阳离子交换型聚合物AQ薄膜修饰碳纤维电极及伏安行为

本文成功地制备了Eastman-AQ-55D聚合物修饰碳纤维电极,用循环伏安法探讨了一些实验参数的影响,并对Ru(NH₃)₆³⁺、甲基紫精进行了分析,结果表明,AQ-55D修饰的微电极稳定性好,修饰方法简单,灵敏度和选择性都有一定的提高,Ru(NH₃)₆³⁺、甲基紫精的峰电流与浓度在1.2×10^-6～1.2×10^-5mol/L、1.7×10^-6～1.4×10^-5mol/L范围内呈线性关系,其相关系数分别为0.999、0.998.利用此电极测定了几种离子在膜中的扩散系数.     

硫堇衍生化自组装膜修饰金电极的电化学性质及其对抗坏血酸的电催化氧化

将硫堇共价键合到自组装在金电极表面的半胱胺单分子层上,制成了衍生化自组装单分子膜修饰电极,并用电化学方法研究了它的电化学性质.循环伏安图显示其在pH＝7.7的磷酸盐缓冲液中,于－0.45～＋0.50V(vs.SCE)范围内有2对氧化还原峰.峰电位分别为E_pa¹＝214mV。E_pc¹＝82mV,E_pa2＝－75mV,E_pc2＝－160mV(vs.SCE).pH在5.0～9.0范围内,峰1有2个质子参与反应,峰2有1个质子参与反应.它的表面电子转移速率常数k_s＝0.02S^－1.此膜对抗坏血酸的氧化有催化作用,其氧化过电位较在裸金电极上降低了约250mV.催化电流与抗坏血酸的浓度在1.0×10^-6～4.0×10^-3mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系.抗坏血酸催化氧化的异相速率常数为2.68×10^-3cm/s.     

镓-水杨基荧光酮伏安络合吸附波的研究

在pH为3.0的0.2mol/L邻苯二甲酸氢钾-HCI和5.0×10^-6mol/L水杨基荧光酮底液中,线性扫描可得灵敏的Ga-SAF络合物吸附波,峰电位为-0.93V(vsSCE).镓在7.5×10^-9～3.8×10^-7mol/L浓度范围内与峰高成正比关系.     

铋(Ⅲ)-8-羟基喹啉-5-磺酸的吸附伏安法研究

探讨了8-羟基喹啉-5-磺酸(HQSA)和络合物Bi(Ⅲ)-HQSA的电化学性质,特别是它们在汞电极上的吸附性。在pH=7.0的磷酸盐底液中,Bi(Ⅲ)-HQSA有一灵敏还原峰,为反应物弱吸附,E_pc=-0.44V(vs.饱和Ag/AgCl)。据此建立了吸附伏安法测定铋的新方法,检测限为2.0×10^-9mol/L,线性范围5.0×10^-9～1.0×10^-6mol/L。     

Preparation of Er-Fe Alloy Films in Dimethylsulfoxide by Electrodeposition Method

IntroductionAmorphous rare earth- transition metal alloys,which are generally ferrimagnetic,have been inten-sively studied because of their potential practicalapplication[1— 4] .They cover a wide range of satu-raion magnetisation,permeability,coercivity andmagnetostriction.Amorphous alloys in the form ofthin films show peculiar magnetic properties( per-pendicularanisotropy,large coercivity and compen-sation temperatures) which make them interestingmaterials for magnetooptical application[1] .…     

示波指示技术在动力学分析中的应用(Ⅲ)——示波双安培催化动力学法测定铜和碘

双安培法是一种灵敏度很高的分析方法,近年来已有许多应用.作者曾将双安培示波法用于确定氧化还原滴定的终点.本文将双安培示波技术用于催化动力学分析获得成功.在动力学分析中,加入不同浓度的催化剂,用本法测出指示组分达到一定浓度的时间,即可测得催化剂的浓度.因为示波器很稳定,测定电流的灵敏度很高,且不受试液的颜色或沉淀的影响,所得结果的重现性好,线性范围较宽,所以此法比光度法优越.     

PMBP与中性磷萃取剂对铽(Ⅲ)的协同萃取

本文研究了1-苯基-3-甲基-4-苯甲酰基吡唑啉酮-5(PMBP)与丁基膦酸二丁酯(DBBP)或磷酸三丁酯(TBP)的氯苯溶液在硝酸介质中对铽(Ⅲ)的协同萃取。测得了萃合物的组成及其萃取平衡常数,讨论了萃合物的可能结构式及协同萃取机理。     

钌(Ⅱ)-联吡啶-丙酮酸-Ce(Ⅳ)化学发光体系测定人血清中丙酮酸的研究

丙酮酸是人体中不可缺少的有机酸,它的含量直接或间接地反映人的身体状况．通常的测定方法有氧化酶化学发光洁「“,氧化酶一过氧化酶双层改良电极的化学传感器法’‘’以及高效液相色谱法［’］等．这些方法的缺点是灵敏度低,操作繁杂．AndrewW．Knight［‘］报道的电致化学发光法虽然具有较低的检测限,但由于其发光行为在电极表面进行,发光面积小使其检测限和线性范围受到限制,另外,由于电极的吸附作用,使得电致化学发光洁的干扰因素较多．钉（！）一联毗院是一种常用的电致化学发光试剂,也是一种较好的化学发光试剂．在碱性条…     

一种新型含酞侧基聚芳醚砜的稀溶液性质研究(Ⅰ)──溶解行为和M-H方程的测定

制备了窄分布的含酞侧基聚芳醚砜(PES-C)级份样品,用光散射法测定样品重均分子量,粘度法测定样品在DMF、CHCl₃和1,2-C₂H₄Cl₂中的特性粘数和Huggins参数k'值。k'值远大于0.5反映了体系中存在特殊的溶解行为。得到PES-C在3种溶剂中的Mark-Houwink方程: [η]=2.79× 10^-2M_w^0.615,r=0.999 8(DMF,25℃) [η]=3.96× 10^-2M_w^0.58,r=0.999 5(CHCl₃,25℃) [η]=7.40× 10^-2M_w^0.52,r=0.999 5(1,2-C₂H₄Cl₂,25℃).     

Keggin 型磷钨酸盐修饰碳糊电极传感多巴胺的研究

多金属氧酸盐作为一类阴离子簇合物,由于其结构的多样性和尺寸大小的可调变性,在电化学、催化和药学等领域引起了人们的广泛关注.本文制备了多酸Co(C₁₅N₆H₁₂)₂[PW₁₂O₃₈]·5H₂O（Co[PW₁₂O₃₈]）修饰碳糊电极并通过电化学阻抗谱、循环伏安法以及差分脉冲伏安法对多巴胺的传感性能进行了研究.对其制备条件和检测条件分别进行了优化.在优化条件下,制备的传感器对多巴胺具有良好的选择性和灵敏度的检测能力.多巴胺的线性响应范围为8.0x10^-6 mol·L^-1至3x10^-5 mol·L^-1,灵敏度为0.039 μA·(μmol·L^-1)^-1,检出限（S/N=3）为5.4 x10^-6 mol·L^-1. 制备的多酸修饰碳糊电极用于检测多巴胺表现出良好的稳定性和重现性,并且对抗坏血酸、尿酸等常见的干扰物质,具有良好的抗干扰性. 多酸修饰的碳糊电极制备过程简单方便,成本低,传感性能良好,对应用于电化学传感器检测多巴胺具备潜在的应用前景.      

阴离子交换膜修饰的水/1,2-二氯乙烷界面上SO42-离子的转移反应

将一种均相季铵型阴离子交换膜用于修饰水/1,2-二氯乙烷(W/DCE)界面,并利用循环伏安法、差分脉冲伏安法和计时电量法考察了该界面上强亲水性阴离子SO₄^2-的转移反应过程.研究结果表明,该阴离子交换膜所修饰的W/DCE界面比修饰前具有更宽的电化学窗口,而且在界面上可获得完整的SO₄^2-转移的循环伏安曲线和差分脉冲伏安曲线.其中,循环伏安曲线的峰电流与扫速平方根呈线性关系,SO₄^2-在膜内水相中的扩散系数为7.6×10^-8 cm²/s;差分脉冲伏安曲线的峰电流与SO₄^2-的浓度在5~25 mmol/L范围内呈线性关系.另外,利用计时电量法测得SO₄^2-在该界面上转移反应的标准速率常数为1.49×10^-3 cm/s.     

氯化钽在离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐中电化学行为

采用循环伏安法,研究了0.25 mol/L TaCl₅在离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([Bmim]PF₆)中的电化学行为。 实验结果表明,电沉积钽是受扩散控制、两步骤的不可逆电极反应过程,首先是Ta(Ⅴ)还原为Ta(Ⅲ),其次是Ta(Ⅲ)还原为金属钽和形成其它低价钽氯化物。 Ta(Ⅴ)/Ta(Ⅲ)和Ta(Ⅲ)/Ta在离子液体[Bmim]PF₆中的阴极传递系数分别为0.155和0.406。 Ta(Ⅴ)在离子液体[Bmim]PF₆中的扩散系数为1.629×10^-9 cm²/s。 在100 ℃和-1.25 V条件下,采用恒电势法在铂片上电沉积钽,扫描电子显微镜照片和EDS分析表明,沉积物为钽和钽的低价氯化物。     

三氟甲基叔丁基氮氧自由基的超精细偶合常数与溶剂极性参数的相关性研究

用EPR方法测定了三氟甲基叔丁基氮氧自由基在16种溶剂中的顺磁参数α_N和α_F^β值.并对α_N值与溶剂的极性参数E_T、z进行了线性相关分析,讨论了这类低位阻含氟自旋探针对研究溶剂化和探针本身结构的作用.     

基于Nafion固定磷钼酸和石墨烯共修饰PEDOT膜电极的电化学过氧化氢传感器

以玻碳电极（GCE）为基底电化学聚合制得聚3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩（PEDOT）膜修饰电极,再通过Nafion共固定磷钼酸和石墨烯构建了一种新型的无酶电化学H₂O₂传感器. 利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）表征制得的修饰电极,并通过循环伏安法和计时电流法研究了传感器对H₂O₂的响应性能. 结果表明,在优化条件下,该传感器对H₂O₂还原具有良好的电催化性能,检测H₂O₂的线性范围为2.91×10^-6 ~ 1.83×10^-2 mol•L^-1,检出限和灵敏度分别为9.90×10^-7 mol•L^-1（S/N = 3）和112.5 μA•（mmol•L^-1）^-1. 此外,该传感器还具有良好的重现性和选择性.     

PVC膜电极的研究(Ⅰ)——铋(Ⅲ)氯络阴离子选择性电极的研制

近几年,已有人研究过铋(Ⅲ)涂丝电极,该电极在10^-4-10^-1M铋(Ⅲ)浓度范围有近似线性的响应,斜率为36.5mV/pBi。本文以季铵盐7402-BiCl₄^-缔合物为电活性物质,以苯二甲酸二壬酯为增塑剂,研制成功了铋(Ⅲ)PVC膜电极。     

Synthesis of Monoclinic Li_(0.33)MnO_2 and Its Electrochemical Properties in Different Potential Windows

Li0.33MnO2 cathode material was synthesized by solid state reaction. The material showed a small coherent domain size about 10 nm determined by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The electrochemical properties of the material were studied in different potential windows of 3.5―2.0 V and 4.3―2.0 V. An irreversible transformation to spinel phase was observed in the initial several cycles, which was more prominent on cycling at 4.3―2.0 V. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed that the Li+ diffusion coefficient of the material was about 2×10–9 cm2/s. Li0.33MnO2 showed a reversible discharge capacity of 140 and 200 mA·h/g in the potential windows of 3.5―2.0 V and 4.3―2.0 V, respectively. But the capacity retention at 4.3―2.0 V was poor due to the thicker spinel layer formed on the material surface.     

Au/L-Met/GC电极的H2O2电催化氧化

在无额外的添加剂和保护剂的情况下,以柠檬酸钠还原氯金酸制得链状金纳米粒子,使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）观察样品. 层层自组装技术可将金纳米粒子自组装,并分别以L-甲硫氨酸（L-Methionine,L-Met）、硫脲（Thiourea,TU）、丙烯基硫脲（Allyl thiourea,ATU）和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（Polyvinylpyrrolidone,PVP）交联剂自组装于玻碳基底,即得金纳米粒子修饰电极. 以[Fe(CN)₆]^3-/4-氧化还原电对为探针,考察该修饰电极的电化学性质. Au/L-Met/GC电极有最佳电化学性能,循环伏安曲线和计时电流曲线测试表明,Au/L-Met/GC电极的H₂O₂电催化氧化有较高的灵敏度,线性范围2×10^-7 ~ 3×10^-3 mol·L^-1,检出限6.67×10^-8 mol·L^-1.     

Electrochemical Reaction Mechanism of Phenacetin at a Carboxylated Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Modified Electrode and Its Analytical Applications

A novel type of carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotube modified electrode（c-MWCNTs/GCE） was constructed and the electrochemical properties of phenacetin（PHE） at it were studied. In a buffer solution of 0.1 mol/L HAc-NaAc（pH=5.3）, PHE exhibited a couple of quasi-reversible redox peaks and an anodic peak in the poten- tial range of 0.2--1.2 V at c-MWCNTs/GCE. The peak current was proportional to the concentration of PHE in the range of 4.0× 10^-6_ 1.0 × 10^-4 mol/L with a detection limit of 1.0× 10^-6 mol/L（S/N=3）. The c-MWCNTs/GCE showed excellent repeatability and stability and the electrochemical reaction mechanism of PHE was proposed. This method was used to determine the content of PHE in medical tablets and the recovery was determined to be 96.5%--104.2% by means of a standard addition method.     

VO1-4+阳离子与n-CmH2m+2 (m = 3, 5, 7)烷烃的反应性研究：氧含量和碳链长度的影响

Vanadium oxides are one of the most important heterogeneous catalysts that are widely used to oxidize hydrocarbon molecules into value-added chemicals. In order to reveal the mechanisms and the nature of active sites, numerous experimental and theoretical studies have been reported on the reactivities of gas-phase vanadium oxide clusters toward small molecules. However, there has been very limited research on the chemical reactivity changes associated with the oxygen contents of vanadium oxides and the carbon chain lengths of alkanes. In this work, the reactions of vanadium oxide ions VO₁₋₄⁺ with alkanes (n-C_mH_2m+2, m = 3, 5, 7) were systematically investigated by time-of-flight mass spectrometry and the reactions of VO₁₋₃⁺ with pentane were further studied by density functional theory calculations. Experimental results show that in the reactions of VO⁺, VO₃⁺, and VO₄⁺ with n-C₅H₁₂, in addition to the major adsorption processes, the activation of the C―H and C―C bonds of n-C₅H₁₂ was observed. The activation of both the bonds was observed experimentally during the reaction of VO₂⁺ with n-C₅H₁₂ with large branching ratios. Among the vanadium oxide cations studied, VO₂⁺ shows the strongest oxidizability and the generation of lighter alkanes and alkenes dominates the reactions; VO⁺ is more reactive than VO₃⁺. VO₄⁺ pocesses only one η²-O₂ unit. Due to the weak bond between VO₂⁺ and η²-O₂, the η²-O₂ unit is released in VO₄⁺/n-C₅H₁₂ system leading to the formation of VO₂⁺; thus VO₄⁺ cations reflect some reactivity of VO₂⁺. Although the oxidation states in the vanadium oxide clusters increase from +Ⅲ in VO⁺ to +Ⅴ in VO₂⁺ and +Ⅳ in VO₃⁺, the reactivity does not gradually increase. Moreover, the reactivity of the mononuclear vanadium oxide cations also does not exhibit a gradually increasing trend with the increase in oxygen content. Based on the observed reactivity trend, the adsorption channels gradually become weak as the carbon chain lengths increase; meanwhile, the dehydrogenation and C―C bond activation channels gradually become obvious and some oxygen transfer products appear. Therefore, much lighter fragments of alkanes/alkenes will be obtained if linear alkanes with more carbon atoms were reacted with VO₁₋₄⁺. The theoretical results are generally consistent with those obtained from the experiments. The various reaction channels and versatile reactivity of the mononuclear vanadium oxide cations investigated in this study not only offer new insights into gas-phase reactions but also shed light on the processes occurring on the surfaces of the corresponding condensed-phase catalysts.     

Se(IV)在北山花岗岩上的吸附

采用批式法研究了粉碎的甘肃北山花岗岩样品(BS03, 600 m)对Se(IV)的吸附作用. 实验结果表明: 在pH 3-7范围内, Se(IV)的吸附分配比(Kd)基本不随pH变化; 当pH > 7时, Se(IV)在北山花岗岩上的Kd随pH的增大而减小. Se(IV)在北山花岗岩上的吸附不随离子强度变化. 北山地下水条件下的Ca2+(4.10×10-3 mo·lL-1)和SO42- (3.17×10-3 mo·lL-1)对Se(IV)的吸附没有影响. 此外, Se(IV)/Eu(III)/北山花岗岩三元吸附体系的实验结果表明, Se(IV) (1.46×10-5 mo·lL-1)和Eu(III) (3.33×10-6 mo·lL-1)在北山花岗岩上的吸附作用相互之间没有表观影响. 通过假定HSeO3-在广义的吸附位点≡SOH上发生了生成≡SHSeO3和≡SSeO3-的两个表面配位反应, 定量解释了Se(IV)的吸附实验结果.