细菌光合反应中心突变体原初电子转移机理的理 论研究

利用量子化学DFT从头计算方法,计算经过突变的细菌光合反应中心HM202L原始电子给体和其他色素分子的电子结构,然后对其原初电子转移机理进行探讨。结果表明：1)超分子D-2A的HOMO主要是由定域在其组成单元BChl~L分子上的原子轨道组成,而它的LUMO主要是由定域在其组成单元MBPheo~M分子上的原子轨道组成。这表明它在基态的激发态时分别存在超分子内的电荷分离态[BChl~L^--MBPheo~M^+]和[BChl~L^+-MBPheo~M^-]。同时也说明了D-2A阳离子态的正电荷完全分布在组成单元细菌叶绿素分子BChl~L上,与实验事实相符。2)HM202L细菌光合反应中心原初电子转移反应存在由ABCha~L^h^*驱动的电子转移反应。     

Rps. viridis光合反应中心分子间相互作用对电子转移机理影响的理论研究

基于晶体结构并经QM/MM优化后的结构数据, 用量子化学密度泛函(DFT, B3LYP)方法, 在6-31G基组水平上, 对紫色光合细菌Rhodopseudomonas(Rps.)viridis 反应中心内, 色素分子与蛋白质环境中氨基酸残基以及水分子间的配位及氢键等相互作用对反应中心原初电子转移反应机理的影响进行了探讨. 结果表明: 组氨酸残基的轴向配位使色素分子的ELUMO显著升高, 这对电子转移能够进行极为重要; 而氢键作用使色素分子的E_LUMO有所降低, 有利于说明电子转移由原初电子给体P沿L分支进行. 文中结果支持电子转移反应为不经过辅助细菌叶绿素的一步过程. 只将色素分子周围的蛋白质环境作为具有一定介电常数的均匀介质来处理是远远不够的.     

光系统Ⅱ反应中心内组氨酸参与给体端次级电子转移反应的人工模拟ESR研究

对高等植物光系统皿(PS)反应中心的超分子模型化合物光诱导电子转移(PET)过程的研究主要集中在原初电子给体P。s。与其还原侧电子受体间的电子转移反应[‘’u．近年来,随着人们对高等植     

Diels-Alder反应活性的量子化学计算研究

通过HF/6-31G*方法对Diels-Alder反应的一些双烯体及亲双烯体分子进行了结构优化和能量计算。对分子的LUMO、HOMO轨道能量的分析发现,给电子取代基双烯体与吸电子取代基亲双烯体、吸电子取代基双烯体与给电子取代基亲双烯体的Diels-Alder反应较易进行,只是反应开始第一步两者电子流向相反。计算结果表明,反应进行的可能性与一个反应分子LUMO轨道和另一个反应分子HOMO轨道能量之差呈正相关。     

Diels-Alder反应中电子流动情况探讨

采用B3LYP计算证实,在Diels-Alder反应中,电子流动是双向的,即双烯体和亲双烯体各自用自己的HOMO与对方的LUMO反应,这与传统上认为电子仅仅由双烯体流向亲双烯体不同。     

氰基苯阴离子与CO2间的内球电子转移

用半经验AM1方法以及从头算方法在3-21G和6－31G*基组水平上研究了从氰基苯阴离子到CO2的电子转移过程．结果表明，对于先驱物(precursor),三种计算方法得出的给体、受体间的距离分别为0.2728nm(AM1)、0.2479nm（UHF/3-21G）和0.2769nm(UHF/6-31G*)．在这样短的距离内给体的HOMO与受体的LUMO轨道具有相当程度的重叠，应产生较强的相互作用，说明此反应是内球电子转移反应，从而解释了此类体系的电子转移反应不符合Marcus理论的原因．计算给出先驱物的束缚能为0.19eV(AM1)和0.26eV(6-31G*)     

Mn(Ⅲ,Ⅲ)配合物及含酚配体[N4O3]3--Ru(bPy)3模型化合物的性能研究

为了对绿色植物光系统Ⅱ给体部分进行模拟,合成了1个新的高价双核配合物[Mn2(Ⅲ,Ⅲ)L(μ-OAc)2]*PF6 (2a),其中H3L为2,6-二{[(2-羟基-5-叔丁基苄基)(吡啶-2-亚甲基)胺基]亚甲基}-4-甲基苯酚.与目前的PSⅡ模型化合物[Mn2(Ⅱ,Ⅱ)-(bpmp)(μ-OAc)2]*ClO4 (1) [Hbpmp 2,6-二{[N,N-二(吡啶-2-亚甲基)胺基]亚甲基}-4-甲基苯酚]相比,配合物2a中增加了2个酚羟基及2个叔丁基,由此带来的改进使新模型更接近于自然界四核锰簇(OEC)的真实结构.在此基础上,我们将该配体通过酰胺键与[Ru(bPy)3]2+相连设计了光诱导电子转移模型化合物2b.其中[Ru(bPy)3]2+具有良好的光电性能,用于模拟PSⅡ中酶P680.通过紫外可见、红外、荧光发射光谱及电化学对化合物进行了光、电性能研究,结果表明配合物2b具有良好的光物理性质,而且2b中Ru3+/Ru2+的氧化还原电位比Phenol+/Phenol和Mn(Ⅲ,Ⅳ)/Mn(Ⅲ,Ⅲ)的高,说明2b配位金属Mn后可满足自然界PSⅡ电子转移的基本要求,是用来模拟PSⅡ给体部分较理想的模型.     

饱和烃C-H键的活化及其配位催化反应

本文评述了饱和烃C—H键活化的最近进展,从配位催化和量子化学的观点,推断了饱和烃C—H键活化及其配位催化反应的机理:首先是它的非定域轨道里的电子对配位在催化剂中心金属的d_z~2/d_■~2-■~2混合轨道上,然后电子从催化剂的HOMO流向底物的LUMO,发生氧化加成反应,生成烷基金属氢化物过渡态,最后经插入反应、还原消除反应,完成整个催化循环。此外,还展望了未来的发展前景。     

靛族染料发色体电子光谱性质的含时密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函方法(DFT)在B3LYP／6—31 ^*水平上对一系列靛族染料发色体的几何构型进行优化计算；在获得基态稳定结构的基础上，应用含时密度泛函理论(TD—DFT)在相同水平下计算其电子吸收光谱．探讨了不同给电子基团和发色体的延伸对电子吸收光谱的影响，得到了与对应母体化合物一致的变化规律．结果表明，给电子基团给电子能力的增强和发色体的纵向延伸分别使光谱产生一定红移和轻微的蓝移．通过对前线轨道组成进行自然布居分析，揭示了靛族染料的发光均源自分子中HOMO—LUMO(π→π^*)电子跃迁．     

(NiV13O38)7-的电子结构和催化性质的探讨

使用SCC－DV－Xα方法研究了高钒杂多化合物（NiV13O38）7-的电子结构，并探讨了它的催化性质·结果表明，（NiV13O38）7-是一种比Keggin结构更强的催化剂。分析了该阴离子中的键的强弱关系，认为配位数越少的氧与V形成的键越强．并分析了前线轨道HOMO，LUMO的组成，从而得出它的催化活性中心是Ni，V、一配位端氧，二、三配位桥氧，五配位中心氧的结论。     

HEPT类化合物的QSAR研究

为定量结构／活性相关性研究提取了量子化学参数,拓扑指数Am,分子连接性指数^mxt及疏水性常数,同时应用正交变换和最佳变量子集算法（Leaps-and-Bonds)进行了变量压缩和选择,进而实施了多元回归分析,并由此结果进行了HEPT类化合物（1－[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-6-(phenylthio)-thymine derivatives)的结构／活性关系的理论解释,进行了人工神经网络法对于该类化合物的活性预测,其结构明显好于多元回归法。     

Effect of the pH of the medium on the chemical shifts in the PMR spectra and on the distribution of the π-electron density

The dependence of the chemical shifts of the ring protons on the pH of the medium for a number of 4-hydroxyquinoline derivatives was studied by means of PMR spectroscopy. The dipolar and uncharged hydroxy forms exist in equilibrium in aqueous solutions. The effect of intramolecular hydrogen bonding on the character of the dependence of the chemical shift on the pH of the medium in the case of 3-piperidinomethyl-4-hydroxyisoquinoline was investigated. The possibility of the separate protonation of the ring nitrogen and the side-chain nitrogen in 3-piperidinomethyl-4-hydroxyisoquinoline was established. The distribution of the -electron density in 4-hydroxyisoquinoline is in good agreement with its chemical behavior.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 11, pp. 1546–1549, November, 1971     

Effect of the pH of the medium on the chemical shifts in the PMR spectra and on the distribution of the π-electron density

The dependence of the chemical shift of the ring protons on the pH of the medium for a number of 3-hydroxyquinoline derivatives was studied by PMR spectroscopy. The regions of ionization of the molecules, which correspond to the ranges of acidic, neutral, and alkaline media, were found. In D₂O, 3-hydroxyquinoline is present only in the uncharged hydroxy form. The presence of intramolecular hydrogen bonding in 4-dimethylaminomethyl-3-hydroxyquinoline has a substantial effect on the character of the dependence of the chemical shift on the pH of the medium; the existence of separate protonation of the nitrogen atoms of the ring and the side chain of 4-dimethylaminomethyl-3-hydroxyquinoline was established. The distribution of the -electron density in the 3-hydroxyquinoline molecule is in good agreement with its chemical behavior during electrophilic substitution.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 11, pp. 1540–1545, November, 1971.     

From the Micro- to the Macro-: Managing the Conservation of the Warship,Vasa

Sweden's famous warship, Vasa, sank on her maiden voyage in August 1628, and remained on the bottom of Stockholm harbour for 333 years. Raised in 1961, she became the first large-scale wooden object to be treated with polyethylene glycol (PEG). In the summer of 2000 a number of acidic salt precipitations were noticed on the surface of the ship and on wooden artefacts in the storerooms. An international research project has been established to look into the causes of this problem and suggest possible re-treatments. Meanwhile projects are underway to monitor movements in the ship, to build a better support system, and to replace the thousands of iron bolts holding the structure together, while a sophisticated new climate system has recently been installed in the museum.     

On the theory underlying the Car-Parrinello method and the role of the fictitious mass parameter

The theory underlying the Car-Parrinello extended-Lagrangian approach to ab initio molecular dynamics (CPMD) is reviewed and reexamined using "heavy" ice as a test system. It is emphasized that the adiabatic decoupling in CPMD is not a decoupling of electronic orbitals from the ions but only a decoupling of a subset of the orbital vibrational modes from the rest of the necessarily coupled system of orbitals and ions. Recent work [J. Chem. Phys. 116, 14 (2002)] has pointed out that, due to the orbital-ion coupling that remains once adiabatic decoupling has been achieved, a large value of the fictitious mass mu can lead to systematic errors in the computed forces in CPMD. These errors are further investigated in the present work with a focus on those parts of these errors that are not corrected simply by rescaling the masses of the ions. It is suggested that any comparison of the efficiencies of Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) and CPMD should be performed at a similar level of accuracy. If accuracy is judged according to the average magnitude of the systematic errors in the computed forces, the efficiency of BOMD compares more favorably to that of CPMD than previous comparisons have suggested.