新型可聚合激光染料及双发色团共聚物的合成

通常染料激光的工作介质是染料溶液,因而限制了在一些技术领域的应用.因此近年来人们将研究兴趣转移到固体激光染料[1～3].激光染料的固体基质相对于其液体溶液存在着显著的技术优势:紧密性、可加工性、无毒、不易燃、无蒸发、易于器件集成化等等.聚合物或硅胶均可用作激光染料的固体基质,用作基质的聚合物与激光染料有很好的相容性,光均一性,且其制作成本低廉.近期报道将激光染料与甲基丙烯酸甲酯进行共聚得到了性能优良的固体激光材料[4],由于激光染料与聚合物链直接相连,减少了耗能,避免了染料过快的降解,大大提高了其光稳定性和激光输出…     

碳纳米纤维增强钴酞菁催化氧化染料的性能研究

将氨基钴酞菁（CoTAPc）以共价键的形式负载到碳纳米纤维（CNF）上制备碳纳米纤维负载钴酞菁催化剂（CoTAPc-CNF）,利用原子吸收光谱、紫外-可见光吸收光谱、衰减全反射-红外光谱等方法对CoTAPc-CNF进行表征.选用具有氧杂蒽结构的罗丹明6G（Rh6G）为主要研究对象,研究CoTAPc-CNF对Rh6G的催化氧化性能,考察了温度、pH、NaCl、异丙醇等对CoTAPc-CNF催化性能的影响.结果表明,CoTAPc-CNF在常温中性条件下能有效催化氧化Rh6G;随着温度和pH的增加,CoTAPc-CNF催化氧化Rh6G速率逐渐提高;NaCl和异丙醇的加入,没有抑制催化氧化反应的进行,相反大大提高了Rh6G的降解速率,这与一般羟基自由基占主导的高级氧化体系完全不同;进一步采用电子顺磁共振波谱法证实CoTAPc-CNF/H2O2体系确实为非羟基自由基催化机理.另外,研究发现CoTAPc-CNF还能有效催化氧化其他共轭结构的染料,如偶氮染料酸性橙7（AO7）、三芳甲烷染料碱性绿1（BG1）.因此,本文探索的CoTAPc-CNF/H2O2非羟基自由基催化反应体系在处理成分复杂的实际印染废水中具有较好的应用前景.     

天线若丹明染料分子内能量与电荷传递的研究

染料三重态在染料激光的应用中起着重要作用，尤其是三重态一Z重态（T－T）吸收常常会造成谐振腔损耗＊．为了减少由基态吸收而造成的话振腔损耗，带有紫外吸收天线分子的三发色团染料已在研究问，2，5·二苯基螨喳（PP0）在紫外区（如308删）有很强的吸收，PPO－rhod．系列染料（见图1）在紫外区的吸收就很强，由PPO到若丹明母体的单线态一单线态（S功能量传递使这类三发色团染料具有较大的荧光量子效率，较小的基态重复吸收耗能卜，司．然而，在610N640nm区域中这些天线若丹明染料的激光输出效率远远小于若丹明Rh630＊，其原因正是…     

改性生物炭催化过硫酸氢钾降解染料废水中罗丹明6G的研究

通过煅烧-浸渍法制备了铁酸锰和钴共改性生物碳(Co/MnFe_2O_4/Biochar,CMB),采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)和N_2吸脱附等温仪(BET)对CMB进行形貌观察和结构表征,并用其催化过硫酸氢钾(PMS)降解染料罗丹明6G(Rh 6G),研究了CMB投加量、PMS投加量、溶液初始pH值、水中常见物质(如Cl~-、HCO_3~-、H_2PO_4~-、HA)对CMB/PMS体系降解Rh 6G的影响。实验结果表明,随着CMB和PMS投加量的增大,Rh 6G降解效率也随之增高。在溶液初始pH在5-9范围内,Rh 6G的降解率可达98%以上。Cl~-、HCO_3~-、H_2PO_4~-、HA对CMB催化PMS降解Rh 6G影响微弱。自由基猝灭反应实验结果证明SO_4·~-、~1O_2和O_2~-·对Rh 6G的降解起主要作用。重复利用实验表明,CMB经过五次循环使用后,降解率仍可达76.7%。     

8位取代吡咯甲川-BF_2化合物的光物理行为

90年代以来 ,人们先后发现了吡咯甲川- BF2化合物在许多领域的重要应用价值 ,如染料激光领域 ,与传统的香豆素、罗丹明及多甲川菁类化合物相比 ,它们具有激光效率高、光稳定性好、溶解度合适等无可比拟的优点 [1～ 3],目前已有数种商品染料问世 .在有机固体激光领域 ,将它们和以 PMMA等为基质的高分子材料掺杂后，得到的固体激光材料拥有相当高的能量转换效率和使用寿命 [4～ 6]，经过合理的结构改造 ,在激光医学领域也获得了一类极具开发潜力的用于肿瘤的激光光动力疗法（ photodynamic therapy）的吡咯甲川- BF2型新型光敏药物 ,据…     

桥链七甲川菁的合成及光性能

菁是一种具有多功能用途的染料,除用作卤化银感光材料及有机光导材料的光谱增感剂、光记录材料中记录介质外,还可作为染料激光器中用的激光染料.我们曾合成了四甲川苯乙烯菁、五甲川(艹粦)及五甲川吡喃鎓等红外染料作为激光染料,测定了它们的光性能.本文合成了具有桥链的七甲川菁,研究了这些桥链七甲川菁的吸收光谱及荧光光谱,并以YAG激光倍频(532nm)作泵浦源,测定了它们的激光调谐范围、中心波长及激光转换效率.     

罗丹明染料共振散射光谱法测定肝素钠注射液中肝素钠

在酸性介质中,2种罗丹明染料[罗丹明6G(Rh6G)和丁基罗丹明B(b-RhB)]可通过静电引力作用与肝素钠(Hep)形成离子缔合物,使2种体系(Hep-Rh6G和Hep-b-RhB)的共振散射信号增强,且增强程度(ΔI)与Hep的质量浓度在定范围内呈线性关系,据此建立了罗丹明染料共振散射光谱法测定Hep含量的方法。试验优化了Hep-Rh6G和Hep-b-RhB体系的分析条件:试剂的加入顺序为罗丹明染料、Hep和缓冲溶液;Hep-Rh6G体系的反应介质为三(羟甲基)氨基甲烷(Tris)-HCl缓冲溶液(pH 5.0),其用量为0.50 mL,1.0×10~(-3)mol·L~(-1) Rh6G溶液的用量为0.50mL,分析波长为377nm;Hep-b-RhB体系的反应介质为Britton-Robinson(B-R)缓冲溶液(pH 5.5),用量为0.50 mL,1.0×10~(-3) mol·L~(-1) b-RhB溶液的用量为0.80 mL,分析波长为380nm。结果表明:Hep-Rh6G和Hep-b-RhB等2种体系的线性范围分别为0.020～2.0mg·L~(-1)和0.10～1.6mg·L~(-1),检出限(3s/k)分别为1.10,3.47μg·L~(-1),可见Hep-Rh6G体系的线性范围更宽,检出限更低。因此,采用Hep-Rh6G体系对2个批次的Hep注射液进行了分析,加标回收率分别为96.0%,101%;测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)分别为4.9%,3.9%。     

抗氧化剂防止品红甲亚胺染料光褪色的作用机制

本文利用激光光解动态吸收光谱研究了氧与品红甲亚胺染料间的作用,发现染料的光褪色不仅与单重态氧有关,氧的自由基负离子也可能是引起褪色的一个重要因素.还研究了抗氧化剂对品红甲亚胺染料激发态的影响,证实前者对染料激发态有猝灭作用,据此对抗氧化剂防止品红甲亚胺染料光褪色机理作了进一步探讨.     

Rh6G-DMTC分子间能量转移的荧光光谱研究

利用N_2激光器作为激发光源, 测量若丹明6G(Rh6G)和N,N′-二甲基噻碳菁碘盐(DMTC)不同浓度混合的乙醇溶液的荧光光谱, 证明 Rh6G-DMTC组成施主-受主对, 存在着分子间能量转移效应。通过对DMTC荧光强度与Rh6G浓度的关系的测量, 讨论了Rh6G-DMTC能量转移的机制, 并且导出了辐射转移和Förster转移两种典型过程中受主荧光强度与施主浓度的关系式。     

低温基质隔离条件下N_2O_3的红外光谱研究

在低温固体Ar基质条件下,通过升高基质温度和激光诱导光异构化的方法,观察了N_2O_3两种异构体asym-N_2O_3和sym-N_2O_3的红外光谱的变化,对某些吸收峰重新作了归属,并发现N_2O_3还存在第3种异构体.结合量子化学从头计算,在MP2水平上以6-31G和6-311G”为基组,得到了这种异构体的结构和振动频率,和实验观察到的结果基本吻合,从而确定了这种异构体为tran-cis N_2O_3.     

Characterisation of a new sol-gel precursor for a SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>-rhodamine 6G hybrid class II material

The entrapment of organic dyes in inorganic solids offers several advantage for solid-state laser applications with respect to the use of liquid or polymer hosts. Among the various inorganic hosts, silica is preferred for its superior mechanical, thermal and optical properties. Organic dyes, such as Rhodamine 6G (Rh6G), can be immobilised in SiO₂ both physically (materials of class I), and by covalent bonds (class II materials). In the past years Rh6G-SiO₂ class I hybrids were prepared. In this work we propose, for the first time, a Rh6G-SiO₂ class II hybrids. We describe the preparation of a suitable sol-gel Rh6G precursor verified by FT-IR analysis and report the characterization of the hybrid materials by means of thermal and porosimetric analysis and optical spectroscopy measurements. The precursor is thermally stable up to ∼250°C, and its optical characteristics (UV-VIS absorbance and photoluminescence, PL) do not change with respect to those of the pristine dye molecule. The PL spectra of the final hybrids show that they are promising candidates for applications in solid state dye lasers.     

LED-compatible fluorosensor for measurement of near-neutral pH values

We report on an optical sensor material suitable for fluorimetric measurement of pH in the 6–9 range using a new, fully LED-compatible fluorescent dye. Its base form has a strong absorption between 580 and 630 nm that matches the emission band of conventional yellow or orange light-emitting diodes. Two kinds of dye immobilization are reported. The first is based on covalent binding to a cellulosic matrix and the resulting material is intended for use in sensing membranes. The second involves physical entrapment of the dye in a sol-gel matrix which can be used for optical fiber tip coating as well as in evanescent wave type sensors. Both kinds of sensor materials are studied with respect to dynamic pH ranges, response times, sensitivity toward ion strength, and stability.Dedicated to Professor G. Werner, Leipzig, on the occasion of his 60th birthday.     

Absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy of rhodamine 6G in titanium dioxide nanocomposites

A comparison has been made between the spectroscopic properties of the laser dye rhodamine 6G (R6G) in mesostructured titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) and in ethanol. Steady-state excitation and emission techniques have been used to probe the dye-matrix interactions. We show that the TiO(2)-nanocomposite studied is a good host for R6G, as it allows high dye concentrations, while keeping dye molecules isolated, and preventing aggregation. Our findings have important implications in the context of solid state dye-lasers and microphotonic device applications.     

Rhodamine 6G and 800 J-heteroaggregates with enhanced acceptor luminescence (HEAL) adsorbed in transparent SiO2 GLAD thin films

An enhanced fluorescent emission in the near infrared is observed when the Rhodamine 800 (Rh800) and 6G (Rh6G) dyes are coadsorbed in porous SiO(2) optical thin films prepared by glancing angle deposition (GLAD). This unusual behavior is not observed in solution and it has been ascribed to the formation of a new type of J-heteroaggregates with enhanced acceptor luminescence (HEAL). This article describes in detail and explains the main features of this new phenomenology previously referred in a short communication [J. R. Sánchez-Valencia, J. Toudert, L. González-García, A. R. González-Elipe and A. Barranco, Chem. Commun., 2010, 46, 4372-4374]. It is found that the efficiency and characteristics of the energy transfer process are dependent on the Rh6G/Rh800 concentration ratio which can be easily controlled by varying the pH of the solutions used for the infiltration of the molecules or by thermal treatments. A simple model has been proposed to account for the observed enhanced acceptor luminescence in which the heteroaggregates order themselves according to a "head to tail" configuration due to the geometrical constrains imposed by the SiO(2) porous matrix thin film. The thermal stability of the dye molecules within the films and basic optical (absorption and fluorescence) principles of the HEAL process are also described.     

Aggregation states of rhodamine 6G in electrospun nanofibrous films

Novel fluorescent composite nanofibrous films of rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) are first prepared by electrospinning. The aggregation states of Rh6G in electruspun nanofibrous films are studied as a function of concentrations and characterized by UV–vis absorption spectroscopy and emission and excitation fluorescence spectroscopy. We have also used casting films as reference material to compare the effect of incorporation of Rh6G in electrospun nanofibrous films and casting films. The large specific surface area of the nanofibers and fast evaporation of the solvents in the electrospinning process reduced the aggregation of Rh6G. The appearance of fluorescent J-type dimers, even at higher dye concentration in elctrospun films, demonstrates that the electrospun films are an ideal material for incorporation of fluorescent dyes.     

Dispersion and Interaction of Charged Fluorescent Dyes in Protein-Polymer Surfactant-based Non-Aqueous Liquid

Viscous, non-aqueous liquid comprising stoichiometric conjugates of polymer surfactant-bovine serum albumin (PSpBSA) is used as a host matrix for the dispersion of chemically distinct hydrophilic dyes. Using a combination of bright field polarized optical microscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy, we investigate the dispersion of dry and powdered cationic (Rhodamine 6G; Rh6G) and anionic (Fluorescein; FL) dyes in the PSpBSA liquid at room temperature. As the dyes disperse and dissolve in the PSpBSA liquid, it results in a pronounced increase in emission intensity of the former. Interestingly, a shift from 571 to 582 nm is observed in the emission maxima of Rh6G as it disperses in the PSpBSA solvent. Whilst no such red shift is found for the Rh6G dispersion in the aqueous solutions of either native BSA or polymer-surfactant conjugated BSA, a similar shift occurs when Rh6G is dispersed in neat polymer-surfactant (PS), suggesting the interaction of the dye with the PS chains. In the case of anionic FL, no shift is observed in its emission maximum as it disperses in the PSpBSA liquid. Furthermore, within 120 minutes of FL dispersion in the PSpBSA liquid, we observe a ≈26 % decrease in the tryptophan emission intensity (λ_exc.=285 nm; λ_emi.=330 nm) of BSA, which could be attributed to both static and dynamic quenching. Our findings provide a proof of concept of an alternative non-aqueous solvent matrix which can dissolve and disperse charged fluorescent dyes, provide suitable binding sites, and show substantial photoluminescence. Thus, it can be envisaged for utilization as an alternative solvent medium for lasing dyes and related applications.     

新型以若丹明染料为母体的三发色团化合物的荧光性能

若丹明染料作为一种重要的激光染料,它们具有较高的荧光量子效率。这类染料在紫外区的吸收是相当小的,于是,当它们被使用在横向泵浦激光装置上时,就需要相当高的染料浓度,这样才能有效地吸收紫外泵浦光(如XeCI激光器,308 nm)。问题是,这类染料的发射光谱与其吸收光谱的低能量部分有重叠,亦即它门的Stokes位移较小,并且由于染料的荧光量子效率通常小于100,以致使一部分染料的激发辐射被基态染料分子再吸收,从而导致激发辐射的损失。与此同时,为了有效吸收泵浦光能量,染料的浓度通常很高,这样,激发辐射损失就会相当大。     

Mesostructured materials for optical applications: from low-k dielectrics to sensors and lasers

Recent advances on the use of mesoporous and mesostructured materials for electronic and optical applications are reported. The focus is on materials which are processed by block-copolymer templating of silica under weakly acidic conditions and by employing dip- and spin-coating as well as soft lithographic methods to bring them into a well-defined macroscopic shape. Several chemical strategies allow the mesostructure architecture to be used for electronic/optical applications: Removal of the block-copolymers results in highly porous, mechanically and thermally robust materials which are promising candidates for low dielectric constant materials. Since the pores are easily accessible, these structures are also ideal hosts for optical sensors, when suitable are incorporated during synthesis. For example, a fast response optical pH sensor was implemented on this principle. As-synthesized mesostructured silica/block-copolymer composites, on the other hand, are excellently suited as host systems for laser dyes and photochromic molecules. Laser dyes like rhodamine 6G can be incorporated during synthesis in high concentrations with reduced dimerization. This leads to very-low-threshold laser materials which also show a good photostability of the occluded dye. In the case of photochromic molecules, the inorganic-organic nanoseparation enables a fast switching between the colorless and colored form of a spirooxazine molecule, attributed to a partitioning of the dye between the block-copolymer chains. The spectroscopic properties of these dye-doped nanocomposite materials suggest a silica/block-copolymer/dye co-assembly process, whereby the block-copolymers help to highly disperse the organic dye molecules.     

Novel ZnS/Carbon Nanofiber Photocatalyst for Degradation of Rhodamine 6G: Kinetics Tracking of Operational Parameters and Development of a Kinetics Model

A novel nanocomposite in the role of photocatalyst was prepared by composition of zinc sulfide (ZnS) nanoparticles with carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and was characterized. The XRD, EDX, and FE‐SEM analysis revealed that ZnS is successfully embedded in CNFs matrix. The DRS results indicated that supporting of ZnS by CNFs led to a decrease of the band gap energy. The photocatalytic degradation of a hazardous xanthine dye, Rhodamine 6 G (Rh‐6G), by the prepared ZnS/CNFs composite was examined from the kinetics point of view. Nonlinear regression analysis was used to develop a mathematical kinetics model based on the Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism, and an empirical equation was obtained for the estimation of apparent pseudo‐first‐order rate constant (k_ap) as a function of operational parameters (viz. initial dye concentration, ZnS/CNFs content, pH, and irradiation intensity). Based on the results, k_ap increased with an increase ZnS/CNFs content, pH, and UV light intensity, whereas it decreased by increasing the initial Rh‐6G concentration. Moreover, a new kinetics model was obtained based on proposed elementary steps to determine k_ap. In the final stage of the work, intermediate materials produced within photocatalytic degradation of Rh‐6G dye were detected by GC‐MS analysis.     

Hybrid materials for solid-state dye laser applications

The quest for a solid-state tunable dye laser can be satisfied by sol-gel prepared organic-inorganic hybrids. A photostability study of porous silica-Rhodamine 6G hybrids prepared via a sol-gel method is presented. The dye molecules can be incorporated into the silica matrix by forming weak or covalent bonds (hybrids of classes I and II, respectively). New class II samples and traditional class I materials prepared by the pre-doping method were synthesized. Samples were characterized by photoluminescence measurements to compare the emission properties and the photostability of the samples. The decay of the fluorescence signal as the cumulative excitation energy increases is reported and interpreted by hypothesizing that the dye molecules can be hosted in different surroundings within the porous glass matrix. The reported photoluminescence and photobleaching features indicate the class II samples as good candidates for solid-state dye lasers.