Erratum to: “Effect of the Conditions of Anodizing on the Morphology of Nanotitania”

Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A - The list of authors and their affiliations should read: N. V. Roota, b, D. Yu. Kultina, L. M. Kustova, b, I. K. Kudryavtseva, and O. K. Lebedevaa,*...     

On the Nature of the Cherdyntsev–Chalov Effect

It is shown that the Cherdyntsev–Chalov effect, usually presented as the separation of even isotopes of uranium upon their transition from the solid to the liquid phase, can include initiated acceleration of the radioactive decay of uranium-238 nuclei during the formation of cracks in geologically (seismic and volcanically) active zones of the Earth’s crust. The fissuring of the solid-phase medium leads to an increase in mechanical tensile stress and the emergence of strong local electric fields, resulting in the injection of chemical-scale high-energy electrons into the aqueous phase of the cracks. Under these conditions, the e^? catalytic decay of uranium-238 nucleus studied earlier can occur during the formation of metastable protactinium-238 nuclei with locally distorted nucleon structure, which subequently undergo β^–decay with the formation of thorium-234 and helium-4 nuclei as products of the fission of the initial uranium-238 nucleus with a characteristic period of several years. The observed increased activity of uranium-234 nuclei that form during the subsequent β-decay of thorium and then protactinium is associated with the initiated fission of uranium-238. The possibility is discussed of developing thermal power by using existing wastes from uranium production that contain uranium-238 to activate this isotope through the mechanochemical processing of these wastes in aqueous media with the formation of ₉₁ ²³⁸ Pa _isu , the half-life of which is several years.     

“Cap-Pair” Effect as the Reason of the Catalytic Properties of Nicotinic Acid: Experimental and Theoretical Studies

The influence of nicotinic acid (NC) on the kinetics and the mechanism of electroreduction of Zn²⁺ ions in the acetate buffer (pH=6.0) was investigated using electrochemical methods (EIS, CV, SWV and DC). It was shown that the anions of NC catalyze the electrode reaction (cap-pair effect) by adsorbing on the surface of the mercury electrode. The catalytic activity of NC is due to its ability to form active NC−Zn²⁺ complexes on the electrode surface, facilitating the electron transfer process. However, no evidence of the formation of such complexes in the solution was found using classical molecular dynamics. Moreover, it was proved that the electroreduction of Zn²⁺ ions in the presence of NC is a two-stage process. The first stage involves the transfer of the first electron, preceded by the partial loss of the hydration shell by the Zn²⁺ ions and formation of the active complex. Moreover, it was shown that in the range of lower concentrations, c≤1.10⁻² mol.dm⁻³, the nicotinic acid shows weaker catalytic abilities than another form of vitamin B3 – nicotinamide. In the range of its higher concentrations, the nicotinic acid is a more effective catalyst for the electroreduction of Zn²⁺ ions.     

Effect of Addition Groups on the Redox Properties of Fullerenes

采用循环伏安法和微分脉冲伏安法对比地研究了包括五种Ｃ６０的衍生物及四种Ｃ７０的衍生物的电化学性质．结果表明，推电子基团的引入使得富勒烯的氧化还原电位负移，这种负移的程度与加成基团的性质、个数和富勒烯的性质有关．对于Ｃ６０和Ｃ７０的单加成产物，负移的范围是０．０８～０．２０Ｖ．而对于Ｃ６０的双加成和三加成产物负移的范围分别为０．３０～０．３２Ｖ和０．５３～０．５８Ｖ．同时由于电位的负移大部分衍生物在低于＋１．５Ｖ（ｖｓ．ＳＣＥ）观察到了氧化峰，而Ｃ６０和Ｃ７０本身的氧化高达＋１．７Ｖ（ｖｓ．ＳＣＥ）．特别是对于Ｃ７０的双加成产物在＋０．４５Ｖ（ｖｓ．ＳＣＥ）出现了一个不可逆氧化峰，但是，对于同样加成基团的Ｃ６０双加成产物的氧化却在＋０．９０Ｖ（ｖｓ．ＳＣＥ），说明由于推电子基团的双加成引入，明显改变了Ｃ７０的电负性．     

Effect of Acridine Derivatives on the Dissolution of α-Brass

Acridine derivatives as inhibitors of diffusion- and diffusion–kinetic-controlled dissolution of -brass are studied. Inhibition coefficients of the dissolution and its steps correlate with parameters of a standard reaction series and wavelengths of the longest-wave absorption band of the electronic spectrum.     

Specific “Unlocking” of a Nanozyme-Based Butterfly Effect To Break the Evolutionary Fitness of Chaotic Tumors

Chaos and the natural evolution of tumor systems can lead to the failure of tumor therapies. Herein, we demonstrate that iridium oxide nanoparticles (IrO_x) possess acid-activated oxidase and peroxidase-like functions and wide pH-dependent catalase-like properties. The integration of glucose oxidase (GOD) unlocked the oxidase and peroxidase activities of IrO_x by the production of gluconic acid from glucose by GOD catalysis in cancer cells, and the produced H₂O₂ was converted into O₂ to compensate its consumption in GOD catalysis owing to the catalase-like function of the nanozyme, thus resulting in the continual consumption of glucose and the self-supply of substrates to generate superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical. Moreover, IrO_x can constantly consume glutathione (GSH) by self-cyclic valence alternation of Ir^IV and Ir^III. These cascade reactions lead to a “butterfly effect” of initial starvation therapy and the subsequent pressure of multiple reactive oxygen species (ROS) to completely break the self-adaption of cancer cells.     

Effect of pH on the Hydrothermal Synthesis of BN Nanocrystals

Boron nitride (BN) has been synthesized using hydrothermal synthesis method. The experimental results showed that the pH value of the reaction solution has an important effect on the yield and phases of BN samples. As the pH value decreased, the content of cBN increased and the yield improved. The increase in cBN content is resulted from the conversion of oBN into cBN under hydrothermal condition, and the growth of cBN nanocrystals may due to the decrease in the reaction speed, thus the crystalline perfection of BN improved when the pH value decreased.     

Effect of loop on the stability of intramolecular triplex DNA

Conformation stabilities of intramolecular triple-helical DNAs (intra-tnplex DNAs: 5-d(TC)6-d(T)m-d(CT)6-d(C)n-d(AG)6-3',where m and n are chosen to be 4 and 3) have been examined by molecular mechanics.The four intra-triplexes (H-DNAs) are compared with the mtermolecular triplexes d(TC)6 * d ( AG)6 d(CT)6.The results revealed that loops do not significantly influence the mtratriplex conformations,loop conformations,however,depend partly on its length.Loop also makes strand Ⅱ of every intra-triplex DNA longer than that of the inter-triplex DNA.Most of residue sugar conformations of triple-helical DNAs are S-type,there aiso exist,however,N-type conformation and the conformations between S-type and N-type Possible models of the five triplex DNAs are presented.     

Effect of γ-irradiation on the induction period of the thermal decomposition of barium perchlorate

Decomposition of barium perchlorate occurs through various stages: (i) initial gas evolution, (ii) induction period, (iii) short acceleratory, and (iv) long decay. Effect of pre-irradiation with⁶⁰Co -rays (5 to 100 Mrad) on the decomposition process between 703.0 to 733.0 K shows that irradiation reduces the duration of induction periodI to the onset of reaction conforming to the relation:I=C ₁-C₂ log dose. The experimental data forI are very close to the theoretical values obtained by using the induction period-dose relationship. The topochemical aspects of the validity of the above relation has been considered to be due to the linear growth of nuclei during irradiation and subsequent exponential growth during the induction period. Irradiation enhances the rate of reaction in the acceleratory stage but decreases the duration of the decay period.     

Study on molecular weight cut-off performance of asymmetric aromatic polyimide membrane “Effect of the additive agents”

Asymmetric polyimide membranes were fabricated from casting solution of 18 wt% polyamic acid and 1.3–20 wt% additive agent in dimethylacetamide at 343 K, with 1 min evaporation time, followed by a cyclization process of thermal treatment in a bath of dioctyl sebacate under N₂ in three steps: 1 h at 373 K, 1 h at 473 K, 1 h at 573 K. The effect of additive agents and their quantity on the molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) performance of the asymmetric aromatic polyimide membrane were examined. By changing a sort of additive agents, the MWCO of the fabricated aromatic polyimide asymmetric membranes can be adjusted in the range of 400–650 daltons. By changing amount of additive agents, MWCO of the fabricated aromatic polyimide asymmetric membranes remain almost constant at the value of approximately 400 daltons for pyrene, and increased from 500–650 daltons for polystyrene.     

Remarkable Stereoelectronic Effect of the Methylenedioxy Phenyl System in the Total Synthesis of Cephalotaxine

Methylenedioxyphenyl unit displays a significant stereoelectronic effect in some key transformations in the total synthesis of cephalotaxine. The ring-strain of methylenedioxy ring may account for some important facile ring-skeleton rearrangements.     

J-mixing Effect of the Crystal-field on the Spectroscopic Characteristics of Rare-earth Doped Laser Crystals

1INTRODUCTIONJudd-Ofelttheory""'pointsoutthatthemaincontributiontotheelectricdipole(ED)transitionwithin4fxconfigurationofrare-earthionsinthecrystalarisesfromtheinteractionoftheodd-ordertermsinthestaticordynamiccrystal-field(CF)pcrtential,whichadmixopposite-parityconfigurationsinto4fxconfigurationandhencepermittheEDtransitionwithin4fxconfiguration.InthederivationofJudd-Ofeltformula,itisassumedthatthetotalangularmomentumJ,remainsagoodquantumnumber.However,inthecrystal,theirreducib1erepre…     

Effect of Oxygen and Bacteria on the Property of Polymer Gel

The viscosity property of Cr~(3 ),Al~(3 ),and compound ion cross-linked polymer gel solution in the anaerobic and aerobic environment was investigated aiming at meeting the practical demand of the oil field.The viscosity reserving effect after adding the biocide and the gelation in the anaerobic and aerobic environments was also studied in the paper.The results indicate that the viscosity of the cross-linked polymer gel solution caused by the water produced in aerobic environment is higher than that in anaerobic environment,and that the viscosity value of the cross-linked polymer gel solutions after adding biocides has improved to some extent and polymer gel has gelated well in anaerobic environment.     

Effect of CuO Doping on the Electrical Behavior of ZrO2

Electrical conductivity has been measured at different temperatures for ZrO2 doped with various molar ratios of CuO. The conductivity increases due to migration of vacancies, created by doping. The conductivity was found to increase with increase in temperature till 220℃ and thereafter decrease due to collapse of the fluorite framework. A second rise in conductivity around 500 ℃ was observed due to phase transition of ZrO2. X-ray powder diffraction, DTA and IR studies were carried out for confirming doping effect and phase transition in ZrO2.     

Effect of fusion conditions ofβ-polypropylene on the new crystallization

The new crystallization of -modification of polypropylene (-PP) was studied after melring as a function of the final temperature of fusion (T _F ). The new crystallization, thermal characteristics, polymorphic composition, and structure of recrystallized samples were highly influenced by theT _F level. As a function ofT _F , three characteristic regions were outlined: Region I below the melting point of -modification, region II between the melting points of - and -modifications, and region III above the melting point of -modification. In the vicinity of the melting points of both modifications, two narrow transition regions are observed where the crystallization and structural characteristics changed abruptly withT _F . AtT _F values in region I, recrystallization of -modification proceeded without any change in the modification. IfT _F fell in region II, the sample crystallized newly into -modification. The optically negative -ring-spherulites were replaced by positive microclusters of -modification and a marked structural memory effect was observed. In region III, the above characteristic became invariant withT _F (region of blank melt). These observations may be interpreted by the role of self nuclei.     

The Effect of Cd on the Electrochromic Properties of NiO_xH_y film

ElectrochrondcmaterialshavebeenattractingmoreandmoreattentionbecauseoftheirusefulnessonSmartWindows'.Byharnessingthesolarradiationtobuildingsorautomobileinteriors,onecanmodifytheilluminationandheatgainedandconvertitintoenergytoimprovecomfort,bytakingadvantageofthelowpowerrequirementSofelectrochromicmaterials.Amongthesematerials,Nio.H,isthemostpromisingduetoitShighcoloringefficiency,lowmaterialcost,highstability,andinparticular,its"grayeffectlll'2.Inaddition,Nio.H,isalsousedwidelyasapositive…     

Effect of organic solvent on the crystal structure of Concanavalin A

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Capacitance Characterization of the Effect of pH Value on the Self—assembled Monolayers of Octadecanethiol

In this paper,the membrane capacitance(Cm),which was obtained from the ecectrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) method,was used to characterize the effect of pH value on the self-assembled monolayers(SAMs) of octadecanethiol(18SH) for the first time.The results not only strongly proved that inorganic ions could penetrate the SAMs of 18SH,but also ascertained that SAMs of 18SH were not an absolute of free of ion-penetration.Verifying the existence of pin-holes in the octadecanethiol SAMs was the main contribution of this paper,which coincided with the former conjecture very well.