基于超高效合相色谱对黄芪中5种主要黄酮类化合物的快速检测

建立了利用超高效合相色谱法(Ultra performance convergence chromatography,UPC2)快速分离和测定黄芪中5种主要黄酮类化合物(毛蕊异黄酮、毛蕊异黄酮苷、美的紫檀素、芒柄花苷、芒柄花素)的方法.黄芪样品采用80％乙醇提取后,以超临界CO2-0.2％ H3PO4-甲醇溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,色谱柱为Waters ACQUITY UPC2 CSH柱(100 mm×3.0 mm,1.8 μm),柱温为40℃,流速为0.4 mL/min,进样量为1μL,检测波长为280 nm.整个分析过程仅需15 min,分析速度是传统液相色谱的3倍以上.结果表明:毛蕊异黄酮、毛蕊异黄酮苷、美的紫檀素、芒柄花苷与芒柄花素的检出限及定量限范围分别在0.3 ～0.5 mg/kg和1.0～2.0 mg/kg之间,5种黄酮类成分的加标平均回收率均高于99.7％,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于2.2％(n=6);在最优条件下,对13批不同产地的黄芪进行检测,毛蕊异黄酮、毛蕊异黄酮苷、美的紫檀素、芒柄花苷与芒柄花素的含量范围分别在4.8 ～ 102 mg/kg、14 ～ 277 mg/kg、0 ～ 135 mg/kg、5.3 ～ 119 mg/kg及2.8 ～ 41 mg/kg之间;本方法简便快速,重复性良好,结果准确可靠,可用于黄芪药材中5种主要黄酮类成分的含量测定.     

高效液相色谱-电喷雾质谱联用测定黄芪黄酮苷酶解产物

高效液相色谱-电喷雾质谱(HPLC-ESI-MS)联用分析黄芪中的黄酮类化合物结果表明黄芪黄酮提取物主要包含毛蕊异黄酮-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、芒柄花苷、9, 10 -二甲氧基紫檀烷-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷以及2'-羟基-3',4'-二甲氧基异黄烷-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷等黄酮苷,黄芪黄酮提取物经过β-葡萄糖苷酶(1 IU/mL)粗酶液酶解后,HPLC-ESI-MS分析酶解生成产物主要为黄酮苷元毛蕊异黄酮、芒柄花素、3-羟基-9,10 -二甲氧基紫檀烷以及7, 2'-二羟基-3',4'-二甲氧基异黄烷.其中前两种主要的黄酮苷酶解率均达90%以上.酶解后所得产物对DPPH自由基清除率是酶解前的1.4倍.因此,通过β-葡萄糖苷酶水解可以有效地将黄芪黄酮转化为相应的黄酮苷元,大大提高黄芪黄酮提取物的抗氧化活性.     

黄芪异黄酮类化合物抗氧化活性的密度泛函理论研究

本文采用密度泛函理论中的B3LYP方法在6-311G(d,p)水平上对黄芪中的四种异黄酮类化合物毛蕊异黄酮、毛蕊异黄酮苷、芒柄花素、芒柄花苷进行了优化计算,从四个分子的几何结构、酚羟基氢原子上的NBO电荷、酚羟基解离能、HOMO和LUMO能级以及其能级差△E(LUMO-HOMO)等方面分析了四种黄芪异黄酮类化合物清除自由基的活性.C3.位的酚羟基为毛蕊异黄酮苷元及其苷分子的最大可能活性位点,C7位酚羟基也具有一定的活性,可以增加分子本身的抗氧化活性,C7位酚羟基为芒柄花素分子的活性位点.C3,位或C7位上酚羟基氢原子带正电荷越大、酚羟基的解离能越小、△E(LUMO-HOMO)越小、HOMO能级相对越高分子的抗氧化活性越高.糖苷取代C7位酚羟基上的H原子,可以提高HOMO、LUMO的轨道能级,但是分子失去了7位酚羟基,从而降低了毛蕊异黄酮苷分子的抗氧化活性.结果表明,四种黄芪异黄酮类化合物的抗氧化能力大小为:毛蕊异黄酮＞毛蕊异黄酮苷＞芒柄花素＞＞芒柄花苷.对芒柄花素和羟基自由基反应的过渡态进行了计算研究.     

黄芪中黄酮类化合物的超临界流体色谱分离方法研究

考察了超临界流体色谱（SFC）中的色谱柱、改性剂、添加剂、流速、柱温和背压等因素对9种黄酮类成分（包括芒柄花素、异鼠李素、毛蕊异黄酮、山奈酚、槲皮素、紫云英苷、芒柄花苷、异槲皮苷、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷）分离的影响,与高效液相色谱法（HPLC）进行了比较,并建立了黄芪饮片中5种主要黄酮类化合物的SFC分析方法。采用Agilent ZORBAX RX－SIL色谱柱（4.6 mm × 150 mm,5 μm）进行分离,CO2－0.1%磷酸甲醇溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,流速为3 mL/min;柱温为35 ℃;背压为10 MPa,9种黄酮类化合物可在10 min内实现基线分离。5种黄酮类化合物在一定质量浓度范围内均具有良好的线性关系（r2 ≥ 0.963 2）,检出限为10.69 ~ 16.21 μg/mL,日内相对标准偏差（RSD）为1.3% ~ 2.0%;日间RSD为1.6% ~ 2.2%。5种黄酮类化合物在48 h内具有良好的稳定性,重复性为3.6% ~ 6.0%,回收率为91.8% ~ 112%。与HPLC法相比,9种化合物的保留时间顺序基本相反,SFC法更快速、经济环保,且其保留及选择性受色谱柱、改性剂和添加剂的影响较大,添加剂对色谱峰形影响明显。     

膜荚黄芪与蒙古黄芪化学成分的高效液相色谱-质谱研究

采用高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术对膜荚黄芪及蒙古黄芪药材的甲醇提取物进行了对比分析。选用Inertsil ODS C18不锈钢柱，以乙腈-水梯度洗脱，流速1．0mL／min，柱温25℃，二级管阵列（PDA）和电喷雾电离质谱（ESI-MS）同时在线检测。通过与标准品对照、紫外光谱及多级质谱分析并与文献对照鉴定了14个成分，分别是：毛蕊异黄酮-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（1）、芒柄花苷（2）、9，10．二甲氧基紫檀烷．3-O-β-D．吡喃葡萄糖苷（3）、2’-羟基-3’，4’-二甲氧基异黄烷-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（4）、毛蕊异黄酮（5）、黄芪甲苷（6）、黄芪皂苷Ⅱ（7）、异黄芪皂苷Ⅱ（8）、芒柄花素（9）、黄芪皂苷Ⅰ（10）、异黄芪皂苷Ⅰ（11）、蔗糖（12）、毛蕊异黄酮（7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷-6″-O-丙二酸酯（13）、乙酰黄芪皂苷Ⅰ（14）。经对比发现，膜荚黄芪和蒙古黄芪的主要化学成分相似但也存在一些差异。对黄芪主要成分的电喷雾质谱裂解规律进行了归纳总结。     

HPLC法测定黄芪中黄酮类成分和黄芪甲苷的含量

比较黄芪对照药材和甘肃省近20个乡镇大面积种植的黄芪中黄芪甲苷和2个黄酮类化合物的含量,确定甘肃黄芪质量评价指标 采用KromasilODS-1色谱柱,甲醇-水为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速为1.0mL/min,检测波长254nm测定黄酮类成分的含量;乙腈-水为流动相,等度洗脱,流速为1.0mL/min,检测波长为200nm测定黄芪甲苷的含量.黄酮类成分毛蕊异黄酮的线性范围为2.350×10-3～4.700×10-2μg,平均回收率为98.34%,RSD为2.00%;芒柄花素线性范围为:2.325×10-3～4.650×10-2μg,平均回收率为96.53%,RSD为1.63%;黄芪甲苷线性范围为1.215～6.075μg,平均回收率为101.47%,RSD为2.21%.该方法简便,可靠,准确,具有一定的实用性,可用于黄芪药材质量控制.     

高效液相色谱-电喷雾质谱法测定红车轴草中异黄酮类化合物

采用高效液相色谱与电喷雾质谱联用技术研究了红车轴草中的异黄酮类化合物.实验采用反相C18色谱柱,二元线性梯度洗脱,分离并检测了红车轴草中的14种异黄酮类化合物;通过与电喷雾质谱联用获得了相应化合物的分子量信息,并利用质谱的源内碰撞诱导解离技术鉴定这些化合物的可能结构分别为大豆苷、野靛苷-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、芒柄花苷、德鸢尾素-4'-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、大豆苷元、印度黄檀苷、樱黄素-4'-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、染料木素、红车轴草素、芒柄花素、樱黄素、鹰嘴豆芽素A、野靛苷和德鸢尾素.     

高效液相色谱-电喷雾质谱法测定红车轴草中异黄酮类化合物

采用高效液相色谱与电喷雾质谱联用技术研究了红车轴草中的异黄酮类化合物。实验采用反相C18色谱柱，二元线性梯度洗脱，分离并检测了红车轴草中的14种异黄酮类化合物；通过与电喷雾质谱联用获得了相应化合物的分子量信息，并利用质谱的源内碰撞诱导解离技术鉴定这些化合物的可能结构分别为：大豆苷、野靛苷-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、芒柄花苷、德鸢尾素-4＇-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、大豆苷元、印度黄檀苷、樱黄素-4＇-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、染料木素、红车轴草素、芒柄花素、樱黄素、鹰嘴豆芽素A、野靛苷和德鸢尾素。     

高速逆流色谱法分离纯化黄芪中的芒柄花素和毛蕊异黄酮

采用高速逆流色谱法(HSCCC),以正己烷-氯仿-甲醇-水组成二相系统作为固定相与流动相,对黄芪的乙酸乙酯粗提 物进行了分离纯化。 结果发现:以正己烷-氯仿-甲醇-水(体积比为1.5∶3∶3∶2)组成的系统可以从黄芪的乙酸乙酯粗 提物中分离出毛蕊异黄酮,纯度可达95％以上,并可以初步纯化芒柄花素;接着用正己烷-氯仿-甲醇-水(体积比为4∶4∶5 ∶4)组成的系统进一步纯化芒柄花素,其纯度达95％以上。利用该方法,可以对中药黄芪中的异黄酮进行快速的分离和纯 化。     

三种抗氧化物质与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用

运用荧光光谱(FS)、紫外光谱(UV)和超滤(UF)法, 研究了阿魏酸、毛蕊异黄酮及芒柄花素三种抗氧化小分子物质与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的结合反应. 以Lineweaver-Burk双倒数方程和能量传递原理分别计算了三者与BSA反应的结合常数(K_LB)和结合距离(r)以及由热力学参数的计算判断了三种小分子物质与BSA结合的作用力类型; 以Scatchard方程计算了三种小分子与BSA的结合常数(K_a)和结合位点数(n); 并对阿魏酸与毛蕊异黄酮及芒柄花素的竞争结合反应进行了研究. 实验结果表明: 这三种物质能与BSA结合形成非共价复合物, 导致BSA内源性荧光的静态猝灭; 它们与BSA的结合能力随着极性基团的增多、分子体积的增大而减弱; 静电作用和疏水作用可能是它们与BSA结合的主要作用力; 阿魏酸与芒柄花素或毛蕊异黄酮会产生与BSA的竞争结合效应.     

木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷在几种分子聚集体系中的增溶行为研究

木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷是活性较高的一种天然黄酮化合物, 由于其本身的低水溶性使其应用受到限制. 制备了三种微乳体系, 用HPLC法研究了木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷在这三种微乳体系及CTAB和吐温80胶束中的溶解能力; 并用紫外光谱法和核磁共振波谱法分析了木犀草素糖苷与十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和吐温80的作用机制. 研究表明: 五种分子聚集体系对木犀草素糖苷有明显的增溶效果; 木犀草素糖苷可能与CTAB、吐温80形成了缔合物, 缔合平衡常数分别为2326 L/mol和362 L/mol, 其增溶位点分别是CTAB胶束的亲水外层和吐温80胶束的栅栏层.     

Structural relationship and binding mechanisms of five flavonoids with bovine serum albumin

Flavonoids are structurally diverse and the most ubiquitous groups of dietary polyphenols distributed in various fruits and vegetables. In this study, the interaction between five flavonoids, namely formononetin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, calycosin- 7-O-β-D-glucoside, calycosin, rutin, and quercetin, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated by fluorescence and UV-vis absorbance spectroscopy. In the discussion, it was proved that the fluorescence quenching of BSA by flavonoids was a result of the formation of a flavonoid-BSA complex. Fluorescence quenching constants were determined using the Stern-Volmer and Lineweaver-Burk equations to provide a measure of the binding affinity between the flavonoids and BSA. The binding constants ranked in the order quercetin>rutin>calycosin>calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside ≈ formononetin-7-O-β-D-glucoside. The results of thermodynamic parameters ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS at different temperatures indicated that the hydrophobic interaction played a major role in flavonoid-BSA association. The distance r between BSA and acceptor flavonoids was also obtained according to F?rster's theory of non-radiative energy transfer.     

唐古特大黄中大黄酚苷超声提取工艺的响应面优化及HPLC测定

采用响应曲面法优化了唐古特大黄中大黄酚1-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷和大黄酚8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷的超声提取工艺及提取时间、液料比、提取温度等工艺参数,依据回归分析确定最佳工艺条件为:提取时间41 min,液料比23 mL/g,提取温度40℃;建立了这两种大黄酚苷的HPLC分析方法。色谱条件:AgilentEslipse-XDB C18(250*4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱,以水和甲醇为流动相梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL/min,检测波长280 nm,两种大黄酚苷的高效液相色谱峰面积与浓度呈良好的线性关系(R2=0.9999)。     

Simultaneous determination of ten flavonoids from Viscum coloratum grown on different host species and different sources by LC-MS

A high-performance liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 10 flavonoids in Viscum coloratum obtained from different host species and different sources. Viscum coloratum was extracted with 50% methanol. The extracts were separated on a C(18) column with a gradient of 0.1% (v/v) formic acid and methanol. The flavonoids in the extracts were detected by negative electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in selective ion monitoring mode. The calibration curves showed good linearity (r>0.998) within the test ranges (homoeriodictyol: 0.149-8.940 μg/ml, homoeriodictyol-7-O-β-D-glycoside: 0.230-13.80 μg/ml, homoeriodictyol-7-O-β-D-apiose (1→2)-β-D-glycoside: 5.000-300.0 μg/ml, homoeriodictyol-7-O-β-D-apiose (1→5)-β-D-apiose (1→2)-β-D-glycoside: 0.835-125.3 μg/ml, rhamnazin-3-O-β-D-glucoside: 0.064-3.840 μg/ml, rhamnazin-3-O-β-D-(6″-β-hydroxy-β-methyglutaryl)-glucoside: 1.435-86.10 μg/ml, isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside: 0.930-55.80 μg/ml, 5-hydroxy-3,7,3'-trimethoxyflavone-4'-O-β-D-glucoside: 0.067-4.020 μg/ml, 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxyflavone: 0.270-16.20 μg/ml, pachypodol: 0.110-6.600 μg/ml). The limits of quantification were between 0.006-0.720 μg/ml. The assay was reproducible and the overall intra- and inter-day variations were less than 4.6%. The recoveries varied from 93.4 to 103.9% at three different concentration levels. The validation method was used to determine the contents of 10 flavonoids in Viscum coloratum. A one-way analysis of variance was applied to evaluate Viscum coloratum-host-source interactions. Compared with the host species, the sample source had a significant impact on the sample content.     

Chemical composition and antioxidant activities of extracts from Apocyni Veneti Folium

An expeditious and effective HPLC-UV method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of seven major flavonoids in Apocyni Veneti Folium (AVF) extract. The chemical profile of seven flavonoids, including quercetin-3-O-β-D-glc(2?→?1)-β-D-glucoside, rutin, isoquercetin, kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-(6″-O-malonyl)-β-D-glucoside, quercetin and kaempferol was acquired by HPLC-UV. The analysis was performed on a Diamosil C18 analytical column with a gradient solvent system of acetonitrile-0.1% aqueous acetic acid. Full validation of the method was carried out (linearity, reproducibility, repeatability, accuracy and limit of detection). The results indicated that the contents of investigated flavonoids in Apocyni Veneti Folium varied significantly from habitat to habitat, with contents ranging from 0.01 to 5.57 mg g?1. The antioxidant activity results demonstrate that the seven flavonoids showed great efficiency in scavenging DPPH radicals. The high content of flavonoid components of AVF could be responsible for its high antioxidant activity. This study provides powerful evidence for the relationship between the chemical ingredients of and bioactivity in AVF.     

天然黄酮香叶木素类及其衍生物的合成与生物活性研究

以橙皮苷为原料,经脱氢、选择性甲基化、糖苷水解、相转移催化下的糖苷化反应、异戊烯基化和法呢烯基化等反应步骤,分别合成了3’-O-甲基香叶木素(1),香叶木素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(2),香叶木素-7-O-β-D-半乳糖苷(3),3’-O-甲基香叶木素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(4)4种天然产物及3’-O-甲基香叶木素-7-O-β-D-半乳糖苷(5),香叶木素-7-O-β-D-乙酰葡萄糖苷(6)、香叶木素-7-O-β-D-乙酰半乳糖苷(7),3’-O-甲基香叶木素-7-O-β-D-乙酰葡萄糖苷(8),3’-O-甲基香叶木素-7-O-β-D-乙酰半乳糖苷(9),7-O-异戊基香叶木素(10),7-O-异戊烯基-3’-O-甲基香叶木素(11)和7-O-法呢烯基-3’-O-甲基香叶木素(12)8种新的香叶木素衍生物.所合成化合物的结构已由核磁共振谱、红外光谱和质谱所证实,并用比色法MTT[3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2)-2,5-二苯基四氮唑溴盐]蛋白染色法对所合成的目标化合物进行了体外抗肿瘤细胞生物活性测试,发现化合物6,10和11对肝癌细胞(SMMC-7721)、乳腺癌细胞(MCF-7)和结肠癌细胞(SW480)有一定的抑制活性.     

Three new flavonol C-glycosides from Sida cordifolia Linn

Three new flavonol C-glycosides: 3′-(3″,7″-dimethyl-2″,6″-octadiene)-8-C-β-D-glucosyl-kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucoside (1), 3′-(3″,7″-dimethyl-2″,6″-octadiene)-8-C-β-D-glucosyl-kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucosyl [1→4]-α-D-glucoside (2) and 6-(3″-methyl-2″-butene)-3′-methoxyl-8-C-β-D-glucosyl-kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucosyl [1→4]-β-D-glucoside (3) have been isolated from 80% ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Sida cordifolia Linn followed by partitioning with ethyl acetate. Structures were established by chemical and spectroscopic methods.     

Antifungal activity of flavonoids isolated from mango (Mangifera indica L.) leaves

Five flavonoids, namely (-)-epicatechin-3-O-β-glucopyranoside (1), 5-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxylphenyl)pyrano[3,2-g]chromene-4(8H)-one (2), 6-(p-hydroxybenzyl)taxifolin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (tricuspid) (3), quercetin-3-O-α-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (4) and (-)-epicatechin(2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,5,7-triol (5), were isolated from the leaves of mango (Mangifera indica L.). Antifungal activity of these compounds was evaluated against five fungal species, namely Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler, Aspergillus fumigatus Fresenius, Aspergillus niger van Tieghem, Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. and Penicillium citrii. Six concentrations, namely 100, 300, 500, 700, 900 and 1000 ppm of each of the five flavonoids were employed by means of the poisoned medium technique. All concentrations of the five test flavonoids significantly suppressed fungal growth. However, the specificity of different test compounds was evident against different fungal species. In general, antifungal activity of the flavonoids was gradually increased by increasing their concentrations. The highest concentration (of 1000 ppm) of compounds 1-5 reduced the growth of different target fungal species by 63-97%, 56-96%, 76-99%, 76-98% and 82-96%, respectively.     

基于氨基柱的高效液相色谱-示差折光检测器方法分析媚丽葡萄香气糖苷的糖基组成

建立了基于氨基柱的高效液相色谱分析媚丽葡萄香气糖苷的糖基组成的方法.媚丽葡萄果皮经提取缓冲液(0.1 mol/L Na2HPO4-NaH2PO4,pH 7.0,13%(V/V)乙醇)浸提,葡萄香气糖苷提取物在柠檬酸-磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 5.0)中用AR2000糖苷酶水解,释放出糖基,经氨基柱分离,用高效液相色谱-示差折光检测器(HPLC-RID)分析.色谱分析条件为:柱温35℃,RID温度35℃,进样量20 μL,流动相为乙腈-乙酸乙酯-水(60∶25∶15,V/V),流速1.0 mL/min.结果表明,鼠李糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖、芹菜糖和葡萄糖在线性范围内线性关系良好(R2>0.996),检出限为93~123 mg/L,定量限309~409 mg/L, 5 g/L各单糖的峰面积的精密度(n=10)为2.3%~6.4%;糖基样品的各单糖加标回收率在73.8%~125.7%之间.以糖基类别划分的媚丽葡萄各类香气糖苷的摩尔百分比为: 6-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷,4.1%~6.1%;6-O-β-D-吡喃木糖基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷,2.3%~8.8%;6-O-α-L-呋喃阿拉伯糖基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷,0.1%~3.9%;6-O-α-L-呋喃芹菜糖基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷,5.5%~9.8%;6-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷,76.3%~86.8%.媚丽葡萄成熟过程中,各类香气糖苷的含量及其总量与浆果成熟度之间没有明显的相关性.     

Contribution à la phytochimie du genre Gentian,XI Identification de nouveaux dérivés de l'iso-orientine extraits des feuilles de Gentiana burseri Lapeyr

Two new derivates of iso-orientin have been isolated and identified from the leaves of Gentiana burseri, LAPEYR. The structure of the new compounds were established as: trans-cafeoyl-2″-iso-orientin (1) and p-β-D-glucosyl-trans-cafeoyl-2″-iso-orientin-4′-O-β-D-glucoside (2).