表面解吸化学电离质谱法快速检测蔬菜中痕量氨基甲酸酯

采用自行研制的表面解吸常压化学电离源（SDAPCI）,首次在无需样品预处理的前提下用质谱法直接测定了多种蔬菜表面残留的痕量氨基甲酸酯,并用串联质谱对所获得的不同氨基甲酸酯农药的离子进行了结构鉴定,排除了检测结果的假阳性。该方法对待测样品无污染,方法检测限低于10－14g/cm2,单个样品的测定时间平均少于1 s,特别适合于对批量样品进行快速检测。     

表面解吸常压化学电离质谱快速分析六味地黄丸

采用新型表面解吸常压化学电离(Surface Desorption Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization, SDAPCI)质谱法, 在敞开环境下, 对潮湿的空气进行电晕放电产生试剂离子, 进而在六味地黄丸表面发生解吸电离过程, 在无需复杂预处理的前提下对六味地黄丸中的待测物进行离子化, 从而获得了六味地黄丸在正负离子模式下的化学指纹图谱, 并利用主成分分析法对质谱指纹数据进行处理, 可对6个厂家生产的多个批次产品进行较好的区分. 结果表明, SDAPCI-MS技术能够快速测定六味地黄丸的剂型和生产厂家信息, 并能够对目标组分做多级串联质谱鉴定, 发现痕量目标组分. 研究方法可望应用于中成药药品生产质量控制和成品检测等领域.     

表面解吸常压化学电离质谱法直接测定火锅底料中的痕量可卡因

采用表面解吸常压化学电离(SDAPCI)质谱法, 在无需样品预处理情况下, 直接测定了火锅底料中可卡因的含量. 采用取样针取样, 单次取样量在纳升级, 单个样品测定时间少于0.5 min, 回收率为92.9%～106.6%; 相对标准偏差(RSD)为4.7%～11.6%; 可卡因的检出限可达1.5×10-12 g/mL. 该方法适用于批量火锅底料等食品类样品的快速半定量检测.     

表面解吸常压化学电离质谱法直接测定奶粉中三聚氰胺

应用表面解吸常压化学电离(SDAPCI)质谱法,在无需样品预处理的情况下,直接测定了奶粉中三聚氰胺,并用串联质谱法对测定结果进行了鉴定.采用手动进样,单个样品测定时间少于0.5 min,回收率为86.7%～112.8%;相对标准偏差(RSD)为4.3%～10.3%;对奶粉中三聚氰胺的检出限为8.8 μg/kg.方法适用于批量样品的快速半定量检测.     

改善液体辅助表面解吸常压化学电离质谱成像空间分辨率的研究

液体辅助表面解吸常压化学电离源(LA-DAPCI)通过电晕放电产生的初级离子和高密度带电液滴,能够对样品表面的中性待测物进行解吸电离,该离子源具有较高的离子化效率,适合复杂基体样品的质谱成像研究.为了满足质谱成像对空间分辨率的要求,本实验通过优化离子源结构、萃取剂组成、萃取剂流量、载气流速、离子源的几何位置参数等实验条件,有效提高了LA-DAPCI源的空间分辨率(从(441±14) μm提高到(58±7)μm).应用LA-DAPCI-MS/MS方法对罗丹明6G进行测定,检测限为0.01 ng/cm2,实验结果令人满意,为其应用于复杂基体样品的质谱成像研究提供科学依据.     

表面解吸常压化学电离质谱法快速测定茶叶化学指纹图谱

表面解吸常压化学电离质谱;茶叶;指纹图谱;快速检测     

常压热解离化学电离源的研制及表征

自行研制了常压热解离化学电离源(TDCI),与商品化LTQ XL质谱仪成功联用,进一步考察了TDCI的性能,并对其应用领域进行了初步探索.TDCI-MS/MS谱图表明,离子液体可在现有实验条件下产生特征离子碎片;升高TDCI源偏置电压和温度,可以提高离子液体的信号强度.基于优化后的实验参数,常压热解离化学电离质谱方法(...     

土壤中塑化剂的表面解吸常压化学电离质谱成像法研究

采用表面解吸常压化学电离(SDAPCI)串联质谱成像技术,建立了一种能在无需样品预处理条件下直接对土壤中的塑化剂邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)的分布情况进行分析的新方法。利用碰撞诱导解离串联质谱法对待测物母离子进行了结构鉴定,排除检测结果的假阳性;分别选择质子化DEP(m/z 223)及其特征峰碎片离子(m/z 177)对土壤固体表面进行二维质谱扫描,通过质谱成像数据处理获得DEP的一二级质谱影像图。结果表明,未经任何样品预处理的实际土壤固体表面的DEP呈团簇或颗粒状不均匀分布,经雨水浸润后的土壤样品中的DEP分布发生了变化。本方法获得的空间分辨率为0.25 mm2,单个像素的采集时间为4.5 s,为复杂基体中塑化剂的含量和分布情况的研究提供了一种新思路。     

表面解吸常压化学电离质谱快速鉴别樟木制品

采用自行研制的表面解吸常压化学电离质谱(SDAPCI-MS),在无需样品预处理的情况下,对樟木制品及普通木材进行检测,在正离子模式及m/z 90～400范围内获得其化学指纹图谱,并通过主成分分析(PCA)方法对所获指纹谱图信息进行分析,进而对不同样品进行鉴别。结果表明,SDAPCI-MS能够对樟木表面多种特征化学成分(樟脑,香叶醇等)进行解吸电离,快速获得樟木的化学指纹谱图,并能够对目标组分做多级串联质谱鉴定。结合PCA方法,可对不同品质、不同种类的木材样品进行区分。结果表明,本方法灵敏度高,分析速度快(单个样品分析时间小于3 min),可望应用于珍贵木材快速无损分析及品质鉴定。     

表面解吸常压化学电离质谱法直接测定日化用品中1,4-二恶烷

在无需样品预处理的前提下,将表面解吸常压化学电离质谱法用于日化用品中1,4-二恶烷的直接快速检测。在串联质谱中,选择表面解吸常压化学电离离子源,以碰撞诱导解离反应正离子检测模式进行定性和定量检测。确定了1,4-二恶烷的碎片特征峰分别为m/z 72,45,61和32。1,4-二恶烷的线性范围为0.1～1 000mg·L-1,检出限(3σ)为7.8×10-3 mg·L-1。方法用于洗手液和洗发水的分析,回收率在84.7%～98.5%之间、测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在10%～18%之间。     

多溴联苯醚代谢物的色谱保留和质谱特征

研究了多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)代谢物中常见的18种羟基PBDEs(HO-BDEs)、15种甲氧基PBDEs(MeO-BDEs)的气相色谱、反相液相色谱分离和质谱碎片特征。MeO-BDEs在反相液相色谱(RPLC)的保留行为受疏水作用支配,而HO-BDEs则还受到除疏水作用以外的特殊作用影响。LC/MS中大气压化学电离(APCI)源适用于HO-BDEs检测,而APCI源以及电喷雾离子源(ESI)对MeO-BDEs都没有响应。质谱碎片具有显著取代位效应:在LC/APCI-MS中,邻位取代HO-BDEs的碎片离子基峰均为脱一个溴的结构[M-H]--HBr,而对位取代的基峰则为准分子离子[M-H]-;在电子电离(EI)源质谱仪下,邻位取代MeO-BDEs有脱溴甲烷碎片离子(M. -BrCH3),对位取代有特征的脱甲基自由基结构(M. -.CH3),间位取代则无上述两种碎片离子。     

Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry in anabolic steroid analysis--optimization and comparison of three ionization techniques: electrospray ionization,atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and atmospheric pressure photoionization

The applicability of liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) for the detection of the free anabolic steroid fraction in human urine was examined. Electrospray ionization (ESI), atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and atmospheric pressure photoionization methods were optimized regarding eluent composition, ion source parameters and fragmentation. The methods were compared with respect to specificity and detection limit. Although all methods proved suitable, LC/ESI-MS/MS with a methanol-water gradient including 5 mM ammonium acetate and 0.01% acetic acid was found best for the purpose. Multiple reaction monitoring allowed the determination of steroids in urine at low nanogram per milliliter levels. LC/MS/MS exhibited high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of free steroids and may be a suitable technique for screening for the abuse of anabolic steroids in sports.     

Characteristics and origins of common chemical noise ions in negative ESI LC-MS

Ionic chemical background noise in LC-MS has been one of the major problems encountered in trace analysis. In this study, the typical negative background ions in ESI LC-MS are investigated exemplarily. It was carried out using tandem mass spectrometry to study the products and precursors of the major background ions to examine their structures and structure relationship. Various typical LC eluents with different compositions and additives such as ammonium formate/formic acid and ammonium acetate/acetic acid have been studied. Several types of negative noise ions are concluded, which include the cluster chemical background ions only from mobile phase components and additives. Furthermore, there are also abundant clusters resulting from the solvation of some typical individual contaminants (e.g. additives and degradation products from tubing, impurities in the mobile phase, etc.), accompanied by some minor contribution from contaminants. The elemental composition of some selected ions was confirmed using the FT-ICR accurate mass measurement. This work provides us insight into information about the structures and types of common negative background ions and will help to understand their formation and origins. More importantly, it will guide us to prevent chemical noise interference in practice and also contribute to develop methods for noise reduction based on selective ion-molecule reactions.     

Document authentication at molecular levels using desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry imaging

Molecular images of documents were obtained by sequentially scanning the surface of the document using desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (DAPCI‐MS), which was operated in either a gasless, solvent‐free or methanol vapor‐assisted mode. The decay process of the ink used for handwriting was monitored by following the signal intensities recorded by DAPCI‐MS. Handwritings made using four types of inks on four kinds of paper surfaces were tested. By studying the dynamic decay of the inks, DAPCI‐MS imaging differentiated a 10‐min old from two 4 h old samples. Non‐destructive forensic analysis of forged signatures either handwritten or computer‐assisted was achieved according to the difference of the contour in DAPCI images, which was attributed to the strength personalized by different writers. Distinction of the order of writing/stamping on documents and detection of illegal printings were accomplished with a spatial resolution of about 140 µm. A Matlab® written program was developed to facilitate the visualization of the similarity between signature images obtained by DAPCI‐MS. The experimental results show that DAPCI‐MS imaging provides rich information at the molecular level and thus can be used for the reliable document analysis in forensic applications. © 2013 The Authors. Journal of Mass Spectrometry published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and atmospheric pressure photoionization for simultaneous mass spectrometric analysis of microbial respiratory ubiquinones and menaquinones

An atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) source and an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) source were compared for the selective detection of microbial respiratory ubiquinone and menaquinone isoprenologues using tandem mass spectrometry. Ionization source- and compound mass-dependent parameters were optimized individually for both sources, using the available quinone standards. Detection levels for the two ion sources were determined with ubiquinone-6 (UQ6) and menaquinone-4 (MK4, vitamin K2) standards using flow injection analysis and selected reaction monitoring (SRM). With APPI the calculated lower limit of detection (LLOD) was 1.7 fmol microl(-1) for UQ6 and 2.2 fmol microl(-1) for MK4 at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. These LLODs were at least three times lower than with APCI. The selectivity of detection afforded by SRM detection reduced complex mixture analysis to 3 min per sample by eliminating the need for chromatographic separations. The detection method was successfully applied to quinone quantification in a variety of environmental samples and cell cultures. Adequate amounts of respiratory quinones can be extracted and quantified from samples containing as low as 2 x 10(7) cells.     

Atmospheric pressure photoionization-mass spectrometry and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry of neurotransmitters

A group of five neurotransmitters with different properties was analyzed using atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (APCI-MS). The sensitivity of the techniques for the analytes was tested in six solvents and in positive and negative ion modes. APPI was found to be superior in sensitivity for all the compounds in both positive and negative ion modes. In positive ion mode, water/methanol/formic acid was found to be the best solvent, whereas in negative ion mode, water/methanol/ammonium hydroxide performed best. Detection limits using APPI were between 2.5-250 fmol, depending on the compound. The sensitivity was best for the neurosteroids dehydroepiandrosterone and beta-estradiol, and acetylcholine (LOD 2.5-10 fmol).     

Super‐atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry

Super‐atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) mass spectrometry was performed using a commercial mass spectrometer by pressurizing the ion source with compressed air up to 7 atm. Similar to typical APCI source, reactant ions in the experiment were generated with corona discharge using a needle electrode. Although a higher needle potential was necessary to initiate the corona discharge, discharge current and detected ion signal were stable at all tested pressures. A Roots booster pump with variable pumping speed was installed between the evacuation port of the mass spectrometer and the original rough pumps to maintain a same pressure in the first pumping stage of the mass spectrometer regardless of ion source pressure. Measurement of gaseous methamphetamine and research department explosive showed an increase in ion intensity with the ion source pressure until an optimum pressure at around 4–5 atm. Beyond 5 atm, the ion intensity decreased with further increase of pressure, likely due to greater ion losses inside the ion transport capillary. For benzene, it was found that besides molecular ion and protonated species, ion due to [M + 2H]⁺ which was not so common in APCI, was also observed with high ion abundance under super‐atmospheric pressure condition. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An atmospheric pressure chemical ionization study of the positive and negative ion chemistry of the hydrofluorocarbons 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a) and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) and of perfluoro-n-hexane (FC-72) in air plasma at atmospheric pressure

A report is given on the ionization/dissociation behavior of the title compounds within air plasmas produced by electrical corona discharges at atmospheric pressure: both positive and negative ions were investigated at different temperatures using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI-MS). CHF(2)CH(3) (HFC-152a) undergoes efficient ionic oxidation to C(2)H(5)O(+), in which the oxygen comes from water present in the plasma. In contrast, CF(3)CH(2)F (HFC-134a) does not produce any characteristic positive ion under APCI conditions, its presence within the plasma being revealed only as a neutral ligand in ion-molecule complexes with ions of the background (H(3)O(+) and NO(+)). Analogously, the perfluorocarbon FC-72 (n-C(6)F(14)) does not produce significant positive ions at 30 degrees C: at high temperature, however, it undergoes dissociative ionization to form many product ions including C(3)F(6)(+), C(2)F(4)(+), C(n)F(2n+1)(+) and a few families of oxygen containing cations (C(n)F(2n+1)OH(2)(+), C(n)F(2n)OH(+), C(n)F(2n-1)O(+), C(n)F(2n-1)O(2)H(2)(+), C(n)F(2n-2)O(2)H(+)) which are suggested to derive from C(n)F(2n+1)(+) in a cascade of steps initiated by condensation with water followed by steps of HF elimination and H(2)O addition. Negative ions formed from the fluoroethanes CHF(2)CH(3) and CF(3)CH(2)F (M) include complexes with ions of the background, O(2)(-)(M), O(3)(-)(M) and some higher complexes involving also water, and complexes of the fluoride ion, F(-)(H(2)O), F(-)(M) and higher complexes with both M and H(2)O also together. The interesting product O(2)(-)(HF) is also formed from 1,1-difluoroethane. In contrast to the HFCs, perfluoro-n-hexane gives stable molecular anions, M(-), which at low source temperature or in humidified air are also detected as hydrates, M(-)(H(2)O). In addition, in humidified air F(-)(H(2)O)(n) complexes are also formed. The reactions leading to all major positive and negative product ions are discussed also with reference to available thermochemical data and relevant literature reports. The effects on both positive and negative APCI spectra due to ion activation via increasing V(cone) are also reported and discussed: several interesting endothermic processes are observed under these conditions. The results provide important information on the role of ionic reactions in non-thermal plasma processes.     

谷物中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇的高效液相色谱检测及质谱确证

建立了谷物中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇DON的高效液相色谱检测和质谱确证方法。样品用水提取,通过免疫亲和柱进行富集和净化,以Hypersil BDS C18柱为分离柱,乙腈-水（10：90,V/V）混合溶剂为流动相进行高效液相色谱分离和检测,利用大气压化学电离质谱（APCI）进行阻性结果的鉴定和确认。在小麦、大麦和面粉等样品中,本方法在0．1～10μg／g添加范围内的回收率为82．4％-103％,相对标准偏差1．4％-7．6％,检出限0．1μg／g。