质谱及色谱-质谱联用技术在多糖结构分析中的应用

综述了从1968-2010年间质谱及色谱-质谱联用分析法在多糖结构分析中的应用,包括电子轰击质谱、化学电离质谱、快原子轰击质谱、电喷雾质谱、基质辅助激光解吸离子化质谱、气相色谱-质谱、液相色谱-质谱和毛细管电泳-质谱法(引用文献42篇)。     

复杂生物体系中蛋白质高效分离分析技术的新进展

继人类基因组计划完成之后,作为一种新的研究策略,蛋白质组学在生命科学研究中发挥着愈来愈重要的作用。由于生物体系的复杂性和多样性,使得分离效率高、灵敏度高、通量高和动态范围宽的分离分析技术平台的研究和应用已成为蛋白质组学研究的重点和热点之一。着重介绍了近年来应用日益广泛的多维色谱预分离、毛细管液相色谱-质谱联用、毛细管电泳及其与质谱联用等高效分离分析技术在复杂生物体系的蛋白质分析中的最新进展。引用相关文献40篇。     

β-内酰胺类抗生素分析检测技术及其应用研究进展

介绍了近10年来高效液相色谱(HPLC)、高效液相色谱.质谱联用(HPLC-MS)、高效毛细管电泳(HPCE)等现代分析技术在检测动物性食品和环境样品中β-内酰胺类抗生素残留的应用研究进展.     

《色谱原子光谱／质谱联用技术及形态分析》

元素形态分析是21世纪分析化学中发展最快的研究领域之一．而各种色谱（包括电泳）与原子光谱／质谱联用技术则是元素形态分析最有效的手段。本书详细介绍了自20世纪90年代以来联用技术及元素形态分析的研究成果及发展趋势。内容包括元素形态分析中的试样前处理技术、非色谱原子光谱／质谱联用技术、色谱（包括气相色谱、液相色谱、毛细管电泳）、原子光谱／质谱联用技术以及环境和生物体系中元素形态分析等。     

流动注射分析法与多种仪器分析联用的进展

对流动注射分析法(FIA)与多种仪器分析方法,包括分光光度法、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)、原子吸收光谱法(AAS)、化学发光法(CL)、荧光光度法、电化学分析法、生物传感器、毛细管电泳、免疫分析法等联用在最近两年中的新进展作了评述,引述文献42篇.     

生物检材中氯胺酮及其代谢物的分析方法研究进展

综述了生物检材中氯胺酮及其代谢物分析技术的进展,评述了液相萃取、固相萃取、固相微萃取、顶空固相微萃取、微波辅助萃取等技术在分析中的应用,以及薄层色谱、气相色谱、高效液相色谱、毛细管电泳及其联用检测技术、酶联免疫分析技术和太赫兹时域光谱等检测技术在分析生物检材中氯胺酮的优势和局限性,并展望了该领域研究的发展趋势.     

基于毛细管电泳技术的高灵敏度蛋白质组学技术发展

近年来,蛋白质组学技术在样品前处理、分离技术和质谱检测技术方面获得了快速发展,已经可以实现在几小时内对上万种蛋白的同时定性和定量分析。然而,目前的主流蛋白质组学技术仍无法满足极微量生物样品,尤其是单细胞样品的组学分析需求。毛细管电泳分离技术具有峰宽窄、柱效高、样品用量少等优势,是与高分辨质谱在线联用的理想选择之一。该文评述了集成化和在线样品前处理以及主流的纳升液相色谱-质谱联用系统在高灵敏度蛋白质组学分析领域的发展现状和挑战,认为该领域的重要技术挑战之一在于目前的纳升液相色谱分离已经无法完全匹配现代高分辨质谱超过40 Hz的超高扫描速度,从而导致质谱使用效率的降低。针对上述技术挑战,该文重点探讨了毛细管电泳-质谱联用技术的独特技术优势和潜在发展机遇,主要包括：（1）面向微量酶解多肽样品的高柱效毛细管电泳分离。通过采用毛细管电色谱可以进一步改善毛细管电泳柱容量不足的局限;（2）面向高灵敏度分析的无鞘液/鞘液接口开发;（3）高效毛细管电泳分离与高扫描速度质谱检测的协同化使用。总之,我们预期毛细管电泳-质谱联用技术的进一步发展有望在针对单细胞等超微量生物学样品的蛋白质组学分析中获得更广泛的应用。     

微囊藻毒素检测方法研究进展

综述了目前国内外微囊藻毒素检测方面的各种研究方法及成果,对高效液相色谱(HPLC)、液相色谱串联质谱(LC–MS)、气相色谱串联质谱(LC–MS)、毛细管电泳(CE)、薄层色谱(TLC)、生物法和生物化学法等检测方法存在的优缺点进行了评述,并展望了该研究领域的未来发展趋势。     

毛细管电色谱-激光诱导荧光联用技术进展

作为一种新兴的微分离技术,毛细管电色谱(CEC)结合了毛细管电泳的高效性和高效液相色谱高选择性的优点,近年来备受关注。本文简单介绍了CEC的基本原理、常用色谱柱和检测器。重点针对毛细管电色谱-激光诱导荧光检测联用技术进行了综述,包括该方法在生物、医药、环境等诸多领域的应用。     

多元素形态同时分析的研究进展

对近年来多元素形态同时分析的研究进展进行了评述,内容主要涉及气相色谱法、液相色谱法、毛细管电泳和光谱、质谱的联用技术,以及电化学分析法、中子活化分析法等非联用技术在多元素形态同时分析中的应用,简述了环境和生物样品中元素形态的分离富集方法,展望了多元素形态同时分析的发展前景(引用文献62篇)。     

药物分子设计和核酸的分子识别分析

分子识别分析理论应用于药物分子设计是新药开发的要求，也是分析化学一个极具潜力的发展方向，分子识别分析不仅为药物分子设计提供了生物大分子的组成，结构基基本信息，还为了解药物分子与生物大分子相互作用位点及作用方式提供了模型，本文评述了与药物分子设计中有关的核酸物质的分子识别分析，它们是设计好的抗癌药物的基础。     

Distance measurements on spin-labelled biomacromolecules by pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance

The biological function of protein, DNA, and RNA molecules often depends on relative movements of domains with dimensions of a few nanometers. This length scale can be accessed by distance measurements between spin labels if pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) techniques such as electron-electron double resonance (ELDOR) and double-quantum EPR are used. The approach does not require crystalline samples and is well suited to biomacromolecules with an intrinsic flexibility as distributions of distances can be measured. Furthermore, oligomerization or complexation of biomacromolecules can also be studied, even if it is incomplete. The sensitivity of the technique and the reliability of the measured distance distribution depend on careful optimization of the experimental conditions and procedures for data analysis. Interpretation of spin-to-spin distance distributions in terms of the structure of the biomacromolecules furthermore requires a model for the conformational distribution of the spin labels.     

高亲水性强阳离子交换色谱填料的制备及其在蛋白质分析中的应用

以具有双孔结构的聚甲基丙烯酸环氧丙酯(PGMA)微球为基质,以葡萄糖进行表面亲水改性,制备了强阳离子交换色谱填料,并将其用于复杂生命体系中生物大分子的快速而高效的分离、分析与纯化。葡萄糖亲水改性增进了填料的生物相容性,提高了蛋白质样品的回收率;双孔结构及较高的比表面积赋予填料良好的柱渗透性和样品负载量。以标准蛋白质为样品,考察了该填料对生物样品的分离性能。以100 mm×4.6 mm的色谱柱分离4种蛋白质,在6 min内实现了基线分离;以溶菌酶为样品,填料的吸附容量为39.5 g/L,在蛋白质快速分离纯化分析中显示了良好的应用前景。     

Polymethine dyes as spectral-fluorescent probes for biomacromolecules

It is known that polymethine dyes (PD) can form complexes with biomacromolecules, in which, as a rule, fluorescence buildup is observed. In addition, PD possess a unique property to form ordered aggregates of different types (dimers, H- and J-aggregates) both in the free state and on biomacromolecules as templates. This creates a basis for application of PD as spectral-fluorescent probes for biomacromolecules, which is a matter of this review. Besides, the review is devoted to studies of noncovalent interactions of PD with biomacromolecules: nucleic acids, proteins, and some others.     

New directions in the analysis of biomacromolecules — an overview of three recent developments

HPLC, biospecific affinity chromatography and electrophoresis have already made substantial contributions to the analysis of biomacromolecules. As further refinements are made in these methods, they will become routine tools for probing both the structure and function of such molecules.     

二维材料“遇见”生物大分子:机遇与挑战

二维材料的超薄原子层结构使其具有独特的力学性能、导热导电性以及巨大的比表面积,在能源存储、催化、传感和生物医学等领域引起了国内外学者的广泛关注。将二维材料与具有生物活性的生物大分子相结合可以为开发具有优异电学、力学和生物学功能的特种功能材料提供新的方法和途径。近年来,科研工作者针对这一方向展开了广泛的研究,取得了一系列重要的成果,使二维材料与生物大分子的结合与应用成为了新的研究热点。本文综述了近年来二维材料和生物大分子之间的相互作用及应用的研究进展,重点介绍了二维材料与生物大分子在分子水平上的相互作用机理,还总结了基于二维材料与生物大分子之间的相互作用在工程、疾病治疗和抗菌中的应用,并对其未来的研究趋势提出了展望。     

Embedding Functional Biomacromolecules within Peptide-Directed Metal–Organic Framework (MOF) Nanoarchitectures Enables Activity Enhancement

Rationally tailoring a robust artificial coating can enhance the life-time of fragile biomacromolecules. However, the coating also can restrain the activity of the guest because of the decreased substrate accessibility. Herein, we report a peptide-directed strategy that enables in situ tailoring of the MOF-shrouded biohybrids into controllable nanoarchitectures. The MOF biohybrid can be shaped from different 3D microporous architectures into a 2D mesoporous layer by a peptide modulator. Using this mild strategy, we show that the nanoarchitectures of the MOF coatings significantly affect the biological functions of the contained biomacromolecules. The biomacromolecules entrapped within the novel 2D mesoporous spindle-shaped MOFs (2D MSMOFs) have significantly increased bioactivity compared to when encased within the hitherto explored 3D microporous MOFs. The improvement results from the shortened diffusion path and enlarged pore channel in 2D MSMOFs. Meanwhile, the thin 2D MSMOF layer also can provide excellent protection of the hosted biomacromolecules or protein-scaffolded biominerals through structural confinement.     

Separation and recovery of nucleic acids with improved biological activity by acid‐degradable polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

One of the fundamental challenges in studying biomacromolecules (e.g. nucleic acids and proteins) and their complexes in a biological system is isolating them in their structurally and functionally intact forms. Electrophoresis offers convenient and efficient separation and analysis of biomacromolecules but recovery of separated biomacromolecules is a significant challenge. In this study, DNAs of various sizes were separated by electrophoresis in an acid‐degradable polyacrylamide gel. Almost 100% of the nucleic acids were recovered after the identified gel bands were hydrolyzed under a mildly acidic condition and purified using anion exchange resin. Further concentration by centrifugal filtration and a second purification using ion exchange column chromatography yielded 44–84% of DNA. The second conventional (non‐degradable) gel electrophoresis confirmed that the nucleic acids recovered from acid‐degradable gel bands preserved their electrophoretic properties through acidic gel hydrolysis, purification, and concentration processes. The plasmid DNA recovered from acid‐degradable gel transfected cells significantly more efficiently than the starting plasmid DNA (i.e. improved biological activity via acid‐degradable PAGE). Separation of other types of nucleic acids such as small interfering RNA using this convenient and efficient technique was also demonstrated.     

Embedding Functional Biomacromolecules within Peptide‐Directed Metal–Organic Framework (MOF) Nanoarchitectures Enables Activity Enhancement

Rationally tailoring a robust artificial coating can enhance the life‐time of fragile biomacromolecules. However, the coating also can restrain the activity of the guest because of the decreased substrate accessibility. Herein, we report a peptide‐directed strategy that enables in situ tailoring of the MOF‐shrouded biohybrids into controllable nanoarchitectures. The MOF biohybrid can be shaped from different 3D microporous architectures into a 2D mesoporous layer by a peptide modulator. Using this mild strategy, we show that the nanoarchitectures of the MOF coatings significantly affect the biological functions of the contained biomacromolecules. The biomacromolecules entrapped within the novel 2D mesoporous spindle‐shaped MOFs (2D MSMOFs) have significantly increased bioactivity compared to when encased within the hitherto explored 3D microporous MOFs. The improvement results from the shortened diffusion path and enlarged pore channel in 2D MSMOFs. Meanwhile, the thin 2D MSMOF layer also can provide excellent protection of the hosted biomacromolecules or protein‐scaffolded biominerals through structural confinement.     

Aggregation behavior of gemini surfactants and their interaction with macromolecules in aqueous solution

Gemini surfactants are constructed by two hydrophobic chains and two polar/ionic head groups covalently connected by a spacer group at the level of the head groups. Gemini surfactants possess unique structural variations and display special aggregate transitions. Their aggregation ability and aggregate structures can be more effectively adjusted through changing their molecular structures compared with the corresponding monomeric surfactants. Moreover, gemini surfactants exhibit special and useful properties while interacting with polymers and biomacromolecules. Their strong self-aggregation ability can be applied to effectively influence the aggregation behavior of both polymers and biomacromolecules. This short review is focused on the performances of gemini surfactants in aqueous solutions investigated in the last few years, and summarizes the effects of molecular structures on aggregation behavior of gemini surfactants in aqueous solution as well as the interaction of gemini surfactants with polymers and biomacromolecules respectively.