适合学生探究氯气性质的微型实验装置

氯气的制备及其化学性质的研究是高中化学课程中的重要部分。然而,氯气的毒性和危害是学生亲自进行氯气制备和性质实验的最大障碍。本文运用微型实验的思想对氯气的制备和性质实验装置进行了精心设计,大大降低了氯气的危害程度,达到了能让学生安全操作的水平;同时,该套实验装置也同样适用于其他有毒气体的制备和性质研究。     

《无机及分析化学实验》中物质的制备专题设计

在《无机及分析化学实验》物质的制备专题编写中,以制备实验的一般思路和原则为导向,对"方法引导"和"实验过程"进行了创新设计。旨在通过几个典型的无机化合物的制备实验,使学生在学习不同类型物质制备方法的基础上,熟悉制备物质的一般思路,掌握实验方案设计的基本原则,着重培养学生的基本化学实验素养和整体实验能力。     

微型化学实验与常规实验的比较研究

通过对2个有机化学实验的常规实验与微型实验加以比较,说明研究和推广微型实验的必要性. 1实验部分 (1)实验内容:乙酸乙酯的制备和苯甲酸的制备. (2)实验方法:常量法,实验方法见文献[1];微量法,实验方法见文献[2].     

利用SPSS17.0探讨制备氢氧化铁胶体的最佳实验条件

氢氧化铁胶体性质实验是高中化学中的一个重要实验,若制备胶体实验操作不当,很难得到丁达尔现象明显且稳定性良好的胶体。通过实验方案的改进与设计,用一定浓度的氢氧化钠溶液和氯化铁溶液直接混合制取氢氧化铁胶体,并测定其pH。利用SPSS17.0软件进行正交实验设计,探讨氢氧化铁胶体制备的影响因素、显著性水平及最佳实验条件。     

对几个无机制备实验的改进

通过改变实验方案和试剂用量，对硫酸铝的制备等几个无机制备实验进行了改进。     

适合中学课堂教学的氢氧化亚铁制备实验方案的研究

探讨了硫酸亚铁溶液中Fe3+的含量以及NaOH溶液的浓度对氢氧化亚铁制备的影响,发现反应体系中Fe3+的含量是影响氢氧化亚铁制备实验的关键因素,实验前应用还原铁粉与硫酸亚铁充分反应5 h以上,NaOH溶液的浓度对该实验也有重要影响.在综合理论分析和实验证据的基础上,得出了适合课堂教师演示和学生分组实验探究的氢氧化亚铁制备的实验方案.     

SPSS17.0在制备氢氧化亚铁研究中的应用

借助SPSS软件设计正交实验表,在乙醇-水体系中研究制备氢氧化亚铁的新方法,利用SPSS软件对实验结果进行方差分析,得出制备氢氧化亚铁的最佳实验条件,同时对实验结果进行分析、讨论并加以实验验证。     

氨气制备和性质的微型组合实验

利用微型气体实验仪设计了氨气的制备和性质的微型组合实验装置,依次探究了氨气的制备、收集、检验和氨气还原氧化铜、氨气的喷泉实验等,观察到了氨气还原氧化铜的实验现象。具有操作简便,现象明显,安全环保等特点。     

有机化学实验短视频辅助实验课堂教学研究

以正溴丁烷的制备实验为教学案例,对有机化学实验短视频辅助实验课堂教学模式进行了探索。该种教学模式能有效地激发学生的学习兴趣,促进学生对实验内容的理解和掌握,改善课堂教学效果。     

DOPA-PSPMA仿生共聚物综合探究性实验研究

为提高本科学生的创新创业能力,通过高分子化学实验教学使学生深入了解仿生共聚物的制备及性能的相关知识,设计了综合探究性实验。通过原子转移自由基聚合法制备仿生共聚物,并将其修饰在多种材料表面。采用X射线光电子能谱、扫描电子显微镜、生物显微镜分别对修饰材料进行表征。该实验通过共聚物的制备使学生掌握高分子化学中活性可控自由基聚合制备共聚物的方法;掌握仿生共聚物设计及构筑方法;使学生学习科研仪器的操作方法,切实提高学生的实践能力。该实验重复性好、创新性及拓展性强,将共聚物设计制备及应用有机结合,适用于高分子专业本科生综合探究性实验。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.