多壁纳米管修饰电极电催化3,4-二羟基苯甲酸研究

应用循环伏安(CV)和方波伏安(SWV)法研究3,4-二羟基苯甲酸(DHBA)在多壁碳纳米管修饰的玻碳电极上的电化学行为.实验表明:该修饰电极对DHBA有较强的电催化作用.由方波伏安法测定的氧化峰电流在DHBA浓度为4.0×10-6~1.0×10-4mol/L和2.0×10-4~8.0×10-4mol/L范围内分段呈线性变化关系;相关系数各为0.9995和0.9992,检测限1.0×10-6mol/L.     

碳纳米管／壳聚糖修饰电极的制备及其对NADH的电催化氧化

本文用浓硝酸活化多层碳纳米管,将壳聚糖与活化后的碳纳米管制备成复合材料,并将其滴涂于玻碳电极表面,制备出烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NADH)的电化学传感器。采用循环伏安法研究了该传感器的电化学性质以及对NADH的电催化氧化行为。实验结果表明,NADH在该电极上于 0.37V(vs.SCE)左右出现一氧化峰,与未修饰的玻碳电极相比,该修饰电极明显降低了NADH的氧化峰电位,消除了反应中间产物对电极表面的污染问题。对实验条件进行了优化,建立了碳纳米管/壳聚糖修饰电极微分脉冲伏安法测定NADH的方法。本文方法具有较好的重现性和选择性,对NADH检测的线性范围为1.0×10-4~9.0×10-3mol/L,检测限为9.2×10-5mol/L。     

碳纳米管修饰电极对对苯二酚和邻苯二酚的电催化研究

用循环伏安法(CV)和交流阻抗技术(EIS),研究了对苯二酚(HQ)和邻苯二酚(CC)在多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)修饰电极上的电化学行为。分析和比较了修饰电极对这两种酚的催化反应。修饰电极对两种多酚类化合物都有强烈的电催化作用,电极过程受扩散控制。在pH 5.8的HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液中,HQ在修饰电极上的线性范围是10×10-4~1.0×10-2mol/L,检出限为1.0×10-5mol/L;在pH 4.4的HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液中,CC在修饰电极上的线性范围是4.0×10-5~2.0×10-3mol/L,检出限为8.0×10-6mol/L。该修饰电极可对HQ和CC同时进行测定。     

黄嘌呤和鸟嘌呤在石墨烯-聚唑类化合物修饰电极上电化学行为

采用滴涂法和循环伏安法制备石墨烯-聚唑类化合物复合膜修饰玻碳电极,分别用循环伏安法和差分脉冲伏安法研究黄嘌呤和鸟嘌呤混合物在修饰电极上的电化学行为。在0.2 mol/L的磷酸盐缓冲液(p H 5.5)中,黄嘌呤和鸟嘌呤混合物在修饰的玻碳电极上具有较好的电化学行为。鸟嘌呤和黄嘌呤分别在4.0×10~(-4)~4.0×10~(-6)mol/L和4.0×10~(-5)~4.0×10~(-8)mol/L范围内有较好的电化学响应,鸟嘌呤和黄嘌呤检出限分别为4.0×10~(-7)mol/L和4.0×10~(-9)mol/L。方法用于同时测定人体尿液中鸟嘌呤和黄嘌呤,回收率分别为102.1%~105.9%和96.9%~106.5%。     

壳聚糖/多壁碳纳米管复合膜电化学手性识别色氨酸对映异构体

采用滴涂方式将羧酸化多壁碳纳米管(f-MWCNTs)修饰于玻碳电极(GCE)表面成膜,然后恒电位法在上述修饰电极表面电沉积壳聚糖(CS)膜,形成CS和f-MWCNTs复合膜修饰电极(CS/f-MWCNTs/GCE),并用于色氨酸(Trp)对映异构体的手性识别。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征了修饰电极表面形貌的差异,电化学阻抗(EIS)和循环伏安法(CV)研究修饰电极的电化学行为差异。差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)用于区别色氨酸(Trp)对映异构体,分离系数可达2.38。研究发现该修饰电极对L-Trp的DPV响应信号强于D-Trp,检测的线性范围为8.0×10~(-6)~4.0×10~(-3)mol/L,检出限(S/N=3)为5.0×10~(-6)mol/L。该方法简单、经济、快速,对发展其它手性化合物的检测方法提供了参考。     

普鲁士蓝/多壁碳纳米管修饰电极测定维生素C

利用电化学方法在多壁碳纳米管修饰的玻碳电极表面聚合一层普鲁士蓝,制备普鲁士蓝/多壁碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极,运用循环伏安法研究了维生素C(vc)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为.该修饰电极对Vc显示出快速的电化学响应和较好的电催化活性,在pH为4.0的磷酸盐溶液中,Ve浓度与其氧化峰电流在8.0×10-4～1.0×10-2 mol/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9993,检测限为6.4×10-5mol/L.该电极具有较好的稳定性和重现性.     

对硝基苯酚在铕离子掺杂类普鲁士蓝化学修饰玻碳电极上的电化学行为及分析测定

利用电化学沉积法制备了稀土Eu(Ⅲ)离子掺杂的类普鲁士蓝化学修饰玻碳电极,与裸玻碳电极相比,该修饰电极使对硝基苯酚的还原电位大大降低,峰电流显著增大,线性范围明显变宽。讨论了酸度、沉积量、扫速、底液等条件对对硝基苯酚在修饰电极上催化还原的影响。分别用循环伏安法和示差脉冲伏安法进行定量分析,对硝基苯酚的还原电流与浓度在2.0×10-5~2.0×10-3mol/L和2.0×10-7~8.0×10-6mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限(3σ)为6.0×10-8mol/L。该电极可用于环境水样检测。     

基于多壁碳纳米管/壳聚糖多层膜修饰玻碳电极邻苯二酚的测定

改进了碳纳米管在壳聚糖溶液中的分散方法,制备了多壁碳纳米管/壳聚糖多层膜修饰玻碳电极,对比了不同修饰层数膜电极的循环伏安和电化学阻抗行为,5层多壁碳纳米管/壳聚糖膜修饰玻碳电极的电化学性能优良.在最优实验条件下,该修饰玻碳电极对邻苯二酚(CAT)有灵敏的响应,CAT浓度在3.99×10-6～9.09×10-4mol/L范围内与氧化峰电流呈良好的线性关系,检出限为2.39×10-6mol/L(S/N=3).该修饰玻碳电极性能稳定,测定4×10-5mol/LCAT溶液,RSD(n=10)为2.1%;15周后,该电极的响应值仅降低1.9%.     

聚磺胺嘧啶修饰电极伏安法测定对乙酰氨基酚

利用循环伏安法制备了聚磺胺嘧啶修饰电极, 研究了对乙酰氨基酚在该修饰电极上的电化学行为. 该电极对对乙酰氨基酚有较强的电催化作用. 在pH 9.0的PBS缓冲溶液中, 用循环伏安法和差分脉冲伏安法在该电极上测定了对乙酰氨基酚, 其线性范围分别为4.0×10-6～3.0×10-4 mol/L和2.0×10-7～1.0×10-5 mol/L, 检出限分别为9.0×10-7 mol/L和8.0×10-8 mol/L.     

羧基化碳纳米管修饰碳糊电极伏安法测定食盐中碘酸根

应用羧基化多壁碳纳米管(c-MWCNT)修饰碳糊电极,测定食盐中的碘酸根含量.在0.1 mol/L的NaOH电解液中,当IO3-在羧基化多壁碳纳米管修饰碳糊电极表面富集60 s,电位扫速为300 mV/s时,该修饰电极在线性扫描伏安图上能出现一灵敏的阴极溶出峰,峰电位为-0.52 V,峰电流与IO3-浓度在8.0×10-10~5.0×10-8mol/L和1.0×10-7~3.0×10-6mol/L的范围内成良好线关系,相关系数分别为0.999和0.998,检出限可达1.0×10-11mol/L;该修饰电极无汞,稳定性较好,用于加碘食盐中碘酸根含量的测定灵敏度高,平均回收率为101.1%.循环伏安(CV)测试表明,碘酸根在修饰电极上电化学反应是一不可逆过程,其电极反应标准均相速率常数为0.0109 cm.s-1.     

碳纳米管含量对炭炭复合材料组织及力学性能的影响

炭纤维上原位合成了均匀生长且具有伸张形貌的碳纳米管,借助化学气相渗透制备了碳纳米管增强的炭炭复合材料,研究了不同含量的碳纳米管对炭炭复合材料组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明：炭纤维上生长碳纳米管改变了热解炭的沉积行为,诱导了各向同性热解炭的生成,且随着碳纳米管含量的增加,各向同性热解炭的厚度增加,但是复合材料的d002值却明显降低。微量的碳纳米管即可显著提高复合材料的力学强度,随着其含量的增加,复合材料的力学强度和模量迅速提高,但材料的断裂行为却急剧恶化,断裂模式由最初的假塑性断裂转变为脆性断裂。     

Adsorption of Carbon Dioxide on Activated Carbon

The adsorption of CO2 on a raw activated carbon A and three modified activated carbon samples B, C, and D at temperatures ranging from 303 to 333 K and the thermodynamics of adsorption have been investigated using a vacuum adsorption apparatus in order to obtain more information about the effect of CO2 on removal of organic sulfur-containing compounds in industrial gases. The active ingredients impregnated in the carbon samples show significant influence on the adsorption for CO2 and its volumes adsorbed on modified carbon samples B, C, and D are all larger than that on the raw carbon sample A. On the other hand, the physical parameters such as surface area, pore volume, and micropore volume of carbon samples show no influence on the adsorbed amount of CO2. The Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) equation was the best model for fitting the adsorption data on carbon samples A and B, while the Preundlich equation was the best fit for the adsorption on carbon samples C and D. The isosteric heats of adsorption on carbon samples A, B, C, and D derived from the adsorption isotherms using the Clapeyron equation decreased slightly increasing surface loading. The heat of adsorption lay between 10.5 and 28.4 kJ/mol, with the carbon sample D having the highest value at all surface coverages that were studied. The observed entropy change associated with the adsorption for the carbon samples A, B, and C (above the surface coverage of 7 ml/g) was lower than the theoretical value for mobile adsorption. However, it was higher than the theoretical value for mobile adsorption but lower than the theoretical value for localized adsorption for carbon sample D.     

广州大气细粒子中有机碳、元素碳和水溶性有机碳的分布特征

在广州市中山大学采样点进行了为期1年的大气细粒子(PM2.5)采样,监测分析得到PM2.5及有机碳(OC)、元素碳(EC)和水溶性有机碳(WSOC)等组分的质量浓度,并进行了比较和评价分析。结果表明广州市细粒子碳污染较严重。对OC、EC和WSOC质量浓度的月变化和季节变化特征进行了讨论,并分析了原因。OC、EC浓度相关性好,表明OC、EC来源大部分相同。根据OC/EC比值,估算二次有机碳(SOC)量,结果是SOC占OC的1/3。讨论了SOC和SOC/OC比值的季节分布,结果证明SOC夏季生成比冬季多。     

碳/碳复合材料碳源化合物乙苯热裂解机理的热力学研究

主要采用Gaussian 03程序中的密度泛函理论(DFT),在UB3LYP/6-31G*水平上对碳材料用碳源化合物乙苯的初期热裂解反应机理进行了研究.对反应物和产物的结构进行了能量梯度法全优化,计算了不同温度下(298～1573 K)的热力学参数.结果表明:在298～1573 K下,热力学首先支持生成甲苯自由基和甲基自由基的反应为主反应路径.低温下,生成苯乙基自由基(α位脱氢)的反应比例大于生成苯基自由基的反应,而高温下(823 K),生成苯基自由基的反应比例大于苯乙基自由基(α位脱氢)的反应.     

Carbon Whisker Membrane

We report a recent developed membrane called carbon whisker membrane (CWM). The CWMs consist of a tubular ceramic membrane covered by a layer of carbon film and carbon whiskers formed on the surface of the carbon film. Hydrocarbons such as methane and a modified chemical vapor deposition apparatus were employed for fabricating uniformed CWMs. Because of the unique feature of the CWMs, the filtration performance of the CWMs was investigated and it was found that the CWMs possess a function of anti-attachment of particles and/or biomaterials on the membranes so that the permeate flux and the cleaning process of the membrane can be improved.     

超级电容器用含氮碳与含氮碳/炭气凝胶复合电极材料的制备和性能研究

采用原位聚合法合成聚苯胺(PAIN)及聚苯胺/炭气凝胶(PAIN/CA)复合材料,经过高温裂解制备含氮碳(NC)及含氮碳/炭气凝胶复合材料(NC/CA),再以KOH为活化剂对其进行活化,制备活化含氮碳(ANC)及活化含氮碳/炭气凝胶复合材料(ANC/CA)。采用扫描电镜、循环伏安、恒流充放电以及电化学阻抗等方法进行性能测试,结果表明,由于KOH的活化作用,含氮碳材料的粒径明显变小,其比电容值为138 F/g,高于未活化含氮碳材料(98 F/g),ANC/AC3复合材料电极的比电容值比ACA电极(88 F/g)高,达到127 F/g。     

氮化钴电催化还原二氧化碳为一氧化碳

电催化还原二氧化碳是一种潜在的解决全球变暖的途径,但是仍有许多挑战. 本文报道了使用氮化钴在水溶液中电催化还原二氧化碳为一氧化碳. 通过对比不同煅烧温度及气氛合成的催化剂表明氮掺杂对催化活性的提高至关重要. 其中700-Co_5.47N/C展现了最高的催化活性,在较低的电势-0.7 V(vs. RHE)下,一氧化碳的电流密度达到9.78 mA·cm^-2. 另外,通过改变电解电压,CO/H₂ 的比例能在1:3到3:2之间调节. 91 mV·dec^-1的Tafel 斜率表明形成表面吸附的CO₂^·-中间体是CO₂表面还原的决速步骤,而氮化策略可以增加表面碱性位点的数量,从而稳定还原的中间体,提高反应效率和产物选择性.     

Carbon Nanotube@N‐Doped Mesoporous Carbon Composite Material for Supercapacitor Electrodes

Here, carbon nanotube@N‐doped mesoporous carbon (CNT@N‐PC) composites were synthesized by using resorcinol‐formaldehyde resin as carbon source, ionic liquids (ILs) as template, and nitrogen sources and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as assistant agent. The use of ILs‐modified CNT with nitrogen and TEOS facilitated the generation of a richer mesoporous structure. The obtained CNT@N‐PC was composed of a CNT core and mesoporous carbon particles around it. CNT@N‐PC showed a 3D network structure like “dewy cobwebs” and had a high surface area of 857 m² g^?1, uniform pore size distribution (3.0 nm), and suitable N content (4.9 at.%). When used as supercapacitor electrode, the CNT@N‐PC exhibited a high specific capacitance (244 F g^?1 at 1 A g^?1), good rate capability and favorable capacitance retention (92.5 % capacitive retention after 5000 cycles), demonstrating the potential for application in high‐performance supercapacitors.     

Hollow Carbon Sphere-Modified Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Efficient Photocatalytic H2 Production

A novel hybrid photocatalyst composed of hollow carbon nanospheres (NCS) and graphitic carbon nitride (CN) curly nanosheets has been prepared by the calcination of a NCS precursor and freeze-dried urea. The optimized photocatalyst exhibits an efficient photocatalytic performance under visible light irradiation with a highest H₂ generation rate of 3612.3 μmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹, leading to an apparent quantum yield of 10.04 % at 420 nm, five times higher than the widely reported benchmark photocatalyst CN (2.01 % AQY). The materials characterization shows that NCS-modified CN curly nanosheets can promote photoelectron transfer and suppress charge recombination through their special coupling interface and NCS as an electron acceptor, which significantly improves the photocatalytic efficiency. Thus, this study provides an efficient strategy for the design of highly efficient photocatalyst, particularly suitable for a totally metal-free photocatalytic system.