羰基氧化物RR^1COO的电子结构

本文采用6-31G基组的ab initio方法对羰基氧化物RR~1COO(R,R~1=H,F,CH_3)进行几何构型优化计算,研究其基态的电子结构.结果表明,RR~1COO的稳定结构为双自由基型,其单重态和双重态的相对稳定性受取代基的影响.H_2COO、H(CH_3)COO和(CH_3)_2COO的基态为单重态(~1A),HFCOO和F_2COO的基态为三重态(~3A),HFCOO和H(CH_3)COO的顺式结构比反式稳定.     

荧光素卟啉分子间分子内能量及电子转移反应

合成了以共价键相连的荧光素-卟啉二元分子.研究了荧光素酯与卟啉分子间和分子内的能量及电子转移过程.分子间的荧光猝灭实验表明,当激发荧光素时,荧光素的单重态能量有效地传给卟啉,动态荧光猝灭速度常数(k_d)为1.3×10~(12)s~(-1)·mol~(-1)L.吸收光谱和NMR谱结果表明荧光素与卟啉间有基态相互作用,其静态荧光猝灭速度常数(k_s)为3.6×10~(12)s~(-1)·mol~(-1)·L.在二元分子中,当激发荧光素时,从荧光素到卟啉的单重态能量传递效率在0.90以上,速度常数为 1.2×10~(10)S~(-1)·mol~(-1)·L,溶剂极性对其影响不大.当激发卟啉时,在极性溶剂中发生了电子转移,其转移效率为0.51,速度常数为2.3×10~8s~(-1)·mol~(-1)·L.     

羰基氧化物RR^1COO的电子结构

本文采用6-31G基组的abinitio方法对羰基氧化物RR^1COO(R,R^1=H,F,CH~3)进行几何构型优化计算,研究其基态的电子结构。结果表明,RR^1COO的稳定结构为双自由基型,其单重态和双重态的相对稳定性受取代基的影响。H~2COO、H(CH~3)COO和(CH~3)~2COO的基态为单重态(^1A),HFCOO和F~2COO的基态为三重态(^3A),HFCOO和H(CH~3)COO的顺式结构比反式稳定。     

C2BH3稳定性与芳香性的从头算研究

在密度泛函理论B3LYP/6-311 G(2df)水平上,对C2BH3异构体进行结构优化和简谐振动频率计算。结果表明C2BH3基态为平面环状结构(1A1,C2V)。分子轨道分析显示基态有一个垂直于分子平面、双电子占据的π分子轨道;其三元环几何中心核独立化学位移(NICS)为较大负值,这些表明基态分子具有较强的芳香性。在相同的理论水平上,本文最后详细地分析了基态的红外振动光谱。     

VOx(x=1-5)团簇结构与稳定性的DFT研究

用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP方法在相对论有效实势（RECP）(O/6-311++g(d,p), V/lanl2dz)水平上对气态VOx(x=1-5)分子的几何构型, 振动频率, 电子亲和势和能级分布进行了理论研究. 通过对基态结构的几何参数分析发现, 它们的基态结构趋于立体结构. 其基态结构为: VO (4Σ), VO2 (2A1), VO3 (2A), VO4 (2A2), VO5 (4B2) . 对基态结构的垂直电离能, 电子性质和能级分布研究分析表明: 该系列分子最稳定的是VO4, 最不稳定的是VO. 该系列分子基态的平均VO键键长随氧原子数的增加而增长.     

生色团连接的苯骈三氮唑衍生物的激发态分子内质子转移

用从头算和密度泛函理论研究了对硝基二苯乙烯作为生色团连接的2-(2-羟基-苯基)-苯骈三氮唑的衍生物2-羟基-5-[对硝基-二苯乙烯基-氧亚甲基]-苯基-(2H-苯骈三氮唑)(C1)和4′-硝基-3,4-二[2-羟基-(2H-苯骈三氮唑)-苄氧基]-二苯乙烯(C2)发生激发态分子内质子转移(ESIPT)的可能性.系统研究了C1和C2发生ESIPT的互变异构体的基态与激发态的性质变化,包括相关的键长、键角等结构参数,Mulliken电荷和偶极矩,前线轨道以及势能曲线.计算结果表明,对于C1来讲,酮式(keto)的基态(K)不存在稳定结构,因此发生基态分子内质子转移(GSIPT)可能性很小.酮式的激发态(K*)的氢键强度要远强于烯醇式(enol)的激发态(E*)的氢键强度.分子在光致激发后,质子供体所带负电荷减小而质子受体所带负电荷增加.在K*,HOMO→LUMO的电子跃迁导致电子密度从"酚环"向质子化杂环转移.E*→K*跃迁只需要克服较小的能垒(约41 kJ.mol-1).计算结果表明C1发生ESIPT的可能性很大.C2由于具有高能量,其具有基态的单质子转移特征的异构体EK(同时含烯醇E与酮K结构)、具有基态的双质子转移特征的异构体2K(含有双酮结构),以及具有双酮结构特征的激发态2K*均无法获得它们的稳定结构,因此,基态分子内单或双质子转移和激发态分子内双重质子转移发生的可能性极小.然而,由于双烯醇式的激发态(2E*)和EK的激发态(EK*)存在稳定结构,且2E*→EK*跃迁具有低能垒,因此C2有可能发生激发态分子内单重质子转移.本文进一步计算了两个分子的紫外-可见吸收光谱与荧光发射光谱,获得了具有较大斯托克位移的ESIPT的荧光发射峰.     

电喷雾串联质谱中苯乙酰苯胺衍生物去质子化离子裂解产生阴离子自由基的机理研究

电喷雾串联质谱中偶电子负离子裂解产生阴离子自由基是一种违反偶电子规则的异常碎裂反应, 但是这种碎裂反应也常常被观察到, 其机理传统上一直被认为是共价键的简单均裂. 针对苯乙酰苯胺及其衍生物(R¹C₆H₄CH₂CONH- C₆H₄R²)的去质子化离子([M-H]^-)裂解生成阴离子自由基这一特殊的碎裂反应提出了一个新颖的反应机理, 即离子/中性复合物介导的单电子转移反应机理. 以化合物3 (R¹＝H, R²＝NO₂)为模型提出的反应机理为, 首先氮上负电荷诱导CH₂—CO键异裂生成[苄基负离子/4-硝基苯异氰酸酯]复合物中间体, 然后复合物中发生单电子转移反应产生4-硝基苯异氰酸酯阴离子自由基. 通过取代基效应研究(电子亲和势分析)、与文献报道的双分子电子转移反应比较和密度泛函理论计算等方法, 新反应机理得到了证明.     

AlnO±2团簇结构的几何特征与稳定性

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP方法,在6-311G**水平上对AInO±2 (n=1-10)团簇的几何和电子结构进行了理论计算.讨论了混合团簇的基态结构与振动频率,以及电荷转移与分子轨道.结果表明,AlnO±2(n＞1)团簇的基态结构都是2个较小的AlmO(m＜n)分子碎片通过Al原子或1个Al4O2局部结构与Al簇相结合形成的.通过对基态结构的能量分析,得到了AlnO±2团簇的稳定性信息.     

AlnO2±团簇结构的几何特征与稳定性

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP方法,在6-311G**水平上对AlnO2±(n=1-10)团簇的几何和电子结构进行了理论计算.讨论了混合团簇的基态结构与振动频率,以及电荷转移与分子轨道.结果表明,AlnO2±(n>1)团簇的基态结构都是2个较小的AlmO(m相似文献   

N-(末端三丁基锡取代基)酰亚胺的光诱导单电子转移成环反应

合成了两种新的分子内给受电子体系N-[2-(2-三丁基锡甲硫基)乙基]邻苯二甲酰亚胺(1a)和N-(3-三丁基锡丙基)马来酰亚胺(1b),并在甲醇、乙腈-30%水、乙腈中进行了光诱导单电子转移反应.化合物1a在光诱导下发生分子内单电子转移反应,以很高的产率和区域选择性生成环胺醇2.化合物1b在光诱导下发生分子内单电子转移反应生成环胺醇3,同时有[2+2]环加成副反应产物4生成.以上所有新化合物的结构经质谱和核磁共振谱验证.     

含R_2NCS_2配体的过渡金属配合物~1H NMR研究

报道１１中含Ｒ_２ＮＣＳ_２配体的过渡金属配合物的~１ＨＮＭＲ研究结果。对其顺磁性化合物的磁性和电子结构进行了讨论；并探讨了抗磁性化合物的分子结构和ＮＭＲ关系。     

trans versus geminal electron delocalization in tetra- and diethynylethenes: a new method of analysis

trans-Diethynylethene [(E)-hex-3-ene-1,5-diyne (1 a)], geminal-diethynylethene [3-ethynyl-but-3-ene-1-yne (1 b)], and tetraethynylethene [3,4-diethynyl-hex-3-ene-1,5-diyne (2)] are flexible molecular building blocks for pi-conjugated polymers with interesting electronic and photonic properties. The type of functionalization, the length of the polymer chain, and the choice of pi-conjugation pattern, play a crucial role in determining the properties of these compounds. To rationalize the impact of the different delocalization pathways in the various types of isomers (trans or geminal) on the molecular and electronic structure, a detailed theoretical investigation is presented. We develop a method based on the natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis of Weinhold, which allows one to correlate electron delocalization with molecular and electronic structure observables. The method reveals that the difference between trans (or through) and geminal (or cross) conjugation is not only due to the vertical pi conjugation, but also to the in-plane sigma hyperconjugation. The method is used to correlate the changes in molecular and electronic observables, such as the bond lengths or the absorption frequencies, with the electronic structure of the compounds under investigation. Moreover, this method allows us to predict how a certain substituent will affect the molecular structure and the electronic properties of a given backbone.     

Electronic structure, statistical mechanical simulations, and EXAFS spectroscopy of aqueous potassium

We investigate the solvation structure of aqueous potassium ions, using a combination of electronic structure calculations, statistical mechanical simulations with a derived polarizable empirical potential and experimental measurement of the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra. The potassium K-edge (at 3,608 eV) EXAFS spectra were acquired on the bending magnet of sector 20 at the Advanced Photon Source, at ambient conditions and for the concentrations of 1 and 4 m KCl. We focus on the coordination distances and the degree of disorder of the first hydration shell as determined by electronic structure calculations, molecular dynamics simulations and experimental measurement. Finally, we characterize the changes of the structure in the first hydration shell with increasing temperature as predicted by molecular simulation     

Probing the acidity of p-substituted phenols in the excited state: electronic spectroscopy of the p-cyanophenol-water cluster.

The hydrogen bond structure of the p-cyanophenol-water cluster has been determined in the ground and first excited electronic state by rotationally resolved UV spectroscopy. The water molecule is trans-linearly bound to the hydroxy group of the p-cyanophenol moiety, with hydrogen bond distances considerably shorter in both electronic states than in the similar phenol-water cluster. The structure of the cluster has been elucidated by ab initio calculations at various levels of theory and compared to the experimental findings. The barriers to internal rotation of the water moiety were determined experimentally to be 275 and 183 cm(-1) for the ground and excited state, respectively. Hydrogen bond distances and the energy barrier to water torsion correlate with the pK(a) values of different substituted phenols for both electronic states.     

Influence of the alkyl and alkoxy side chains on the electronic structure and charge-transport properties of polythiophene derivatives

Density Functional Theory has been used to study the structural, electronic and charge-transport properties of two regio-regular head-to-tail polythiophene derivatives, i.e. poly(3-hexyl-thiophene), P3HT, and poly(3-oxyhexyl-thiophene), P3OHT. The effect of substituents on the electronic structure was analyzed by means of bandwidth, bandgap, effective mass, total and partial densities of states and crystal orbital overlap populations. Electronic couplings were estimated from band diagrams as the splitting of the valence band. The neutral and cationic states of isolated oligomers were optimized using the supercell approximation. The hole-transfer rates and mobilities were evaluated according to Marcus's theory. Results provide a compelling illustration of the effect of side chains on the crystal packing, electronic structure and charge-transport properties. Thus, the hole mobility calculated for the alkyl derivative was 0.15 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) (experimental mobility is 0.10 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1)), while the alkoxy derivative has a theoretical mobility of 0.49 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1). The obtained results hopefully could motivate experimentalists to try out P3OHT for an improved charge carrier mobility.     

带不同推电子基团二聚苯撑乙烯的电子结构与发光性能

用Wittig路线合成了一系列带不同推电子取代基的二聚苯撑乙烯,用紫外光谱和循环伏安方法测定其电子结构,并用量子化学计算方法对齐聚物的电子能级进行模拟.讨论了吸收光谱、发射光谱与生色团的电子结构的关系.     

Electronic probing of ketone catalysts for asymmetric epoxidation. Search for more robust catalysts

[structure: see text]. Ketones with a fused oxazolidinone were synthesized and investigated to determine the electronic effect of the substituents at alpha-positions of ketone catalysts on the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation and catalytic properties for asymmetric epoxidation. These new ketones give high yields and ee's with only 1-5 mol % catalyst. The current studies further show that the electronic effect is very important for the ketone-catalyzed epoxidation.     

Competition between van der Waals and hydrogen bonding interactions: structure of the trans-1-naphthol/N(2) cluster

The excitation energy in the multiphoton ionization spectrum of the trans-1-naphthol/N(2) cluster shows only a small red shift with respect to isolated naphthol, indicating a van der Waals pi-bound structure rather than a hydrogen-bonded one. To confirm this interpretation, high-level electronic structure calculations were performed for several pi- and hydrogen-bonded isomers of this cluster. The calculations were carried out at the second order M?ller-Plesset (MP2) level of perturbation theory with the family of correlation consistent basis sets up to quintuple-zeta quality including corrections for the basis set superposition error and extrapolation to the MP2 complete basis set (CBS) limit. We report the optimal geometries, vibrational frequencies, and binding energies (D(e)), also corrected for harmonic zero-point energies (D(0)), for three energetically low-lying isomers. In all calculations the lowest energy structure was found to be an isomer with the N(2) molecule bound to the pi-system of the naphthol ring carrying the OH group. In the CBS limit its dissociation energy was computed to be D(0) = 2.67 kcal/mol (934 cm(-1)) as compared to D(0) = 1.28 kcal/mol (448 cm(-1)) for the H-bound structure. The electronic structure calculations therefore confirm the assignment of the experimental electronic spectrum corresponding to a van der Waals pi-bound structure. The energetic stabilization of the pi-bound isomer with respect to the hydrogen-bonded one is rather unexpected when compared with previous findings in related systems, in particular phenol/N(2).     

MO-berechnungen an heterocyclen—VI : Elektronenspektren und elektronenstruktur von azaindolizinen,methyl- und hydroxysubstituierten polyazaindolizinen

The electronic spectra and electronic structure of some azaindolizines, methyl- and hydroxy-substituted polyazaindolizines were calculated by means of the PPP-procedure. With the electronic spectra and heats of atomization the tautomerism of 5-hydroxy-1,3,8-triazaindolizine, 5-hydroxy-7-methyl-1,3,8-triazaindolizine, 5-hydroxy-7-methyl-1,2,8-triazaindolizine, and 5-hydroxy-7-methyl-1 ,2,3,8-tetrazaindolizine was investigated.     

石房蛤毒素(STX)衍生物的电子结构与毒性-结构关系研究

本文对十个石房蛤毒素(Saxitoxin,STX)衍生物进行了量子化学(INDO)计算,得到了多种电子结构信息。据此研究了它们的电子结构特征,确定了它们的活性部位。通过构效关系研究,发现某些电子结构指数与毒性之间存在较好的相关关系。这些结果为讨论该类化合物的作用机理、与受体之间的相互作用及进一步的分子设计提供了有价值的信息。