纤维素燃料乙醇废液与煤的成浆性能研究

提出了一种纤维素燃料乙醇废液大规模资源化利用的新方法—将纤维素燃料乙醇废液与煤共混制备废液煤浆作燃料用。借助旋转黏度计对废液煤浆(WLCS-CEF)进行流变性测定,研究了成浆浓度、废液加入量和添加剂对煤浆流变性的影响。结果表明,废液煤浆的表观黏度随成浆浓度及废液加入量的增加而增大,添加剂的加入明显改善废液煤浆的流变特性。废液中大分子量的木质素及未水解完全的纤维素和半纤维素能起到稳定煤浆的作用,同浓度下的废液煤浆比水煤浆稳定性高,且煤浆稳定性随浓度增大而增强,合适的添加剂也能改善稳定性。当选择添加剂A,成浆浓度为62%,废液添加量为煤量的2.5%时,制得的废液煤浆比较适合气化。     

污泥干燥预处理后与神府煤共成浆性的研究

以萘系阴离子表面活性剂为分散剂,考查了污泥干燥条件和粒径对神府煤成浆性的影响。结果表明,将污泥干燥后再制浆,明显提高了污泥煤浆的成浆浓度;升高干燥温度,有利于提高污泥煤浆的成浆浓度。干燥温度对污泥的可磨性影响较大。干燥温度越高,干燥污泥可磨性越好,球磨的污泥平均粒径越小,制得的污泥煤浆表观黏度越低;温度高于105℃,污泥的可磨性无明显差别,污泥煤浆的表观黏度亦无明显变化。污泥粒径越小,颗粒越细,一定程度上提高了煤粉的堆积效率,使污泥煤浆的表观黏度降低。     

混合煤制浆对水煤浆性质的影响

实验选用三种性能较差，不适宜制浆的煤作为原料煤，选用成浆性、稳定性或流变性较好的三种煤作为配煤进行混合煤制备水煤浆。实验结果表明，在相同的制浆条件下，加入成浆性、稳定性较好的煤种，使得水煤浆性质较差的煤成浆性、稳定性均有不同程度的提高，浆体流变性得到改善，煤浆粘度明显降低。根据配煤加入量的不同，煤的成浆浓度可提高约2%～3%，浆体稳定性增加，产生软沉淀的时间由1 d提高到10 d。加入成浆性较差的褐煤，亦可明显提高难制浆煤种的稳定性和改善浆体的流变性，使得浆体由胀塑性流体变为假塑性流体。煤的表面性质分析表明，配入表面性质差异较大的煤种，有利于改善难制浆煤种的水煤浆性质。     

煤与生物油的成浆性能研究

利用不同煤种的煤和生物油制备了不同浓度的生物油煤浆,考察了生物油煤浆的成浆浓度、表观黏度、流变特性和稳定性。结果表明,生物油煤浆是具有一定屈服应力的非牛顿流体,其流变特性可用宾汉姆方程来描述;生物油煤浆的屈服应力和表观黏度都随着固体浓度的增加而增大;随着剪切速率的增加,生物油煤浆的表观黏度减小;四种煤中,无烟煤的成浆浓度最高,可达42%,其含碳量高达49%,相当于同种煤制成的74%的水煤浆含量。烟煤次之,褐煤最低;生物油与煤粉之间能够形成絮凝性的大分子网络结构,使得生物油煤浆存在屈服应力并能够保持良好的静态稳定性,4.0~5.0 d天没有软沉淀产生,数月没有硬沉淀产生。     

褐煤水热提质改善水煤浆的成浆性、流变性和稳定性的实验研究

采用水热法对小龙潭褐煤进行提质处理,从煤质特性、含氧基团、表面亲水性和粒度分布等因素,探究了水热提质对褐煤水煤浆成浆浓度、流变特性以及稳定性的影响。结果表明,水热提质脱除了褐煤中的水分,氧含量降低,煤阶升高。水热提质脱除了褐煤中含氧基团,煤水表面接触角增大,褐煤表面亲水性得到改善。小龙潭褐煤颗粒粒度呈现双峰分布,水热提质后褐煤颗粒粒径减小且趋于规则。水热提质改善了水煤浆的成浆性能,成浆浓度由提质前的44.09%,最高可提升到61.94%。在相近的表观黏度下,水热提质后水煤浆的稠度系数K减小,流变指数n增大,水热提质在降低浆体黏度的同时,仍保持假塑性流体特征。水热提质降低水煤浆的析水率,延缓了浆体出现硬沉淀的时间,改善浆体的稳定性。水热提质从理化特性对褐煤进行深度改性,从而获得高浓度,假塑性以及稳定性良好的符合工业应用的水煤浆。     

蓝藻与神府煤共成浆性的研究

考察了预处理方法对含水蓝藻表观黏度的影响,以及蓝藻对神府煤浆成浆浓度、流变性和静态稳定性的影响。结果表明,采用添加化学药剂、高速搅拌、加热等方法对含水蓝藻进行预处理,可以使表观黏度从72mPa·s降低到21.8mPa·s(剪切速率100s^-1)。蓝藻结构受到破坏是表观黏度降低的主要原因。含水蓝藻表观黏度的降低有利于蓝藻煤浆成浆浓度的提高。当添加水质量与含水蓝藻质量比为1∶1时,蓝藻煤浆的成浆浓度达到60%。蓝藻的加入提高了神府煤浆的稳定性,使稳定性从4h提高到72h以上。蓝藻煤浆为假塑性流体,剪切变稀。     

无烟煤掺混白酒酒糟制备生物质水煤浆

利用白酒酒糟与贵州无烟煤按不同比例掺混制备生物质水煤浆(BCWS),考查了酒糟掺混量、添加剂种类及含量对水煤浆成浆性能的影响。结果表明,在萘磺酸系添加剂(MF、NNO)和木质素磺酸钙(LS)三种添加剂中,MF的分散效果要优于其他两种,且添加量为0.5%时最佳;表观黏度为1 000 m Pa·s时,无烟煤单独制浆最大成浆浓度为70%,而掺混3%(干基)酒糟的BCWS定黏浓度为65.8%,浆体稳定性在3d以上;BCWS属于宾汉塑性流体,酒糟含有大量的亲水性含氧官能团,以及其管束和脉络结构,会引起BCWS表观黏度的升高,有利于提高BCWS的稳定性。     

煤沥青水浆的制备及影响规律的研究

以中温煤沥青为原料,经冷冻粉碎后制得具有一定粒径级配的煤沥青粉,加入适量分散剂和水在高速搅拌下制备煤沥青水浆.结果表明,JL-C01中裂乳化剂是制备煤沥青水浆的优良分散剂,在此基础上进一步考察了分散剂用量及浆体浓度对煤沥青成浆性、煤沥青水浆流变性及稳定性的影响.结果表明,最大成浆浓度为70％;在分散剂用量相同的条件下,...     

水葫芦与神府煤共成浆性的研究

分别以甲基萘磺酸盐(MF)及改性碱木质素磺酸钠(B1)为分散剂,考查了水葫芦与神府煤的成浆性能。结果表明,当100 g煤中加入19.16 g的水葫芦时,以MF为分散剂,60%浓度水葫芦煤浆的表观黏度为1 154 mPa.s,Fe2(SO4)3改性水葫芦煤浆的表观黏度为999 mPa.s。以B1为分散剂,水葫芦煤浆的表观黏度略有提高。Fe2(SO4)3的加入减少了与水缔合的含氧官能团数量,增加了水葫芦中起降黏作用的自由水含量。水葫芦能有效的提高水煤浆的稳定性,使出现硬沉淀的时间从2 h延长到60 h,Fe2(SO4)3作用后的水葫芦可进一步提高水煤浆的稳定性,使其出现硬沉淀的时间延长到88 h以上。水葫芦中大量的亲水性含氧官能团以及纤维素等大分子是水煤浆稳定性提高的主要原因。     

污泥/钛铁矿复合吸附剂的制备及其吸附Cr(Ⅵ)研究

以城市污水处理厂剩余污泥为原料,添加微量钛铁矿,采用氯化锌活化法制备复合吸附剂,并考察了其对含Cr(Ⅵ)废水的处理效果。研究表明:钛铁矿添加量1.5%、氯化锌浓度3 mol/L、固液比1∶2、活化温度550℃和活化时间40 min时,复合吸附剂碘吸附值可达523.24mg/g,比表面积为285.003 m2/g,相对于不添加钛铁矿的纯污泥吸附剂分别提高了27.95%和43.08%;吸附Cr(Ⅵ)废水研究表明,当pH为1.5、吸附剂用量为4 g/L、吸附时间为120 min时,吸附率可达99.17%,吸附量为12.4 mg/g。     

Influence of Polycarboxylate Dispersants with Different Molecular Structures on the Performance of Coal Water Slurry

Polycarboxylate dispersants have variable structures and can be designed according to practical needs. Further study on the influence of molecular structures on the performance of coal-water slurry (CWS) has vital significance. A variety of polycarboxylate dispersants was designed and synthesized with different monomers. The performance of each dispersant for the low-rank China CWS (i.e., Shenfu coal) was evaluated. Results showed that sodium p-styrene sulfonate (SSS) was the most efficient monomer with better adsorption performance on the surface of coal particles and lower apparent viscosity (i.e., mole ratio of SSS and acrylic acid (AA) sodium 65:35, CWS concentration 63 wt%, dispersant dosage 0.5 wt%). Polyethylene glycol acrylate (PA) was also effective. In addition, 5 wt% cationic monomer methyl acryloyl oxygen ethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC) was introduced into the structure. The polycarboxylate dispersant with optimal molecular structure was applied in Shenfu coal. The performance of water slurry could meet the national standards well (i.e., apparent viscosity 920 mPa · s), displaying good rheological property and stability.     

新疆褐煤疏水改性提高其成浆性能

针对新疆褐煤具有较高内水的问题,制备了阴离子AKD改性剂和非离子AKD改性剂,对褐煤颗粒进行疏水改性。研究了改性前后煤粒表面化学成分、孔隙分布、亲疏水性和Zeta电位等煤粒表面特性,并结合NSF分散剂在改性前后煤粒表面吸附量大小,探讨了改性前后褐煤水煤浆的成浆性、流变性和稳定性。结果表明,改性后煤粒孔隙结构降低,煤粒表面碳的相对含量增加,氧的相对含量降低,煤水界面接触角增加,煤粒疏水性能增强。NSF分散剂在改性煤表面吸附量增加,煤粒表面负电性增强。由阴离子AKD改性煤、非离子AKD改性煤制备的水煤浆最大成浆质量分数从原煤56.6%分别增加至61.0%、62.5%,浆体析水率从原煤13.97%分别降低至7.45%、7.89%,同时改性后煤粒制备的浆体均表现出剪切变稀的假塑性流体。因此,改性煤粒更容易制备高浓度、低黏度、高稳定性且易于储存和运输的水煤浆。     

Characterization of coal water slurry prepared for PRB coal

Powder River Basin(PRB)coal,which accounts for over 40%of the coal consumed for power generation in the United States,was investigated for preparation of coal water slurry(CWS).The static stability and rheology of the CWS were characterized as a function of loading.The coal loading was varied from 30%to 50%and both ionic(sodium polystyrene sulphonate(PSS))and nonionic(Triton X-100)surfactants were employed as additives.The addition of PSS to PRB slurries was found to yield poor static stability.On the other hand,Triton X-100 was found to be an effective surfactant,reducing the sedimentation by more than 50%compared to the one without surfactant in 45%CWS.Adding Triton X-100 reduces the viscosity of the CWS for coal loadings of30%and 40%.Although the viscosities for coal loading of 42.5%and 45%are higher when Triton X-100 is added,the static stability is significantly better than for samples without surfactant.The highest coal loading for PRB slurry with acceptable viscosity for pumping is 42.5%.     

Adsorption of sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate onto coal

The adsorption behavior of sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate (NaDDBS) on a raw (as received) coal sample and its demineralized variety with 11.3% and 1.2% ash contents respectively has been studied. The samples have been characterized by their proximate analysis, particle size distribution, surface area, porosity, density, points of zero charge, etc. Adsorption of NaDDBS on these two samples has been studied as a function of concentration of NaDDBS, temperature, pH, and presence of indifferent electrolyte in the medium. It has been observed that the isotherm exhibits two adsorption plateaus below and above the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of NaDDBS. Low heats of adsorption suggest weak hydrophobic bonding between adsorbent and adsorbate. The present work aims to correlate the adsorption of surfactant onto coal particles with the rheological behavior of coal-water slurry (CWS). The results reveal that addition of a very small amount of NaDDBS (0.3 wt% of coal) to 60% (w/w) CWS results in a marked reduction of the apparent viscosity of the CWS at a shear rate of 100 s(-1). The effect of pH on the apparent viscosity of CWS with and without the presence of the surfactant is also investigated.     

Studies on the adsorption of Brij-35 and CTAB at the coal-water interface

The adsorption behavior of polyoxyethylene (23) lauryl ether (Brij-35) and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) on coal sample has been studied. The adsorption process is found to be sensitive to pH, temperature, electrolyte concentration, and the amount of surface active agent. An attempt has been made to explain the adsorption behavior of the surfactants using the Langmuir equation. The extent of adsorption of Brij-35 on coal is found to be the highest at pH 2, which decreases with increase in pH and remains constant in the neutral and alkaline pH regions. But, the adsorption of CTAB exhibits the opposite behavior of that of Brij-35. Adsorption of any of the surfactant at the coal/water interface sharply decreases the apparent viscosity of 55 wt% coal-water slurry (CWS) at a shear rate of 100 s(-1). Electrostatic adsorption of the surfactants on the coal surface decreases the surface charge and renders the coal surface hydrophobic which is manifested in the form of high apparent viscosity of the coal-water slurry under the test conditions.