喷墨打印图案化高分子薄膜及其在有机电子器件加工中的应用

喷墨打印技术由于在图案化加工方面的高效、低成本、非接触形式及柔性的加工过程等特点而被应用于有机电子器件的加工中.通过打印功能性高分子溶液,喷墨打印实现了功能高分子薄膜的沉积和图案化,并实现了有机发光二极管、有机薄膜晶体管及其集成器件的加工.对喷墨打印在有机电子器件加工中取得的成果进行了总结,同时综述了高分子溶液喷墨打印过程中存在的基本科学问题和研究现状.     

有机分子电致发光材料进展*

由于有机电致发光器件在彩色平板显示等领域具有极大的应用前景,已引起广泛的关注。与无机物相比,有机发光材料具有高荧光效率、颜色的广泛选择性及易成膜性。本文主要介绍近年来有机分子电致发光材料最新的发展,并特别讨论了齐聚物和含载流子传输单元的发光体。     

不同电子传输层的蓝光有机电致发光器件的性能研究

自从Tang等^[1]首次报道多层有机电致发光器件（OLED）以来,其在亮度和效率上有了质的飞跃,表明器件的结构对提高发光亮度和发光效率起着至关重要的作用,单层器件虽然具有制作简单的优点,但却存在明显缺点：（1）复合发光区靠近金属电极,该处缺陷很多,非辐射复合几率大,导致器件效率降低;（2）由于两种载流子注入不平衡,载流子的复合几率较低,因而影响器件的发光效率,要使发光层中具有高的载流子辐射复合效率,两种载流子的注入及传输能力应相当,否则传输快的一方就会直接穿过发光层到达对电极被猝灭,平衡电子和空穴的注入与传输可通过在电极和发光层之间加入载流子输运层或限制层制作多层器件的途径来实现,基于上述考虑,我们以PPCP为发光层（PPCP是一种荧光效率较高的蓝光材料^[2-4],对其进行深入研究尚未见有文献报道＿,设计了4种不同电子传输层（ETL)的三层 结构的OLED,为研究电子传输层对器件性能的影响,我们还制备了不含电子传输层的双层器件,结果表明,通过选择合适的ETL,OLED的发光亮度及发光效率会有很大程度的改善。     

Opto-electronic polymers for advanced computer and communication technologies

This paper describes reviews about the characterization of optical and electronic (opto-electronic) organic materials including polymers, and their applications for advanced key devices used for computers and communications technologies. On the basis of the author's recent investigations, discussions are made on organic electroluminescent thin film materials for emissive display devices, polymer-dispersed liquid crystal materials for passive display devices, organic photo-conductive materials for electrophotographic printer devices, and highly electroconductive polymers for solid tantalum capacitors. Finally, technical issues and development prospects for the opto-electronic organic materials in the 21st century are suggested.     

氮杂苯并菲类n-型有机半导体材料研究进展

苯并菲盘状液晶是一类新型的有机电子学材料.该类材料多数以空穴传输功能为主,能传输电子的n-型材料较少.氮杂苯并菲是与苯并菲衍生物非常相似的一种杂环化合物,材料结构中引入了氮原子,吸电子能力得到增强,是潜在的n-型有机半导体材料,具有重要的应用价值.本文系统回顾了氮杂苯并菲类盘状液晶材料的研究进展,分类讨论了材料的分子结构,其中包括二、四、六氮杂苯并菲,以及它们的合成方法和物理化学性能,论述了材料在光电子领域的最新使用进展,并在此基础上,对该类液晶材料作为n-型有机半导体在光电子器件领域的应用前景进行了展望.     

Small molecule organic semiconductors on the move: promises for future solar energy technology

This article is written from an organic chemist's point of view and provides an up-to-date review about organic solar cells based on small molecules or oligomers as absorbers and in detail deals with devices that incorporate planar-heterojunctions (PHJ) and bulk heterojunctions (BHJ) between a donor (p-type semiconductor) and an acceptor (n-type semiconductor) material. The article pays particular attention to the design and development of molecular materials and their performance in corresponding devices. In recent years, a substantial amount of both, academic and industrial research, has been directed towards organic solar cells, in an effort to develop new materials and to improve their tunability, processability, power conversion efficiency, and stability. On the eve of commercialization of organic solar cells, this review provides an overview over efficiencies attained with small molecules/oligomers in OSCs and reflects materials and device concepts developed over the last decade. Approaches to enhancing the efficiency of organic solar cells are analyzed.     

有机电致磷光材料的分子设计：从主体材料到客体材料

有机电致磷光器件的设计和利用，可以突破由三线态激子跃迁自旋禁阻引起的有机电致荧光器件量子效率的限制。本文综述了有机电致磷光器件和材料的研究进展，主要介绍了主体材料和客体材料的研究现状，特别是蓝光磷光器件主客体材料的研究情况。     

Organic electronic devices and their functional interfaces.

A most appealing feature of the development of (opto)electronic devices based on conjugated organic materials is the highly visible link between fundamental research and technological advances. Improved understanding of organic material properties can often instantly be implemented in novel device architectures, which results in rapid progress in the performance and functionality of devices. An essential ingredient for this success is the strong interdisciplinary nature of the field of organic electronics, which brings together experts in chemistry, physics, and engineering, thus softening or even removing traditional boundaries between the disciplines. Naturally, a thorough comprehension of all properties of organic insulators, semiconductors, and conductors is the goal of current efforts. Furthermore, interfaces between dissimilar materials-organic/organic and organic/inorganic-are inherent in organic electronic devices. It has been recognized that these interfaces are a key for device function and efficiency, and detailed investigations of interface physics and chemistry are at the focus of research. Ultimately, a comprehensive understanding of phenomena at interfaces with organic materials will improve the rational design of highly functional organic electronic devices.     

有机单晶场效应晶体管

有机单晶场效应晶体管的研究对于探索电子的本质特性具有十分重要的意义。近几年来，不管是在制备技术还是在器件性能的研究方面，有机单晶场效应晶体管均取得了很大的进步，并由此引起了社会的广泛关注，成为场效应晶体管领域的一个重要研究方向。本文主要介绍了有机单晶的生长方法、有机场效应器件的各种制备技术、器件的迁移率及其影响因素，并对有机单晶场效应晶体管的发展前景和面临的一些问题作了简要的讨论。     

Synthesis,Characterization, and Non‐Volatile Memory Device Application of an N‐Substituted Heteroacene

N‐substituted heteroacenes have been widely used as electroactive layers in organic electronic devices, and only a few of them have been investigated in organic resistive memory devices. Here, a novel N‐substituted heteroacene 2‐(4′‐(diphenylamino)phenyl)‐4,11‐bis((triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl)‐1H‐imidazo[4,5‐b]phenazine ( DBIP ) has been designed, synthesized, and characterized. Sandwich‐structure memory devices based on DBIP have been fabricated and the devices show non‐volatile and stable memory character with good endurance performance.     

有机单晶场效应晶体管

有机单晶场效应晶体管的研究对于探索电子的本质特性具有十分重要的意义。近几年来,不管是在制备技术还是在器件性能的研究方面,有机单晶场效应晶体管均取得了很大的进步,并由此引起了社会的广泛关注,成为场效应晶体管领域的一个重要研究方向。本文主要介绍了有机单晶的生长方法、有机场效应器件的各种制备技术、器件的迁移率及其影响因素,并对有机单晶场效应晶体管的发展前景和面临的一些问题作了简要的讨论。     

有机、聚合物薄膜电致发光器件的研究进展

有机、聚合物薄膜电致发光器件是近年来国际上的一个研究热点。与无机材料相比, 有机材料具有更高的发光效率和更宽的发光颜色选择范围, 并且具有容易大面积成膜的优越性。本文介绍了有机、聚合物薄膜电致发光器件的结构和制备、发光机理以及有关材料的选择, 并对该研究领域的最新动态、器件的稳定性问题以及应用前景进行了讨论。     

Combining Fullerenes and Zwitterions in Non‐Conjugated Polymer Interlayers to Raise Solar Cell Efficiency

Polymer zwitterions were synthesized by nucleophilic ring‐opening of 3,3′‐(but‐2‐ene‐1,4‐diyl)bis(1,2‐oxathiolane 2,2‐dioxide) (a bis‐sultone) with functional perylene diimide (PDI) or fullerene monomers. Integration of these polymers into solar cell devices as cathode interlayers boosted efficiencies of fullerene‐based organic photovoltaics (OPVs) from 2.75 % to 10.74 %, and of non‐fullerene‐based OPVs from 4.25 % to 10.10 %, demonstrating the versatility of these interlayer materials in OPVs. The fullerene‐containing polymer zwitterion ( C₆₀‐PZ ) showed a higher interfacial dipole (Δ) value and electron mobility than its PDI counterpart ( PDI‐PZ ), affording solar cells with high efficiency. The power of PDI‐PZ and C₆₀‐PZ to improve electron injection and extraction processes when positioned between metal electrodes and organic semiconductors highlights their promise to overcome energy barriers at the hard‐soft materials interface of organic electronics.     

有机自旋光电子学的基本过程

有机自旋光电子学的研究方向分为磁场效应和自旋注入两个方面.研究表明,外加低磁场能够显著改变非磁性有机半导体材料的光致发光、注入电流、电致发光和光电流.这称为有机半导体材料的磁场效应.近年来,非磁性有机半导体材料的磁场效应引起了广泛的关注和研究兴趣.首先,有机半导体材料的磁场效应是强有力的实验手段,用以研究有机电学、光学和光电器件中电荷传输和激发态中的有用和无用过程,为解决电荷传输和激发态过程中的瓶颈问题提供有效的实验手段,为实现磁-光-电多功能集成提供科学原理,尤其是磁场效应能够为提高能量转换效率、探测和传感光电子学器件的响应频谱范围和灵敏度提供新思路.同时利用磁电极,有机半导体材料和器件中自旋注入及其对电荷传输和激发态过程的调控可以用于发展新型功能化的自旋光电子学器件.本文综述并讨论了有机半导体材料和器件中的磁场效应和自旋注入的光电子学效应.     

Electronic structure and electrical properties of interfaces between metals and π‐conjugated molecular films

The field of organic thin films and devices is progressing at an extremely rapid pace. Organic–metal and organic–organic interfaces play crucial roles in charge injection into, and transport through, these devices. Their electronic structure, chemical properties, and electrical behavior must be fully characterized and understood if the engineering and control of organic devices are to reach the levels obtained for inorganic semiconductor devices. This article provides an extensive, although admittedly nonexhaustive, review of experimental work done in our group on the electronic structure and electrical properties of interfaces between films of π‐conjugated molecular films and metals. It introduces several mechanisms currently believed to affect the formation of metal–organic interface barriers. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 2529–2548, 2003     

酚基吡啶硼配合物发光材料

主要介绍双酚基吡啶硼配合物的合成、分子结构、分子堆积结构及其在有机电致发光器件中的应用.研究结果表明一些双酚基吡啶硼配合物可以作为发光材料制备性能优良的电致发光器件.     

Electroactive Organic Building Blocks for the Chemical Design of Functional Porous Frameworks (MOFs and COFs) in Electronics

Electroactive organic molecules have received a lot of attention in the field of electronics because of their fascinating electronic properties, easy functionalization and potential low cost towards their implementation in electronic devices. In recent years, electroactive organic molecules have also emerged as promising building blocks for the design and construction of crystalline porous frameworks such as metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent-organic frameworks (COFs) for applications in electronics. Such porous materials present certain additional advantages such as, for example, an immense structural and functional versatility, combination of porosity with multiple electronic properties and the possibility of tuning their physical properties by post-synthetic modifications. In this Review, we summarize the main electroactive organic building blocks used in the past few years for the design and construction of functional porous materials (MOFs and COFs) for electronics with special emphasis on their electronic structure and function relationships. The different building blocks have been classified based on the electronic nature and main function of the resulting porous frameworks. The design and synthesis of novel electroactive organic molecules is encouraged towards the construction of functional porous frameworks exhibiting new functions and applications in electronics.     

Organic Supercapacitors as the Next Generation Energy Storage Device: Emergence,Opportunity, and Challenges

Harnessing new materials for developing high-energy storage devices set off research in the field of organic supercapacitors. Various attractive properties like high energy density, lower device weight, excellent cycling stability, and impressive pseudocapacitive nature make organic supercapacitors suitable candidates for high-end storage device applications. This review highlights the overall progress and future of organic supercapacitors. Sustainable energy production and storage depend on low cost, large supercapacitor packs with high energy density. Organic supercapacitors with high pseudocapacitance, lightweight form factor, and higher device potential are alternatives to other energy storage devices. There are many recent ongoing research works that focus on organic electrolytes along with the material aspect of organic supercapacitors. This review summarizes the current research status and the chemistry behind the storage mechanism in organic supercapacitors to overcome the challenges and achieve superior performance for future opportunities.     

一种新的有机污染物采样装置

介绍了一种由类脂物和半透膜组成的采样装置,该装置可模拟生物监测可被生物订的有机污染物。将其用于监测大气、水体、沉积物中的多氯联苯（ＰＣＢｓ）、有机氯农药（ＯＣＰ）和多环芳烃（ＰＡＨｓ）时,结果满意。     

Development of Microdroplet Generation Method for Organic Solvents Used in Chemical Synthesis

Recently, chemical operations with microfluidic devices, especially droplet-based operations, have attracted considerable attention because they can provide an isolated small-volume reaction field. However, analysis of these operations has been limited mostly to aqueous-phase reactions in water droplets due to device material restrictions. In this study, we have successfully demonstrated droplet formation of five common organic solvents frequently used in chemical synthesis by using a simple silicon/glass-based microfluidic device. When an immiscible liquid with surfactant was used as the continuous phase, the organic solvent formed droplets similar to water-in-oil droplets in the device. In contrast to conventional microfluidic devices composed of resins, which are susceptible to swelling in organic solvents, the developed microfluidic device did not undergo swelling owing to the high chemical resistance of the constituent materials. Therefore, the device has potential applications for various chemical reactions involving organic solvents. Furthermore, this droplet generation device enabled control of droplet size by adjusting the liquid flow rate. The droplet generation method proposed in this work will contribute to the study of organic reactions in microdroplets and will be useful for evaluating scaling effects in various chemical reactions.