利用Reimer-Tiemann反应合成水杨醛缩肼聚集诱导发光分子的综合实验

聚集诱导发光(Aggregation-Induced Emission,AIE)分子是一类在聚集状态下表现出强烈荧光而在分散状态下荧光较弱甚至无荧光的分子。自2001年首例AIE分子被发现以来,各类新型AIE分子如雨后春笋般相继被开发出来,并在有机光电材料、荧光探针、生物成像等领域表现出非常广泛的应用。其中,水杨醛缩肼就是一类合成简单、荧光强度高的典型AIE分子。本论文介绍了利用Reimer-Tiemann反应合成水杨醛,并通过与水合肼反应进一步得到水杨醛缩肼AIE分子的方法。在本实验中,学生不但练习了经典Reimer-Tiemann反应的操作方法,同时也学习了水杨醛缩肼分子的AIE特性及其产生机理。结合拓展阅读,可使学生进一步了解AIE分子的应用。     

三苯胺类小分子的合成及其AIE性能研究

以二苯胺、碘苯、对碘甲苯以及对碘苯甲醚为原料,合成了三苯胺及其衍生物T1~T5(4-甲氧基三苯胺、4-甲基三苯胺、4-醛基三苯胺、4-乙烯基三苯胺),并对其紫外-可见吸收光谱与荧光光谱进行了检测。结果表明,连有甲氧基、甲基、乙烯基取代基的三苯胺化合物在甲醇/氯仿混合溶液中具有聚集诱导发光(AIE)性能;而醛基取代的4-醛基三苯胺表现出了聚集荧光猝灭(ACQ)现象。     

三苯胺衍生物的合成、晶体结构及光致发光性能研究

合成了一种三苯胺类衍生物4-四氮唑基三苯胺,培养单晶并解析了其单晶结构,结合红外光谱、紫外可见吸收光谱、荧光光谱等手段对化合物的结构和发光性质进行了系统研究.研究结果表明,无论在溶液还是在固体状态下该材料均有较强的光致发光性能.单晶结构分析表明,该物质固体分子间存在着较强的分子间氢键,使其形成三维孔道结构,表明4-四氮唑基三苯胺分子应具有较好的载流子传输能力.     

一种基于查尔酮衍生物的荧光探针对巯基氨基酸的检测及细胞成像

生物硫醇(如半胱氨酸(Cys)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)及谷胱甘肽(GSH))与生物体和细胞中的许多生理和病理过程密切相关。荧光探针是对生物硫醇灵敏检测与成像的有力工具。本文合成了一种可检测生物硫醇的基于2′-羟基查尔酮荧光团开启型荧光探针1。探针中的2,4-二硝基苯磺酸酯基团既作为反应识别基团,又作为荧光猝灭基团。在DMSO/Tris(体积比8/2,pH=8.4)中,探针1与生物硫醇反应后释放出前体化合物3,3具有激发态分子内质子转移(ESIPT)和聚集诱导发光(AIE)特性,从而导致长波长荧光发射及较大的斯托克斯位移。探针1具有合成简单、灵敏度高、选择性高、细胞毒性低等优点,可以方便地检测溶液和活细胞中的生物硫醇。     

二苯乙烯基蒽衍生物:聚集诱导发光性质、机理及应用

与传统的发光分子相比,具有聚集诱导发光(AIE)性质的分子,在聚集态或固态条件下,由于独特的分子结构和聚集态结构,表现出显著增强的荧光发射,因而在光电器件、生物化学检测等领域展现出广阔的应用前景。本文总结了二苯乙烯基蒽(DSA)及其衍生物的AIE性质,分析了DSA类分子AIE现象的机理,如分子内转动受限、扭曲的分子结构及分子间聚集结构等,同时介绍了此类分子在固态发光、刺激-响应材料,以及生物检测和生物成像等方面的应用。     

聚集诱导发光分子在公共安全领域中的应用

对于公共安全中存在的安全隐患及时检测和预防有助于保护公民的身体健康和财产安全。荧光检测技术以其优异的选择性、高的灵敏度、快的响应速度引起了广泛的研究。聚集诱导发光(AIE)材料作为一种与聚集导致发光猝灭(ACQ)材料截然相反的新兴有机荧光材料,实现了发光分子在固态或是聚集态下的高荧光量子产率。而独特的AIE特性,使其不必担心由于分子聚集导致的荧光信号的降低或猝灭,同时由于分子聚集程度的增加引起荧光颜色和强度的变化,可以被用来实现对靶标物的定性和定量分析,为荧光分析检测提供了新的思路和方案。目前基于AIE的荧光检测方法及相关技术已经被广泛应用各个领域,其中在公共安全领域的研究表现突出,并取得较高的研究成果。本文分析总结了近几年来AIE分子在公共安全领域中的应用进展,包括爆炸性物质、指纹识别、毒品检测、食品安全等方面,并对目前存在的问题和应用前景进行了总结和展望。     

发光ZnSalen配合物在分子荧光成像中的应用进展

荧光分子探针的设计、合成以及应用是分子荧光成像领域重要的化学问题.本文从Znsalen配合物的基本性质出发,概述了Znsalen配合物结构与功能的关系,特别是其发光性质与分子结构及分子聚集状态的相关性及应用.针对Znsalen配合物的发光性质,展示了其应用于分子荧光成像和活细胞中分子事件监测的研究进展.这些最新研究表明,Znsalen配合物探针的细胞毒性低(利于活细胞成像)、发光效率高(适用于单、双光子成像)、发光可调(通过配体的修饰和分子聚集状态的调节),有望作为一类重要的发光金属荧光探针实现在分子荧光成像中的应用.     

聚集诱导发光材料在聚合物制备及性能检测中的应用进展

聚集诱导发光(AIE)材料因其独特的发光性能,已在荧光检测、生物成像及有机发光器件等领域展现出较为广阔的应用前景。本文综述了AIE材料在监测聚合物制备过程(本体聚合、溶液聚合、乳液聚合及悬浮聚合过程等)中的应用,介绍了利用AIE分子的荧光信号响应检测聚合物玻璃化转变温度、粘度、相分离程度、分子量等物理性能的研究,为AIE材料在聚合过程可视化监测及聚合物荧光功能化领域的应用提供了参考。最后对AIE材料在高分子科学研究中的应用前景进行了展望。     

具有聚集诱导发光(AIE)性能的水杨醛希夫碱的合成与性能研究综合实验

介绍了一种基于水杨醛希夫碱结构的荧光分子的合成方法及其聚集诱导发光(Aggregation-Induced Emission,AIE)性能研究。本实验中,学生将掌握希夫碱类化合物的制备方法、荧光的基本原理和应用,并直观了解AIE现象和传统荧光分子聚集诱导淬灭(Aggregation-Caused Quenching,ACQ)现象的差别。结合课堂教学和拓展阅读,使学生进一步了解AIE分子的结构特点和设计思路。     

四苯乙烯聚集诱导发光探针在生物成像和药物递送中的应用研究进展

基于聚集诱导发光(AIE)机制的生物传感器具有灵敏度高、高量子产率、便于合成等优点,所以具有AIE特性的有机小分子得到了科研工作者的广泛关注.随着对AIE分子结构和理论知识的深入认识,针对细胞或微生物结构特点设计合成的可与细胞或微生物特异性结合的有机荧光分子,可准确、便捷、有效地实现对细胞或微生物的成像和靶向药物递送,对扩展有机分子探针的生物应用具有重要的推动作用.本文将重点阐述近几年具有AIE特性的四苯乙烯衍生物荧光分子在细胞和微生物识别成像,靶向递送和抗菌性能方面的应用,为后续研究工作提供借鉴和指导.     

含有三苯胺单元的萘酰亚胺化合物的合成及其荧光调控研究

通过在1,8-萘酰亚胺发光单元上引入三苯胺单元, 合成了含三苯胺单元的萘酰亚胺化合物(TNP和TNM). 吸收光谱、稳态及瞬态的荧光光谱证实了该体系不仅存在着Förster-type单线态能量转移, 同时存在着光诱导电荷转移(PIET), 正是由于PIET导致目标化合物TNP和TNM的荧光发生严重淬灭, 其淬灭超过99%. 通过加入酸将三苯胺中心氮原子进行质子化, 切断其PIET过程, 可实现荧光的淬灭与恢复的可逆性荧光调控. 该体系的荧光切断与恢复的过程可用于荧光开关的设计.     

Cellular Detection of a Mitochondria Targeted Brominated Vinyl Triphenylamine Optical Probe (TP−Br) by X-Ray Fluorescence Microscopy

Triphenylamine (TP) derivatives such as two-branch cationic vinylbenzimidazolium triphenylamine TP−2Bzim are promising turn-on fluorescent probes suitable for two-photon imaging, labelling mitochondria in live cells. Here, we designed two TP−2Bzim derivatives as bimodal probes suitable for X-ray fluorescence imaging. The conjugation of the TP core with a rhenium tricarbonyl moiety in the TP−RePyta probe altered the localisation in live cells from mitochondria to lysosomes. The introduction of bromine on the TP core generated the TP−Br probe retaining good photophysical properties and mitochondria labelling in live cells. The influence of calcium channels in the uptake of TP−Br was studied. Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Fluorescence (SXRF) imaging of bromine enabled the detection of TP−Br and suggested a negligible presence of the probe in an unbound state in the incubated cells, a crucial point in the development of these probes. This study paves the way towards the development of TP probes as specific organelle stainers suitable for SXRF imaging.     

Imine polymers containing chiral nanohoops in the backbone obtained through [2 + 2] cyclocondensation

A simple method for synthesis of polymers containing shape persistent imine macrocycles as nanohoops in the main chain is studied. It is based on the cyclocondensation reaction carried out in solution and room temperature of triphenylamine-based tetraaldehyde compounds with (R,R)-trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane. The pristine polymer P1 bearing long alkyl groups is soluble during the synthesis but becomes insoluble after precipitation due to the strong and multiple C H/π and π-π stacking intermolecular interactions from arene–arene species and entanglement and interpenetrating of flexible alkyl groups inside of rigid macrocycle hollow. Polymer without any solubilizing groups ( P2 ) separates during the polymerization as an insoluble material. Both polymers are amorphous and have good thermal and environmental stability. They have a low surface area because discrete nanovoids introduced by macrocycles are disconnected in the amorphous polymers and non-accessible for gas adsorption. Polymers have inherent luminescent properties due to triphenylamine groups and chirality derived from (R,R)-conformation of the cyclohexane skeleton. In presence of picric acid (PA), the polymer fluorescence in solid state or suspension is strongly quenched, thus the polymers can work as efficient fluorescent probes toward nitrophenolic compounds. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018 , 56, 2565–2573     

Recent progress in Michael addition-based fluorescent probes for sulfur dioxide and its derivatives

In this review, we have summarized the recent progress of Michael addition-based fluorescent probes for SO₂ and its derivatives in the design strategies, sensing performances, detection mechanisms and applications.     

手术导航用荧光探针

荧光成像技术因具有操作简便、分辨率高、安全性好且可实时成像等优势,在术中导航中具有广阔的应用前景。虽然目前还没有靶向荧光探针在临床上得到批准,但已经有相当一部分荧光探针进入了临床试验阶段。最早进入临床试验的是一些偶联肿瘤靶向配体的荧光染料,例如近红外菁染料(IRDye800CW)标记的肿瘤特异抗体,叶酸标记的异硫氰酸荧光素(EC17)等。近来,结构更复杂的荧光探针如酶反应激活型探针和PET/荧光双模态探针也逐步进入临床试验。本文依据近年来手术导航用荧光探针的最新研究进展,分别就受体介导的靶向荧光探针、可激活型靶向荧光探针、近红外二区(NIR-Ⅱ)荧光探针、多模态荧光探针和诊疗一体化探针进行了分类讨论,重点对正在进行临床研究及具有临床转化前景的荧光探针的分子设计原理进行了分析与总结,并对手术导航用荧光探针未来的发展进行了展望。     

Enantioselective recognition based on aggregation-induced emission

Chirality is one of the most important features of the nature. The recognition of enantiomers plays significant roles in the field of life science, pharmaceutical analysis and food chemistry. Among various recognition methods, fluorescence spectrometry has attracted much attention of researchers thanks to its high sensitivity and easy operation. Compared with traditional fluorescent probes, chiral molecules with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) have drawn increasing interests due to their huge potential in high-efficiency chemo/biosensors and solid emitters. Chiral AIE luminogens (AIEgens) can not only discriminate two enantiomers with excellent enantioselectivity, but also show general applicability for many chiral analytes, such as chiral acids, amino acids, amines, alcohols. In this review, we mainly summarized the recent development of chiral probes with AIE properties, including chiral tetraphenylethylene (TPE) derivatives, α-cyanostilbene derivatives, Schiff base derivatives and other AIEgens. Their synthetic routes, recognition capabilities and possible working mechanisms were well discussed. It is envisioned that the present review can give some significant guidance for design and synthesis of chiral AIEgens with good enantioselectivity and inspire more readers to join the research of chiral AIE.     

Acid-induced tunable white light emission based on triphenylamine derivatives

A series of triphenylamine (TPA) derivatives with various substituent groups were prepared and showed different absorption and fluorescence characteristics due to the substituent effect. On account of the existence of pyridine units, these TPA derivatives exhibited acid-induced tunable multicolor fluorescence emission including white light emission. In addition, acid-induced fluorescence regulation of these compounds has been also realized in the solid state, which enable them to be successfully constructed the stimuli-responsive fluorescent films and fluorescent inks for inkjet printing.     

荧光素类荧光分子探针

荧光素衍生物是重要的荧光探针,在检测和生物成像等领域中显示出巨大的前景。因此,急需对功能性荧光素结构探针的设计策略进行深入研究。通常通过引入醛基或酯化到荧光素呫吨环和苯部分来构建探针,由于其高活性,这些衍生物可以与分析物复合以发生颜色和荧光强度的变化。本文总结了荧光素的修饰位点及方法,介绍了荧光素探针的合成、性质及应用,并对近五年荧光素探针对不同分析物(包括金属阳离子、阴离子、小分子和生物大分子)的检测进行分类说明,旨在为高灵敏度荧光素探针的筛选和生物检测提供参考,并推动其在分析物传感和检测中的进一步应用。     

A new disc-shaped mesogenic compound with olefinic linkage derived from triphenylamine: synthesis, mesogenic behavior and fluorescence properties

A new disc-like triphenylamine containing mesogenic compound has been synthesized by the implementation of the Heck and ring-closing metathesis-based reactions in good yield. The designed and synthesized compound showed rectangular columnar mesophase and this is the first report of liquid crystalline phase of the triphenylamine-based compound with an olefinic linkage. The disc-shaped compound exhibited excellent fluorescence properties.     

Combinatorial discovery of fluorescent pharmacophores by multicomponent reactions in droplet arrays

Fluorescence imaging in clinical diagnostics and biomedical research relies to a great extent on the use of small organic fluorescent probes. Because of the difficulty of combining fluorescent and molecular-recognition properties, the development of such probes has been severely restricted to a number of well-known fluorescent scaffolds. Here we demonstrate that autofluorescing druglike molecules are a valuable source of bioimaging probes. Combinatorial synthesis and screening of chemical libraries in droplet microarrays allowed the identification of new types of fluorophores. Their concise and clean assembly by a multicomponent reaction presents a unique potential for the one-step synthesis of thousands of structurally diverse fluorescent molecules. Because they are based upon a druglike scaffold, these fluorophores retain their molecular recognition potential and can be used to design specific imaging probes.