim]HSO4和[Hmim]BF4的腐蚀性呈现随酸性递减而下降的趋势.所测离子液体中[Hnhp]BF4腐蚀性最高.[Hnhp]BF4和硫酸中试样的腐蚀率分别为20.1和41.8g/(m2·h).     

Brönsted酸性离子液体催化酯化反应研究

合成了以2-吡咯烷酮和N-甲基咪唑为阳离子([Hnhp]＋和[Hmim]＋), , 和 为阴离子的一系列Brönsted酸性离子液体. 考察了这些离子液体的热稳定性和酸性. 以乙酸和异戊醇酯化合成乙酸异戊酯的反应考察了不同离子液体分别在不分水与分水条件下的催化效果, 结果表明, 不分水时, 当醇/酸/[Hnhp]HSO4物质的量比为1.2∶1∶0.2, 100 ℃下回流反应2 h, 酯收率可达93.6%, 反应结束后[Hnhp]HSO4体系可以顺利分相, [Hnhp]BF4则不能; 分水时, [Hnhp]BF4可与酯自动分相, 当醇/酸/[Hnhp]BF4物质的量比为1.2∶1∶0.01, 120 ℃下回流反应1.5 h时, 酯收率可达96.8%, 比相同条件下[Hnhp]HSO4的略高. 这两种体系中的离子液体均具有良好的重复使用性能. 实验中还探讨了不同离子液体的酸性和催化酯化反应后与酯产物的分相效果对其催化活性的影响, 结果表明, 离子液体的酸性和与酯的不可混溶性对其在不同体系中酯化反应的催化活性有不同程度的影响. 此外, 在上述不分水酯化条件(醇∶酸∶催化剂物质的量比均为1.2∶1∶0.2, 100 ℃油浴)下回流浸渍6 h比较离子液体[Hnhp]HSO4/BF4, [Hmim]HSO4/BF4和硫酸对奥氏体316不锈钢的腐蚀性, 测得离子液体腐蚀率比硫酸低; 除了[Hnhp]BF4, 离子液体[Hnhp]HSO4, [Hmim]HSO4和[Hmim]BF4的腐蚀性呈现随酸性递减而下降的趋势. 所测离子液体中[Hnhp]BF4腐蚀性最高. [Hnhp]BF4和硫酸中试样的腐蚀率分别为20.1和41.8 g/(m2•h).     

吡咯烷酮酸性离子液体的合成及其对酯化反应的催化活性

合成并表征了 2-吡咯烷酮硫酸氢盐([Hnhp]HSO4)、 1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮硫酸氢盐([Hnmp]HSO4)、 1-甲基咪唑硫酸氢盐([Hmim]HSO4)、 1-(3-磺酸基)-丙基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸氢盐([C3SO3Hmim]HSO4)和1-(3-磺酸基)-丙基-2-吡咯烷酮硫酸氢盐([C3SO3Hnhp]HSO4)等以HSO-4为阴离子的质子酸离子液体,并以乙酸和正丁醇的酯化反应考察了这些离子液体的催化活性.结果表明,当n(n-BuOH):n(MeCO2H):n([C3SO3Hnhp]HSO4)=1.2:1:0.005,反应温度为120 ℃和反应时间为 1 h 时,酯收率可达99%以上;反应结束后离子液体与酯产物可分成两相,而且该离子液体重复使用8次,催化活性没有明显下降.探讨了阳离子结构及Brnsted酸性对催化活性的影响,考察了离子液体与酯化反应相关组分的互溶性.结果表明,离子液体的分相性能对催化效果有较大的影响,离子液体的催化活性与其酸性、溶解性密切相关.     

离子液体催化合成对羟基苯甲酸乙酯

采用酸性离子液体[C3SO3 Hmim] HSO4、[C4SO3 Hmim] HSO4和[C3SO3 Hnhm] HSO4代替浓硫酸为催化剂合成对羟基苯甲酸乙醇.考察了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量、酸醇摩尔比对该反应产率的影响及离子液体的重复使用性能.选择了最佳反应条件,以[C3SO3 Hnhm] HSO4作为催化剂...     

Brφnsted酸性离子液体催化合成阿司匹林

用Brφnsted酸性离子液体[Hmim]BF4、[bmim]HSO4和[bmim]H2PO4代替浓H2SO4为催化剂催化乙酸酐对水杨酸的乙酰化,合成阿司匹林。考察了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量、酐/醇摩尔比对水杨酸酰化反应产率的影响和离子液体的重复使用性能。选择了最佳反应条件,以[bmim]H2PO4作为催化剂,催化剂用量为0.28g(1.18×10-3mol),水杨酸2.762g(0.02mol),乙酸酐4.083g(0.04mol),n(酐)∶n(醇)=2∶1,反应时间30min,反应温度70℃,产率最高达63.43%,并且[bmim]H2PO4溶于水后通过过滤和旋蒸脱水,重复使用3次,产率无明显变化。     

BrΦnsted酸性离子液体掺杂聚苯胺的无溶剂制备及其表征

首先合成了两种带—SO3H官能团的Brφnsted酸离子液体([MIMPS][HSO4]和[PYPS][HSO4]),然后分别以这两种带—SO3H官能团的Brφnsted酸性离子液体做为掺杂剂,在无溶剂条件下通过机械化学聚合反应制备了掺杂导电态聚苯胺.由于带—SO3H官能团的Brφnsted酸性离子液体中H+可以单独以离子形式存在,因此可形成质子化导电态的翠绿亚胺盐,并以红外光谱、紫外可见-近红外、X-射线衍射、循环伏安和四探针技术等测试方法对聚苯胺进行了结构和性能表征.PANI-[MIMPS][HSO4]的结晶性、电导率和电化学活性要优于PANI-[PYPS][HSO4].     

咪唑类离子液体中合成β-烯胺酮的研究

本文通过修饰阴阳离子合成了一系列咪唑型离子液体,以β-烯胺酮的合成为反应探针,考察离子液体结构和活性之间的关系。结果表明:阴阳离子对离子液体的活性都有显著的影响。阴离子为BF4-时,阳离子活性顺序为[Hmim]+[bmim]+,[emim]+[bmmim]+,其中[Hmim]BF4作反应介质,反应时间为10min,产率可达96%。当阳离子为[Hmim]+时,阴离子BF4-,Tsa-,Br-和NO3-活性均较高,产率达到93%以上,但阴离子HSO4-显著降低离子液体的活性,反应30min,产物收率仅有60%;阳离子为[bmim]+时,[bmim]Br[bmim]PF6[bmim]BF4,产率达到85%以上;而阴离子为HSO4-和H2PO4-时,离子液体活性变差,收率低于70%。离子液体[Hmim]BF4重复使用5次,β-烯胺酮产率基本不变,反应10min后,仍达89%。     

Preparation of fructone catalyzed by water-soluble Brφnsted acid ionic liquids

Fructone(2-methyl-2-ethylacetoacetate-1,3-dioxolane),a flavouring material,has been synthesized from ethyl acetoacetate and glycol using five water-soluble Br(?)nsted acid ionic liquids as catalysts for the first time.The used Br(?)nsted acid ionic liquids include [Hmim]Tfa,[Hmim]Tsa,[Hmim]BF_4,[Bmim]HSO4,[Bmim]H_2PO_4,and[Hmim]BF_4 showed the highest catalytic activity for the preparation of fructone.After reaction,the product could be isolated from the reaction system automatically,and the ionic liquid could be directly reused without dehydration.     

Br(o)nsted酸性离子液体催化合成阿司匹林

用Brcnsted酸性离子液体[Hmim]BF4、[bmim]HSO4和[bmim]H2PO4代替浓H2SO4为催化剂催化乙酸酐对水杨酸的乙酰化，合成阿司匹林。考察了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量、酐／醇摩尔比对水杨酸酰化反应产率的影响和离子液体的重复使用性能。选择了最佳反应条件，以[bmim]H2PO4作为催化剂，催化剂用量为0．28g（1．18×10^-3mol），水杨酸2．762g（0．02mol），乙酸酐4．083g（0．04mol），n（酐）：n（醇）=2：1，反应时间30min，反应温度70℃，产率最高达63．43％，并且[bmim]H2PO4溶于水后通过过滤和旋蒸脱水，重复使用3次，产率无明显变化。     

Efficient cyclodehydration of diethylene glycol in Brønsted acidic ionic liquids

Cyclodehydration of diethylene glycol using various Brønsted acidic ionic liquids as dual solvent-catalysts has been studied for the first time. Better results were obtained in the presence of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([PSmim]HSO₄) compared with other Brønsted acidic ionic liquids. Effects of the reaction conditions such as reaction temperature, reaction time and molar ratio of ionic liquid to diethylene glycol have been investigated. High diethylene glycol conversion, 97.0 %, and high 1,4-dioxane selectivity, 89.3 %, were obtained in [PSmim]HSO₄ under optimum conditions. Hammett method was used to determine the acidity order of these ionic liquids and the results were consistent with the catalytic activities observed in the cyclodehydration reaction. Utilization of Brønsted acidic ionic liquids as dual solvent-catalysts has some advantages, e.g. high conversion of DEG, easy preparation and reuse of ionic liquids, avoiding toxic catalysts and solvents.     

An efficient one‐pot synthesis of bis‐indolylmethanes containing pyrazolyl catalyzed by Brønsted acidic ionic liquid under solvent‐free conditions

Brønsted acidic ionic liquid [PyNCH₂CO₂H][HSO₄] was found to be an effective catalyst for the condensation reactions of indoles with various 4‐formylpyrazoles to afford the corresponding bis‐indolylmethanes containing pyrazole under solvent‐free conditions. The satisfactory results were obtained with excellent yields, short reaction time, and simplicity in the experimental procedure. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).     

Ionic Liquid Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of 2H‐Pyridazino[1,2‐a]indazole‐1,6,9(11H)‐triones Via Three‐Component Reaction under Solvent‐Free Conditions

2H‐Pyridazino[1,2‐a]indazole‐1,6,9(11H)‐triones were synthesized through one‐pot, three‐component condesation of aldehydes, maleic hydrazide, and dimedone using a green and inexpensive Brönsted acidic ionic liquid 1‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone hydrosulfate ([Hnmp]HSO₄) as catalyst under solvent‐free conditions. The method provided several advantages such as milder conditions, shorter reaction time, high yields, and environmentally benign procedure.     

Direct sulfonylation of Baylis-Hillman alcohols and diarylmethanols with TosMIC in ionic liquid-[Hmim]HSO4: an unexpected reaction

A Brønsted acidic ionic liquid-[Hmim]HSO₄ promoted unexpected reaction of Baylis-Hillman alcohols and diarylmethanols with p-toluenesulfonylmethyl isocyanide (TosMIC) affording the corresponding sulfone derivatives instead of N-tosylmethyl amides is reported. After isolation of the product, the ionic liquid [Hmim]HSO₄ was easily recycled for further use.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Task‐Specific Ionic Liquids Possessing Two Brönsted Acid Sites

Abstract

Task‐specific ionic liquids possessing two Brönsted acid sites with –COOH, HSO^? ₄, or H₂PO^? ₄ groups have been designed, synthesized, and characterized. Under mild conditions and without any additional organic solvent, the esterification of isopropanol by chloroacetic acid could be carried out in these new task‐specific ionic liquids. In comparison with most of acidic ionic liquids in current use, these ionic liquids are halogen free and more environmentally benign as media and catalysts.     

吡啶离子液体催化作用下的FCC汽油烷基化脱硫

合成一种Brønsted酸性离子液体[BPY]HSO₄,采用红外光谱和核磁共振对其进行表征。以[BPY]HSO₄为催化剂,对FCC汽油进行烷基化脱硫,考察反应温度、反应时间和剂油质量比对脱硫效果的影响及脱硫前后FCC汽油性质的变化,并对[BPY]HSO₄进行了再生。结果表明,在反应温度为65 ℃、反应时间为90 min和剂油质量比为0.09的条件下,FCC汽油的硫含量从580.0 μg/g降至6.4 μg/g,脱硫率为98.90%,满足中国国Ⅴ车用汽油硫含量标准(<10 μg/g);脱硫前后硫分布变化表明,在[BPY]HSO₄的催化作用下,前170 ℃馏分油中硫化物大部分转移到后170 ℃重馏分中,重馏分中硫化物可采用加氢方法进行脱除;PONA组成变化表明,烷基化脱硫过程对FCC汽油的烃类组成影响较小,且脱硫前后辛烷值变化不大;[BPY]HSO₄经萃取再生后可循环使用。     

Brønsted酸性离子液体在醛醇缩合反应中的应用

合成了一系列Brønsted酸性离子液体并将其应用在醛醇缩合反应中.醛醇缩合产物由于极好的溶剂性质等被广泛用作溶剂和试剂.离子液体[BSmim][OTf]在甲醛和乙二醇缩合生成1,3-二氧五环的反应中表现出了极好的催化活性,甲醛转化率和主产物1,3-二氧五环选择性分别可以达到96.1%和92.4%.对影响离子液体催化性能的因素进行了探索,并对催化反应中的离子液体的用量、反应温度、反应时间以及反应物料比进行了考察.通过Hammett酸度函数法测定了所用到离子液体的酸性,结果表明离子液体酸性与其在缩合反应中的催化活性顺序完全一致,酸性越强催化性能越好.结合实验给出了离子液体[BSmim][OTf]催化甲醛和乙二醇缩合反应的可能的反应机理.该催化剂体系具有良好的催化性能,反应可以在较温和的条件下进行,实现了高活性和高选择性的目标,产物易分离,催化剂重复使用7次,其催化活性基本不变.并将该Brønsted酸性离子液体进一步应用到其他醛（酮）醇缩合反应中.     

Alkylation of phenol with isopropanol over MCM-49 zeolites

Four novel Br?nsted acidic ionic liquids with two different acid sites on the imidazolium cations were synthesized and employed as catalysts and media in the esterification of acetonitrile with alcohols. The results showed that [HSO₃-pHim]HSO4 was the most efficient catalyst and medium which could be recycled easily without obvious decline in the catalytic activity.     

Ionic liquid [Hmim]HSO4-promoted one-pot oxidative conjugate addition of sulfur-centred nucleophiles to Baylis-Hillman adducts

The first example of the one-pot oxidative conjugate addition of sulfur-centred nucleophiles to Baylis-Hillman adducts is reported. The reaction involves oxidation of Baylis-Hillman adducts with NaNO₃ in the Brønsted acidic ionic liquid [Hmim]HSO₄ to give [E]-α-cyanocinnamaldehydes followed by conjugate hydrothiocyanation/hydrosulfenylation with NH₄SCN/PhSH to afford the corresponding β-thiocyanato (or β-phenylsulfenyl)-α-cyanohydrocinnamaldehydes diastereoselectively in 76-89% yields in a one-pot procedure. After isolation of the product, the ionic liquid [Hmim]HSO₄ could be easily recycled for further use.