靶向喉癌的蜂毒肽重组抗体的构建及鉴定

利用大肠杆菌表达系统制备了重组融合蛋白antiEGFR/MEL,并用Ni2+层析柱对其进行了纯化.该重组蛋白中抗表皮生长因子受体(antiEGFR)单链抗体(scFv)主要靶向喉癌细胞中的EGFR,而蜂毒肽(MEL)主要抑制肿瘤细胞增殖.采用SDS-PAGE和Westernblot检测证明了antiEGFR/MEL的有效表达.共聚焦显微镜和流式细胞术实验结果表明,antiEGFR/MEL可与Hep-2肿瘤细胞有效结合,而几乎不与EGFR阴性的Jurkat细胞结合.噻唑蓝(MTT)检测结果说明,antiEGFR/MEL可有效抑制人喉癌细胞Hep-2的增殖.以上结果表明,antiEGFR/MEL能够有效靶向EGFR阳性肿瘤细胞,并有效抑制肿瘤细胞增殖,有望应用于EGFR靶向肿瘤治疗.     

新药研发:一项多学科协作的伟大团队工程——广州市力鑫药业有限公司研发总监赵桂龙研究员浅谈新药研发

<正>从2008年博士毕业参加工作至今,从事新药研发已经接近11个春秋。作为课题的主持人或主要领导者,我主持或领导了多个药化课题的研发工作,包括代谢性疾病药物、中枢神经系统疾病药物、心脑血管系统疾病药物等。在近11年的新药研发过程中,我越来越深刻地体会到新药研发是一项多学科协作的伟大工程。无论是早期的新药发现和临床前研究,     

糖基转移酶抑制剂研究进展

糖基转移酶是糖蛋白、糖脂中糖链生物合成的关键酶之一, 其活性的非正常表达与肿瘤、免疫系统等疾病的发生、发展有密切关系, 其抑制剂可以用于抗肿瘤、抗免疫系统等疾病的新药研发. 综述了近年来合成的各类糖基转移酶抑制剂的结构及活性研究进展.     

抗肿瘤纳米药物的设计与挑战

抗肿瘤纳米药物因能缓解传统小分子化疗药的全身毒性而进入临床应用.但目前研究的多数抗肿瘤纳米药物未能显著提高肿瘤治疗效果,因而止步于临床前或早期临床研究,如何显著提高疗效已成为下一代抗肿瘤纳米药物亟需解决的关键问题.分析体内肿瘤靶向过程可知,静脉注射的纳米药物需经过体内血液循环(C)、肿瘤蓄积(A)、肿瘤内渗透(P)、被细胞内吞(I)和在胞内释放(R)五步级联过程(即CAPIR cascade)才能在肿瘤细胞内发挥药效.使纳米药物的纳米特性包括稳定性(stability)、表面性质(surface properties)、尺寸(size)随输送过程各步的要求自主适应(self-adaptive)是纳米药物高效完成输送过程、获得高疗效的关键,但在肿瘤组织中渗透能力的天然缺失仍是纳米药物的"短板".在临床转化方面,体内安全性评价的复杂性和可控生产的复杂性是功能集成型纳米药物临床转化的瓶颈.同时,本文还介绍了我们最近提出的基于剥夺肿瘤信号分子的铜元素、使信号蛋白失活而达到抑瘤效果的新型类分子靶向药物.     

用高表达EGFR细胞膜色谱-HPLC/MS联用快速筛选独活中抗EGFR活性成分

报道了用高表达表皮生长因子受体细胞膜色谱与高效液相色谱/质谱在线联用方法(EGFR/CMC-online-HPLC/MS)快速筛选发现中药独活中的活性成分.实验中,采用高表达EGFR的细胞膜制备色谱固定相,建立EGFR/细胞膜色谱(EGFR/CMC)模型,利用柱切换和固相萃取技术,将EGFR/CMC模型与高效液相色谱/质谱(HPLC/MS)在线联用,构成一种新的可同时"识别-鉴定"目标成分的二维色谱系统,并应用于快速筛选独活中具有抗EGFR活性的目标成分.结果发现独活中的蛇床子素具有与对照药物达沙替尼类似的色谱保留特性,能够作用于EGFR;同时MTT及Elisa分析实验证实蛇床子素对HEK293EGFR细胞增殖及EGFR表达均有抑制作用.本文建立的EGFR/CMC-online-HPLC/MS二维色谱方法,可以选择性地从中药复杂体系中快速"识别-鉴定"目标组分,且筛选结果与特定生物效应显著相关.     

4-氯-6-甲氧基-7-(N-甲基-4-哌啶甲氧基)喹唑啉的合成

凡德他尼(vandetanib)是由阿斯利康公司研发的口服小分子多靶点酪酸激酶抑制剂,可同时作用于肿瘤细胞EGFR、VEGFR和RET酪氨酸激酶[1,2],2006年1月获欧洲罕见病药品委员会(COMP)批准推荐,用于治疗髓甲状腺癌、乳腺癌、骨髓瘤等[3].     

微流控芯片－质谱联用技术在细胞代谢与药物代谢中的研究进展

细胞代谢与药物代谢是新药筛选和研发的关键环节,在推动人类大健康发展进程中具有重要意义。通常情况下,细胞代谢和药物筛选以传统细胞培养测定研究为主,多为静态培养条件,无法很好地模拟体内细胞动态微环境。微流控芯片－质谱联用是近年发展起来的一种新型高通量分析技术。微流控芯片模块可高度模拟细胞体内动态微环境,与质谱联用可实时在线检测样品物质,具有高效、快速、简便、样品和试剂消耗低等特点,广泛应用于细胞代谢和药物代谢分析,有利于加速药物筛选研发进程。该文重点综述了微流控芯片－质谱联用技术及其在细胞代谢和药物代谢方面的应用概况,并对目前存在的局限性进行了讨论和展望,以期为微流控芯片－质谱联用技术在新药研发与细胞分析领域的发展提供参考。     

基于流式微球分析技术的超高灵敏度蛋白激酶活性分析

蛋白激酶引发的蛋白质磷酸化在细胞信号转导过程中发挥着极其重要的调控作用。研究表明,众多的人类疾病和蛋白激酶的活性异常密切相关,蛋白激酶也因而成为治疗癌症、炎症和其它免疫调控紊乱等复杂性疾病的重要药物靶点,开发、筛选小分子蛋白激酶活性抑制剂是当前新药研发的重要方向。因此,建立操作简单、成本低廉、灵敏度高的蛋白激酶活性检测方法是实现以蛋白激酶为靶点进行疾病诊断及新药开发的先决条件。传统激酶活性分析方法主要是依赖放射性32P标记或对特定磷酸化     

欧洲第四代自由电子激光源投入使用

<正>在当代科技领域,对高亮度、短脉冲、可调谐先进激光源的需求越来越多。先进的激光源,对新材料、生命科学、新药研发等领域的研究将不可或缺。位于意大利雅斯特(Trieste)的同步激光加速器(Sincrotrone)提供的高亮度、短脉冲同步光源,可在原子和分子层面详尽研究物质的表面结构和内在行为,是电子科学、环境保护、药物开发、医疗诊断、工程技术和纳米科技研发的     

新多肽配体GE11与表皮生长因子受体的结合能力分析

应用亲和毛细管电泳（ACE）分析方法,对表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）和新多肽配体GE11之间的结合能力进行分析。结果表明,EGFR与多肽配体GE11之间存在特异性相互作用,考察EGFR在不同浓度GE11溶液中的迁移情况,采用非线性、双倒数、Y-倒数和X-倒数4个数据处理方法得到较好的数据拟合,并测得结合常数。该文为筛选多肽配体以及测定受体与多肽配体之间的结合常数提供了简便的方法,将有力推动肿瘤靶向药物输送的研究。     

Multitargeted Platinum(IV) Anticancer Complexes Bearing Pyridinyl Ligands as Axial Leaving Groups

Although multitargeted Pt^IV anticancer prodrugs have shown significant activities in reducing drug resistance, the types of bioactive ligands and drugs that can be conjugated to the Pt center remain limited to O-donors. Herein, we report the synthesis of Pt^IV complexes bearing axial pyridines via ligand exchange reactions. Unexpectedly, the axial pyridines are quickly released after reduction, indicating their potential to be utilized as axial leaving groups. We further expand our synthetic approach to obtaining two multitargeted Pt^IV prodrugs containing bioactive pyridinyl ligands: a PARP inhibitor and an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor; these conjugates exhibit great potential for overcoming drug resistance, and the latter conjugate inhibits the growth of Pt-resistant tumor in vivo. This research adds to the array of synthetic methods for accessing Pt^IV prodrugs and significantly increases the types of bioactive axial ligands that can be conjugated to a Pt^IV center.     

EGFR/cell membrane chromatography-online-high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method for screening EGFR antagonists from Radix Angelicae Pubescentis

The intracellular kinase domains of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in some tumor cells are significant targets for drug discovery. We have developed a new EGFR cell membrane chromatography (EGFR/CMC)-online-high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) method for screening anti-EGFR antagonists from medicinal herbs such as Radix Angelicae Pubescentis. In this study, the HEK293 EGFR cells with high expression of EGFR were used to prepare cell membrane stationary phase (CMSP) in the EGFR/CMC model. The retention fractions on the EGFR/CMC model were directly analyzed by combining a 10 port columns switcher with a HPLC/MS system online. As a result, osthole from Radix Angelicae Pubescentis was found to be the active component acting on EGFR like dasatinib as the control drug. There was a good relationship between their inhibiting effects on EGFR secretion and HEK293 EGFR cell growth in vitro. This new EGFR/CMConline-HPLC/MS method can be applied for screening anti-EGFR antagonists from TCMs, for instance, Radix Angelicae Pubescentis. It will be a useful method for drug discovery with natural medicinal herbs as a leading compound resource.     

Facile Synthesis of Novel Perfluorocarbon‐Modulated 4‐Anilinoquinazoline Analogues

4‐Anilinoquinazoline analogues stand out among many kinds of small molecules that inhibit the tyrosine kinase activities of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR ), thus serving as significant molecular targets for anticancer drug design. Herein, a series of novel perfluorocarbon (PFC ) modulated 4‐anilinoquinazolines were designed and prepared straightforwardly by nucleophilic substitution reaction of various anilinoquinazolines and PFC ‐derived methanesulfonate. In the presence of base, the reaction proceeded smoothly to afford a wide range of 4‐anilinoquinazolines with different substituents on aniline moiety in good to high yields. Furthermore, the PFC ‐modified analogues of gefitinib and erlotinib were also obtained in 93% and 90% respectively, which may have potential for developing new inhibitors of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR ) tyrosine kinase and fluorinated contrast agents (CA ) for ¹⁹F MRI .     

A new A431/cell membrane chromatography and online high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method for screening epidermal growth factor receptor antagonists from Radix sophorae flavescentis

The intracellular kinase domains of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in some tumor cells such as human epidermal squamous cells (A₄₃₁ cells) are an important target for drug discovery. We have developed a new A₄₃₁/cell membrane chromatography (A₄₃₁/CMC)-online–high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) method for screening EGFR antagonists from medicinal herbs such as traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). In this study, A₄₃₁ cells with high EGFR expression levels were used to prepare cell membrane stationary phase (CMSP) in an A₄₃₁/CMC model. The retention fractions eluted from the CMSP column were enriched onto an ODS pre-column and then switched into an HPLC/MS system by combining a 10 port columns switching valve. The screening results found that oxymatrine and matrine from Radix sophorae flavescentis (RSF) were the targeted components which could act on EGFR in similar manner of gefitinib as a control drug. There was a good relationship of their inhibiting effects on EGFR secretion and A₄₃₁ cell growth in vitro. This new A₄₃₁/CMC-online-HPLC/MS method can be applied for screening EGFR antagonists from TCMs such as RSF. It will be a useful method for drug discovery with natural medicinal herbs as a leading compound resource.     

Progress in Targeted Alpha-Particle-Emitting Radiopharmaceuticals as Treatments for Prostate Cancer Patients with Bone Metastases

Bone metastasis remains a major cause of death in cancer patients, and current therapies for bone metastatic disease are mainly palliative. Bone metastases arise after cancer cells have colonized the bone and co-opted the normal bone remodeling process. In addition to bone-targeted therapies (e.g., bisphosphonate and denosumab), hormone therapy, chemotherapy, external beam radiation therapy, and surgical intervention, attempts have been made to use systemic radiotherapy as a means of delivering cytocidal radiation to every bone metastatic lesion. Initially, several bone-seeking beta-minus-particle-emitting radiopharmaceuticals were incorporated into the treatment for bone metastases, but they failed to extend the overall survival in patients. However, recent clinical trials indicate that radium-223 dichloride (²²³RaCl₂), an alpha-particle-emitting radiopharmaceutical, improves the overall survival of prostate cancer patients with bone metastases. This success has renewed interest in targeted alpha-particle therapy development for visceral and bone metastasis. This review will discuss (i) the biology of bone metastasis, especially focusing on the vicious cycle of bone metastasis, (ii) how bone remodeling has been exploited to administer systemic radiotherapies, and (iii) targeted radiotherapy development and progress in the development of targeted alpha-particle therapy for the treatment of prostate cancer bone metastasis.     

Effect of delivery system on the pharmacokinetic and phototherapeutic properties of bis(methyloxyethyleneoxy)silicon-phthalocyanine in tumor-bearing mice

A Si(IV)-phthalocyanine bearing two methoxyethyleneglycol axial ligands bound to the central metal ion (SiPc) has been prepared by chemical synthesis and analyzed for its phototherapeutic activity after administration in a Cremophor or liposome formulation to C57B1/6 mice bearing a subcutaneously transplanted Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC). The maximum drug accumulation in the tumor is found at 24 h after intraperitoneal injection, independent of the delivery system. However, the tumor concentration of SiPc in the Cremophor formulation is about two-fold higher, while the drug concentration in liver and skin shows similar trends with the two delivery systems. The drug accumulation and retention in the brain is much larger when using Cremophor emulsion. Photodynamic therapy (672 nm, 370 mW m⁻², 360 J cm⁻²) at 24 h after the injection of Cremophor emulsion- or DPPC liposome-formulated SiPc causes a very efficient and similar response for the LLC (8 versus 22 mm mean tumor diameter for the control groups at 21 days after phototreatment). These very promising effects, obtained both at higher and lower tumor drug concentrations, clearly demonstrate the potential phototherapeutical activity of the newly synthesized SiPc.     

A Nanobody‐Conjugated DNA Nanoplatform for Targeted Platinum‐Drug Delivery

The targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs is a major challenge in the clinical treatment of cancer. Herein, we constructed a multifunctional DNA nanoplatform as a versatile carrier of the highly potent platinum‐based DNA intercalator, 56MESS. In our rational design, 56MESS was efficiently loaded into the double‐bundle DNA tetrahedron through intercalation with the DNA duplex. With the integration of a nanobody that both targets and blocks epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), the DNA nanocarriers exhibit excellent selectivity for cells with elevated EGFR expression (a common biomarker related to tumor formation) and combined tumor therapy without obvious systemic toxicity. This DNA‐based platinum‐drug delivery system provides a promising strategy for the treatment of tumors.     

Rabies Virus‐Inspired Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) for Targeted Imaging and Chemotherapy of Glioma

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) restricts access to the brain of more than 98 % of therapeutic agents and is largely responsible for treatment failure of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Therefore, it is of great importance to develop a safe and efficient strategy for more effective drug delivery across the BBB into the brain. Inspired by the extraordinary capability of rabies virus (RABV) to enter the central nervous system, we report the development and evaluation of the metal–organic framework‐based nanocarrier MILB@LR, which closely mimicked both the bullet‐shape structure and surface functions of natural RABV. MILB@LR benefited from a more comprehensive RABV‐mimic strategy than mimicking individual features of RABV and exhibited significantly enhanced BBB penetration and brain tumor targeting. MILB@LR also displayed superior inhibition of tumor growth when loaded with oxaliplatin. The results demonstrated that MILB@LR may be valuable for GBM targeting and treatment.     

一种用于核酸高灵敏检测的液滴式数字聚合酶链式反应芯片

为了实现对核酸的高灵敏度检测,构建了一种新型的液滴式数字聚合酶链式反应(dd PCR)芯片.该芯片由产生液滴的聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)模块和储存液滴的玻璃腔室构成.实验结果表明,该芯片可以在25 min内产生2×106个直径为20μm的微液滴(体积4.187 p L).利用该芯片定量检测了表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)基因第19号外显子,在DNA浓度为106~101copies/μL范围内呈现良好的线性关系(R2=0.9998);在浓度为106copies/μL的19号外显子野生型DNA中检测105~100copies/μL的突变型DNA,其检测敏感度可达到0.0001%.该方法在同一芯片上实现了液滴产生、核酸扩增和荧光信号读取的功能,在核酸绝对定量及痕量突变基因的检测中具有潜在应用前景.