对土壤及玉米植株中均三氮苯类除草剂的残留分析

土壤或玉米植株样品用Ｖ（甲醇）∶Ｖ（乙腈）＝１∶１提取,提取液用石油醚净化后,浓缩液过Ｃ１８小柱净化,最后用Ｎｏｖａ－ＰａｋＣ１８柱进行ＨＰＬＣ分析。回收率：氰草津为８２．４％～９９．８％,莠去津为８５．６％～１０２．３％,西草净为８９．１％～１０８．４％。     

禽肉中克球酚气相色谱微量快速测定法

对禽肉样品中克球酚药物残留采用微量化学法技术，以甲醇提取，氧化铝、阴离子树脂交换柱净化，乙酰化后，进行ＧＣ－ＥＣＤ毛细管色谱测定。经对肉鸡、填鸭、饲养山鸡进行添加回收率试验，方法回收率为８５．７％～９４．４％，变异系数为３．８％～７．７％，最低检出限为２．０ｎｇ／ｇ。     

烟草中Fe,Co一阶导数分光光度法同时测定的研究

本文研究了在ｐＨ４．０时，ｍｅｓｏ－四（４－磺酸基苯基）卟啉与铁、钴同时络合显色的反应条件以及一阶导数光谱行为。此体系一阶导数的灵敏度比零阶导数灵敏度高。Ｆｅ￣（３＋）～０．１８μｇ／ｍＬ、Ｃｏ￣（２＋）０～０．２４μｇ／ｍｌ，范围内符合比耳定律；检测限为：Ｆｅ￣（３＋）＝０．４８ｎｇ／ｍＬ，Ｃｏ￣（２＋）＝０．２ｎｇ／ｍＬ。回收率为：Ｆｅ９８．５％～１００．８％，Ｃｏ９９．２％～１０１．３％。此方法用于烟草中痕量Ｆｅ、Ｃｏ测定，与ＡＡＳ值相比较，结果令人满意。     

禽肉中克球酚气相色谱微量快速测定法

 对禽肉样品中克球酚药物残留采用微量化学法技术，以甲醇提取，氧化铝、阴离子树脂交换柱净化，乙酰化后，进行ＧＣ－ＥＣＤ毛细管色谱测定。经对肉鸡、填鸭、饲养山鸡进行添加回收率试验，方法回收率为８５．７％～９４．４％，变异系数为３．８％～７．７％，最低检出限为２．０ｎｇ／ｇ。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定牛肉及其制品中敌草隆、绿麦隆的残留量

介绍了用高效液相色谱同时测定牛肉及其制品中脲类除草剂——敌草隆、绿麦隆残留量的方法。色谱柱为ＳｅｌｅｃｔｏｓｉｌＣ１８柱,流动相为甲醇－水（６０∶４０,Ｖ／Ｖ）,ＵＶ－２４５ｎｍ检测。最小检测量：敌草隆为０．４ｎｇ,绿麦隆为０．５ｎｇ。线性范围均为０．０５～１０ｍｇ／Ｌ。回收率：敌草隆为８７．３４％～８７．６４％,绿麦隆为８８．７８％～９１．９４％。     

反相高效液相色谱分离—安培法检测酚类化合物

本文报道了ＲＰ－ＨＰＬＣ－安培法检测测定酚类化合物的条件，在Ｓｈｉｍ－ｐａｃｋＣＬＣ－Ｃ８柱上用含０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＮａＨ２ＰＯ４缓冲溶液的５％甲醇水溶液洗脱分离，于Ｅ＋１．０Ｖ处检测，线性范围在０－７μｇ／ｍｌ，检测限达ｎｇ／ｍｌ。     

硼—姜黄素络合物的高效液相色谱研究及应用

本文研究了在非水本系中硼与质子化的姜黄素形成的络合物以无水甲醇为溶剂，在Ｃ１８色谱柱上用甲醇－水（８０：２０Ｖ／Ｖ）作流动相分离并检测，硼的校正曲线线性范围为０．４－３．２μｇ／２５ｍＬ，硼的校测限为０．０８ｎｇ。此法用于复合硼肥的分析，结果令人满意。     

氢化物发生—冷阱捕获—色谱分离—原子吸收法测定天然水中坤的形态

研究建立了氢化物发生－冷阱捕获－色谱分离－原子吸收方法测定天然水中四种主要砷形态，测试系统自行组装，色谱柱填料采用ＣｈｒｏｍｏｓｏｒｂＧＡＷ－ＤＭＣＳ（粒径０．３～０．４５ｍｍ），其上涂布３％ＯＶ－１０１。方法的检出限以砷计分别为：Ａｓ（Ｖ）０．５１ｎｇ，Ａｓ（Ⅲ）０．４３ｎｇ，ＭＭＡ０．３８ｎｇ，ＤＭＡ０．６７ｎｇ；１２ｎｇ砷标准偏差为Ａｓ（Ⅴ）４．２１％，Ａｓ（Ⅱ）３．５６％，ＭＭＡ３．２３％     

测定玻璃体和房水中维拉帕米含量的高效液相色谱法

研究了用ＨＰＬＣ 测定兔眼玻璃体和房水中维拉帕米含量的方法。用丙咪嗪为内标， 采用Ｓｐｈｅｒｉｃａｌ Ｃ１８色谱柱分离， 以甲醇－ ０ ．０４ ｍｏｌ／Ｌ 醋酸铵－ 乙腈－ 二乙胺（ 体积比１ ∶１ ∶０ ．５ ∶０ ．０２） 为流动相， 检测波长为２７８ｎｍ 。样品用正己烷－ 异丁醇提取后进样， 分析速度快。 样品及内标的保留时间分别为４ ．６３ ｍｉｎ 及９ ．２３ ｍｉｎ ； 线性范围为２ ．５ ～１００ ｍｇ／Ｌ， 相关系数ｒ 为０ ．９９９ ７ 。方法的回收率为１００ ．３ ％ （ ｎ ＝ ５） ，ＲＳＤ 为３ ．６３％ ， 日内ＲＳＤ 为０ ．５ ％ ～３ ．６１ ％ ， 日间ＲＳＤ 为３ ．７５ ％ ～４ ．８０ ％ ， 最低检测质量浓度为０．２５ ｍｇ／ Ｌ。 应用该法测定了创伤家兔玻璃体和房水中维拉帕米浓度的变化。     

催化光度法测定大气中痕量钒

在乙酸－络蓝黑Ｒ－溴酸钾体系中，Ｖ（Ⅴ）催化溴酸钾氧化紫红我 的络蓝黑Ｒ褪色，褪色程度在０－０．８ｎｇ／２５ｍｌ范围内呈线性关系（沸水浴２５ｍｉｎ）。据此原理测定了大气悬浮粒子中的痕量钒。本法灵敏度高（０．３５ｌｇＡ０／ｎｇ／２５ｍｌ），检出限为０．０２／２５ｍｌ。样本中共存成分对测定无干扰。ＲＳＤ为３．４％０８．３％，回收率为８９．４－１１３．１％（平均值为１０１．４％）。对大气本样中钒进行测定     

Gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry applied for the analysis of triazine herbicides in environmental waters by an isotope dilution technique

A gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry method was developed for the analysis of simazine, atrazine, cyanazine, as well as the degradation products of atrazine, such as deethylatrazine and deisopropylatrazine in environmental water samples. Isotope dilution technique was applied for the quantitative analysis of atrazine in water at low ng/l levels. One liter of water sample spiked with stable isotope internal standard atrazine-d₅ was extracted with a C₁₈ solid-phase extraction cartridge. The analysis was performed on an ion trap mass spectrometer operated in MS/MS method. The extraction recoveries were in the range of 83-94% for the triazine herbicides in water at the concentrations of 24, 200, and 1000 ng/l, while poor recoveries were obtained for the degradation products of atrazine. The relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) were within the range of 3.2-16.1%. The detection limits of the method were between 0.75 and 12 ng/l when 1 l of water was analyzed. The method was successfully applied to analyze environmental water samples collected from a reservoir and a river in Hong Kong for atrazine detected at concentrations between 3.4 and 26 ng/l.     

Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction with an Ionic Liquid Modified Polymer for Determination of Cyanazine and Atrazine in Tomatoes

A novel ionic liquid modified polymer was employed as an adsorbent for dispersive solid phase extraction for the determination of cyanazine and atrazine in tomatoes. This polymer was advantageous over conventional solid phase extraction in terms of the operational simplicity, speed, handling of large sample volumes, and recovery. Extraction parameters, such as the adsorbent amount, adsorbent time, elution solvent, elution time, and pH of aqueous samples were optimized. The optimized extraction conditions included 50 mg of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide modified polymer as the adsorbent, dichloromethane as the eluent, and 6 min as the adsorption time. Under the optimized conditions, the recovery from tomato samples ranged from 72.0 to 95.1%, which was comparable to tomato juice. The limits of detection for cyanazine and triazine were 0.51 ng/mL and 0.35 ng/mL, respectively.     

Determination of triazine herbicides in human body fluids by solid-phase microextraction and capillary gas chromatography

Summary Eight triazine herbicides, prometon, propazine, atrazine, simazine, prometryn, ametryn, metribuzin, and cyanazine, have been extracted from human whole blood and urine samples by headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME) with a polydimethylsiloxane-coated fiber and quantified by capillary gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection. Extraction efficiencies for all compounds were 0.21–0.99% for whole blood, except for cyanazine (0.06%). For urine, the extraction efficiencies for prometon, propazine, atrazine, prometryn and ametryn were 13.6–38.1%, and those of simazine, metribuzin and cyanazine were 1.35–8.73%. The regression equations for the compounds extracted from whole blood were linear within the concentration ranged 0.01–1 μg (0.5 mL)⁻¹ for prometon, propazine, atrazine, prometryn, and ametryn, and 0.02–1 μg (0.5 mL)⁻¹ for simazine, metribuzin, and cyanazine. For urine, regression equations for all compounds were linear within the concentration range 0.005–0.25 μg mL⁻¹. Compound detection limits were 2.8–9.0 ng (0.5 mL)⁻¹ and 0.4–2.0 ng mL⁻¹ for whole blood and urine, respectively. The coefficients of within-day and day-to-day variation were satisfactory for all the compounds, and not greater than 10.3 and 14.2%, respectively. Data obtained from determination of atrazine in rat whole blood after oral administration of the compound are also presented.     

Development and application of immunoaffinity column chromatography for atrazine in complex sample media

A rabbit antibody immunoaffinity (IA) column procedure was evaluated as a cleanup method for the determination of atrazine in soil, sediment, and food. Four IA columns were prepared by immobilizing a polyclonal rabbit anti-atrazine antibody solution to HiTrap Sepharose columns. Atrazine was bound to the IA columns when the loading solvents were either 100% water, 2% acetonitrile in water, or 10% methanol in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Quantitative removal of atrazine from the IA columns was achieved with elution solvents of either 70% ethanol in water, 70% methanol in water, or 100% methanol. One control column was prepared using nonspecific rabbit IgG antibody. This control column did not retain any applied atrazine indicating atrazine did not bind indiscriminately to protein or the Sepharose support. The four IA columns showed reproducible coupling efficiency for the immobilization of the atrazine antibody and consistent binding and releasing of atrazine. The coupling efficiency (4.25 mg of antibody in 1 mL of resin bed) for the four IA columns ranged from 93 to 97% with an average of 96 ± 2% (2.1%). Recoveries of the 500, 50, and 5 ng mL⁻¹ atrazine standard solutions from the four IA columns were 107 ± 7% (6.5%), 122 ± 14% (12%), and 114 ± 9% (8.0%) respectively, based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) data. The maximum loading was approximately 700 ng of atrazine for each IA column (∼0.16 μg of atrazine per mg of antibody). The IA columns could withstand 100% methanol as the elution solvent and could be reused more than 50 times with no change in performance. The IA columns were challenged with soil, sediment, and duplicate-diet food samples and effectively removed interferences from these various matrices for subsequent gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) or ELISA analysis. The log-transformed ELISA and GC/MS data were significantly correlated for soil, sediment and food samples although the ELISA values were slightly higher than those obtained by GC/MS. The IA column cleanup procedure coupled with ELISA analysis could be used as an alternative effective analytical method for the determination of atrazine in complex sample media such as soil, sediment, and food samples.     

Herbicide and degradate flux in the Yazoo River Basin

During 1996-1997, water samples were collected from five sites in the Yazoo River Basin and analysed for 14 herbicides and nine degradates. These included acetochlor, alachlor, atrazine, cyanazine, fluometuron, metolachlor, metribuzin, molinate, norflurazon, prometryn, propanil, propazine, simazine, trifluralin, three degradates of fluometuron, two degradates of atrazine, one degradate of cyanazine, norflurazon, prometryn, and propanil. Fluxes generally were higher in 1997 than in 1996 due to a greater rainfall in 1997 than 1996. Fluxes were much larger from streams in the alluvial plain (an area of very productive farmland) than from the Skuna River in the bluff hills (an area of small farms, pasture, and forest). Adding the flux of the atrazine degradates to the atrazine flux increased the total atrazine flux by an average of 14.5%. The fluometuron degradates added about 10% to the total fluometuron flux, and adding the norflurazon degradate flux to the norflurazon flux increased the flux by 82% in 1996 and by 171% in 1997.     

多合一真菌毒素免疫亲和柱的制备及其应用

以rProtein A-琼脂糖凝胶为载体,同时偶联抗黄曲霉素B1( AFB1)、玉米赤霉烯酮( ZEN)和脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇( DON)单抗,制备了AFB1-ZEN-DON三合一免疫亲和柱,并对非特异性吸附、柱空白、柱容量、柱效及样品加标回收率等指标进行评价。结果表明,0.25 mL胶对应的柱容量分别为：AFB1295 ng,ZEN 905 ng,DON 2342 ng;柱空白为0;rProtein A-琼脂糖凝胶(0.25 mL胶)对3种毒素的非特异吸附率均低于8%,3种毒素不同浓度的平均柱回收分别为97.4%、98.0%和98.4%。通过优化条件,选择80%甲醇-水(80：20, V/V)为提取溶剂,PBST稀释;FAPAS质控样本经不同批次三合一亲和柱净化后测定结果接近靶心值。制备的三合一免疫亲和柱能满足食品及饲料样品的前处理,可替代常规单一亲和柱,为多种毒素的一步富集、净化、检测奠定基础。     

Quantification of atrazine and its metabolites in urine by on-line solid-phase extraction–high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

We have developed a method using on-line solid-phase extraction–high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-HPLC-MS/MS) and isotope dilution quantification to measure atrazine and seven atrazine metabolites in urine. The metabolites measured were hydroxyatrazine, diaminochloroatrazine, desisopropylatrazine, desethylatrazine, desethylatrazine mercapturate, atrazine mercaturate and atrazine itself. Our method has good precision (relative standard deviations ranging from 4 to 20% at 5, 10 and 50 ng/mL), extraction efficiencies of 67 to 102% at 5 and 25 ng/mL, relative recoveries of 87 to 112% at 5, 25, 50 and 100 ng/mL limits of detection (LOD) ranging from 0.03 to 2.80 ng/mL. The linear range of our method spans from the analyte LOD to 100 ng/mL (40 ng/mL for atrazine and atrazine mercapturate) with R ² values of greater than 0.999 and errors about the slope of less than 3%. Our method is rapid, cost-effective and suitable for large-scale sample analyses and is easily adaptable to other biological matrices. More importantly, this method will allow us to better assess human exposure to atrazine-related chemicals. Figure A schematic representation showing the elution of the analytes from the solid-phase extraction cartridge onto the analytical column for chromatographic separation prior to MS/MS analysis     

Simultaneous Filtration and Solid-Phase Extraction Combined with Large-Volume Injection in GC/MS for Ultra-Trace Analysis of Polar Pesticides in Surface Water

A method combining simultaneous filtration and solid-phase extraction (SPE) with large-volume injection (LVI) in gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was developed to determine 13 polar pesticides in surface water. The selected pesticides - 4 organophosphorus, 7 organonitrogens and 2 triazine degradation products - were extracted from 0.5-L samples of filtered and raw water using cartridges filled with a silica-bonded material (1 g of ISOLUTE triazine, C-18) and a depth filter. No obstruction was observed during the extraction of raw water drawn from the St. Lawrence River (concentration of suspended particulate matter (SPM) ranging from 2 to 58 mg L^?1). Overall percent recoveries were satisfactory for all the target pesticides (>60%) except desisopropyl-atrazine (more polar), which varied from 29 to 46% according to sample pH. The coefficient of variation was below 10% for the majority of the target pesticides and detection limits ranged from 0.1 to 0.8 ng L^?1. Applied to real samples drawn from the St. Lawrence River, this method allowed for the detection of atrazine, cyanazine, desethyl-atrazine (DEA), desisopropyl-atrazine (DIA), metolachlor and simazine, at concentrations of 6 to 91 ng L^?1. Using atrazine and metolachlor as examples, the correlation between filtered and raw water samples was more significant for the former (r = 0.87) than for the latter (r = 0.67). Temporal variations in atrazine and metolachlor in filtered water drawn from the St. Lawrence River, for example, were similar whether using the established method, based on liquid-liquid large-volume extraction (LVE) combined with GC/NPD analysis, or the one proposed herein. The latter method, however, systematically found atrazine concentrations 62% higher than those obtained by the older one, applied to the same field samples. Thus, the switch to the new analytical method will require the application of a correction factor to the atrazine concentration time series acquired with the previously used method.     

加速溶剂-固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定土壤及蚯蚓样品中多环芳烃

研究了加速溶剂萃取( ASE)、固相萃取柱净化( SPE)、高效液相色谱( HPLC)联合( ASE-SPE-HPLC)测定土壤及蚯蚓样品中7种多环芳烃(PAHs)的分析方法,确定了以正己烷-丙酮(4∶1, V/V)作为萃取剂,用ASE对土壤及蚯蚓进行萃取,提取液经SPE柱净化(土壤样品用硅胶柱净化,蚯蚓样品用 Al2 O3-硅胶柱净化),正己烷-二氯甲烷(9∶1, V/V)进行洗脱,洗脱体积为10 mL,旋转浓缩蒸干后,乙腈定容,过0.22μm有机滤膜,最后用HPLC对提取液中7种PAHs进行定量的分析方法。土壤样品方法回收率在83.5%~110.2%之间,相对标准偏差为1.0%~4.6%;蚯蚓样品回收率在81.2%~97.1%之间,相对标准偏差为1.6%~4.2%。方法检出限为0.15~0.85μg/kg,且重现性好。可满足样品分析的质量控制要求,表明本分析方法具有良好的准确性与可靠性。