光/热成像用活性醚化物阻溶/促溶剂的分子设计

本文提供了低分子量酚类化合物与乙烯基烷基醚合成醚化率百分之百的高酸解活性醚化物(以下简称活性醚化物)的一般合成方法,并对其合成条件的优选进行了讨论.建立了原料酚类化合物与成像性能密切相关的参数,如羟当量,临界碱水不可溶羟当量,临界碱水可溶羟当量,表征原料酚类化合物阻溶、促溶能力比的M_P/A值,按照成像要求所设定的碱水易溶、碱水可溶、碱水微溶、碱水不溶(难溶)的AS_TW参数.测定或推算出活性醚化物的平均醚当量、与分子量相关的校正醚当量、活性醚化物的M_E/A_E值以及M_E/A_E值与M_P/A值的比值(即DL值)等多项参数.围绕上述参数的建立,提出了一些经验计算公式,根据所建立的参数值以及多年来从事光/热成像实验的实践,提出了光/热成像用活性醚化物分子设计的有关规则.     

气相色谱法研究稀土金属络合物的络合作用——Ⅰ.三-[1,1,1,2,2,3,3-七氟-7,7-二甲基-辛二酮-(4,6)]铕(Ⅲ)与醚类的相互作用

以三-[1,1,1,2,2,3,3-七氟-7,7-二甲基-辛二酮-(4,6)]铕(Ⅲ)[Eu(fod)₃]在角鲨烷中的溶液作为气相色谱固定相,研究了电子效应和位阻效应对不同醚类与Eu(fod)₃络合作用的影响。我们发现饱和脂肪醚与Eu(fod)₃络合,位阻效应是主要因素。位阻越大,络合作用越弱,生成的络合物越不稳定。α-位不饱和脂肪醚及芳香醚,由于π键的共轭效应大大降低了氧原子的电子云密度,以致不易与Eu(fod)₃络合,这时电子效应是主要因素。这些结果与酮、醇和Eu(fod)₃的络合作用有所不同。     

连苯三酚缩二乙烯基苯树脂活性醚化物的合成与成像应用

通过乙烯基乙醚和连苯三酚缩二乙烯基苯树脂( PDVB resin)的羟基加成,合成了具有缩醛结构的活性醚化物,并对该活性醚化物的合成条件进行优化.这种具有缩醛结构的活性醚化物具有常温酸解和热解性能,作为阻溶促溶剂可用于常温化学增幅阳图感光成像和阳图热敏成像中.用于阳图热敏CTP感热成像配方中,使得版材具有高感度、高抗碱性、高稳定性;用于阳图CTcP感光成像配方中,使得该版材的综合成像性能优良;用于正性光致抗蚀剂成像配方中,使得该正性光致抗蚀剂具有高感度和高分辨率.     

取代乙烯顺反异构体键能和稳定性的密度泛函理论研究

对十甲种取代乙烯（XX’CCYY’）顺反异构体进行了DFT-B3LYP/6-31G（d)水 平的几何全优化的总能量、总键能的计算。结果表明，对无共轭大π键的二取代乙 烯，其顺式异构体的总能量比反式异构体的低，前沿轨道能隙、总键能和总π键能 均比反式异构体的大，而对有共轭大π键的体系，其情况则刚好相反。表明对于前 者其顺式异构体比反式异构体稳定，而对于后者则反式异构体比顺式异构体稳定。     

霍林郭勒褐煤超临界乙醇解机理分析

利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪分析了脱水的霍林郭勒褐煤(HL)及其超临界乙醇解所得萃取物和萃余物,并利用气相色谱/质谱联用仪分析了萃取物。根据分析结果考察了HL超临界乙醇解的机理,发现HL超临界乙醇解过程中存在烷基取代和醚氧桥键的断裂反应,且以脂肪族醚氧桥键的断裂为主。     

2-[（4'-N，N-二甲胺基）苯乙烯基]-5-二米基硼-噻吩的合成-结构与光物理性质

合成了以含硼（III）基团为电子受体，以二甲胺基为电子给体，以苯乙烯基 噻吩为共轭桥的新化合物2-[（4'-N，N-二甲胺基）苯乙烯基]-5-二米基硼-噻吩 trans-2-[(4'-N, N-dimethylamino) styryl]-5-dimesitylboryl-thiophene（简 写为DMASBT，5）。X射线衍射方法测定其单晶结构表明，硼原子与π共轭桥之间的 硼碳键相对于其它的硼碳键明显缩短，硼与π共轭桥之间存在除了σ键之外的p-π 共轭作用。研究了它在不同溶剂中的光物理性质，发现它具有突出的溶致变色效应 。在极性较大的溶剂中，有较高的荧光量子产率和较长的荧光寿命。激光实验发现 ，DMASBT在近红外波段（750～850 nm）有较强的非线性吸收，用波长为800 nm的 红色飞秒激光激发时，DMASBT在四氢呋喃中发现波长为559 nm的强的绿色上转换荧 光。     

2-[（4'-N，N-二甲胺基）苯乙烯基]-5-二米基硼-噻吩的合成-结构与光物理性质

合成了以含硼（III）基团为电子受体，以二甲胺基为电子给体，以苯乙烯基 噻吩为共轭桥的新化合物2-[（4'-N，N-二甲胺基）苯乙烯基]-5-二米基硼-噻吩 trans-2-[(4'-N, N-dimethylamino) styryl]-5-dimesitylboryl-thiophene（简 写为DMASBT，5）。X射线衍射方法测定其单晶结构表明，硼原子与π共轭桥之间的 硼碳键相对于其它的硼碳键明显缩短，硼与π共轭桥之间存在除了σ键之外的p-π 共轭作用。研究了它在不同溶剂中的光物理性质，发现它具有突出的溶致变色效应 。在极性较大的溶剂中，有较高的荧光量子产率和较长的荧光寿命。激光实验发现 ，DMASBT在近红外波段（750～850 nm）有较强的非线性吸收，用波长为800 nm的 红色飞秒激光激发时，DMASBT在四氢呋喃中发现波长为559 nm的强的绿色上转换荧 光。     

Pt/NbPWO双功能催化剂的制备及氢解碱木质素制备芳香单体

木质素是一种天然芳香族聚合物,约占木质纤维素的30%,是唯一通过裂解C―O醚键和C―C键生产芳香族化学品或液体燃料的可再生芳香族资源。迄今为止,对木质素氢解制备有价值化合物的研究主要集中在相对不稳定的C―O键的裂解上,这限制了木质素氢解的效率。采用水热法和湿浸渍法制备了多功能Pt/NbPWO催化剂。通过破坏碱木质素中的C―O键和C―C键,可以得到产率为18.02%的芳香族单体。该反应不仅可以断裂木质素聚合物中醚键,同时也可以断裂部分关键的C―C键。其氢解机理可能是丰富的Brønsted酸和Lewis酸位点参与了C―C的活化。此外,重点分析载体和Pt物种在Pt/NbPWO催化剂中的协同作用。     

含有酰亚胺结构单元的氮杂和硫杂稠五环分子的合成与性能研究

设计合成了含有酰亚胺结构单元的氮杂和硫杂稠五环共轭分子1和2, 并对它们的物理化学性质进行了研究. 实验结果显示酰亚胺基团的引入不仅使得分子具有良好的溶解性, 而且有效地降低分子的HOMO和LUMO能级. 化合物1的单晶结构显示其共轭核具有良好的平面性. 单晶中, 化合物1通过强的π-π相互作用形成二聚体, 二聚体之间存在强的氢键相互作用. 基于化合物2的薄膜场效应晶体管表现出p-型场效应晶体管行为, 其最高迁移率为2.75×10^-3 cm²·V^-1·s^-1.     

N-[1-(取代苯基)乙基]-2-羟基苯甲酰肼的合成、表征及抑菌活性

依据邻羟基二苯醚及芳香肼类化合物的抗菌特性, 以邻羟苯基为分子核心, 酰肼键为桥基, 设计合成了7种未见报道的N-(取代苯基)乙基-2-羟基苯甲酰肼类化合物. 以水杨酸甲酯为原料, 经肼解反应后与取代苯乙酮缩合, 再与硼氢化钠反应制得目标化合物, 化合物结构经IR, ¹H NMR和元素分析等证实. 抗菌活性测试结果表明, 该类化合物对不同菌株的抑菌活性具有明显的选择性和特异性. 当质量浓度为1×10^-4 g/mL时, 化合物3b和3e对大肠杆菌和白色念珠菌的抑菌率高达100%, 有极强的抑菌活性; 所有化合物对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率均大于70%, 有一定的抑菌活性. 构效关系分析结果表明, 苯基中引入Cl或Br等卤原子能显著增强化合物的抑菌活性, 而引入-NO₂及-CH₃基团则会降低其抑菌活性.     

Improvement in Aqueous Solubility of Retinoic Acid Receptor (RAR) Agonists by Bending the Molecular Structure

Aqueous solubility is a key requirement for many functional molecules, e. g., drug candidates. Decrease of the partition coefficient (log P) by chemical modification, i.e., introduction of hydrophilic group(s) into molecules, is a classical strategy for improving aqueous solubility. We have been investigating alternative strategies for improving the aqueous solubility of pharmaceutical compounds by disrupting intermolecular interactions. Here, we show that introducing a bend into the molecular structure of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) agonists by changing the substitution pattern from para to meta or ortho dramatically enhances aqueous solubility by up to 890‐fold. We found that meta analogs exhibit similar hydrophobicity to the parent para compound, and have lower melting points, supporting the idea that the increase of aqueous solubility was due to decreased intermolecular interactions in the solid state as a result of the structural changes.     

Molecular Engineering of Azobenzene-Based Anolytes Towards High-Capacity Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries

Aqueous redox flow batteries (RFBs) are promising alternatives for large-scale energy storage. However, new organic redox-active molecules with good chemical stability and high solubility are still desired for high-performance aqueous RFBs due to their low crossover capability and high abundance. We report azobenzene-based molecules with hydrophilic groups as new active materials for aqueous RFBs by utilizing the reversible redox activity of azo groups. By rationally tailoring the molecular structure of azobenzene, the solubility is favorably improved from near zero to 2 M due to the highly charged asymmetric structure formed in alkaline environment. DFT simulations suggest that the concentrated solution stability can be enhanced by adding hydrotropic agent to form intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The demonstrated RFB exhibits long cycling stability with a capacity retention of 99.95 % per cycle over 500 cycles. It presents a viable chemical design route towards advanced aqueous RFBs.     

Tensiometry as a Simple Analytical Method for Quantification of Solubility and Release of Aroma Molecules in Aqueous Media

Dynamic tensiometry is shown to be a high-potential analytical tool in assessing physico-chemical characteristics of fragrance molecules, such as solubility limit, volatility as well as much rarely assessed interfacial activity of these amphiphilic molecules. Surface tension of aqueous solutions of selected essential oils has been measured as a function of time and fragrance concentration using maximum bubble pressure method. The effect of the temperature and saline solution on the rate of dissolution in water was assessed. Dynamic surface tension turned to be sensitive to the composition of fragrances, as demonstrated on examples of natural and synthetic mixtures. Furthermore, presented work reveals the possibility of maximum bubble pressure tensiometry method to quantify the amount of fragrance compositions in flavored salts, including the artificially aged carrier samples. Suggested here analytical approach can be used for the detection of the purity of essential oils, for the optimization of compositions and of the manufacturing processes of fragrances-containing products, as well as for the assessment of the release/evaporation of fragrances from carrier systems.     

三嗪类化合物溶解度参数及毒性构－效关系

测定了１２种三嗪类化合物的水溶解度，辛醇水分配系数和对发光菌的毒性，并用分子连结性指数建立了预测三嗪类化合物的溶解度，辛醇水分配系数及对发光菌毒性的定量结构活性相关方程，其中１０种化合物文献中未见报道。     

一种计算水溶解度的经验加合模型的适用范围与局限

我们发展了一种用于预测有机小分子化合物水溶解度(logS)的经验方法XLOGS. 它本质上是一种加合模型, 采用83种原子/基团类型和3个校正因子作为模型的描述符.该方法还可以根据一个合适的参照分子的logS实验值来计算未知化合物的logS值. 我们将XLOGS模型在由4171个化合物组成的训练集上进行了参数化, 多元线性回归获得的相关系数R²和标准偏差SD分别为0.82和0.96单位. 将该训练集进一步分为仅含液体化合物和仅含固体化合物的两个子集. XLOGS模型在这两个子集上的回归结果显示前者优于后者(标准偏差分别为0.65单位和0.94单位). 还利用log1/S和logP(脂水分配系数)之间的差值来研究XLOGS方法在液体和固体化合物数据集上的表现. 研究结果表明: XLOGS等加合法模型更适合应用于这两者差值接近于0的化合物. 我们还将XLOGS和其他三种流行的logS计算模型(包括Qikprop, MOE-logS和ALOGPS)在一个含有132个类药化合物的独立测试集上进行了比较. 总体而言, 我们的研究结果为加合法模型在水溶解度预测方面的合理应用提供了指导.     

Thermodynamic Study of the Solubility of Benzocaine in some Organic and Aqueous Solvents

The thermodynamic functions free energy, enthalpy, and entropy of solution, were evaluated from solubility data of benzocaine determined at several temperatures in octanol, water, and the mutually saturated solvents, in isopropyl myristate, water, and the mutually saturated solvents, and in cyclohexane. In aqueous media the solubility was determined at pH 7.4 and ionic strength 0.15 mol-L^–1. The excess free energy and the activity coefficients of the solutes also were determined. The solubility was higher in organic media, such as octanol and isopropyl myristate, than in aqueous media and cyclohexane.     

Temperature Dependence of Solubility for Ibuprofen in Some Organic and Aqueous Solvents

The thermodynamic functions—Gibbs energy, enthalpy, and entropy of solution—were evaluated from the solubilities of ibuprofen determined at several temperatures in the pure solvents: octanol, isopropyl myristate, chloroform, cyclohexane, and water. The organic solvent-saturated aqueous media and water-saturated organic solvents were also studied, except for cyclohexane. In aqueous media, the solubility was determined at pH = 7.4 and an ionic strength 0.15 mol-L^–1 (physiological values). The excess Gibbs energy and the activity coefficients of the solutes were also determined. The solubilities are higher in organic media such as chloroform and octanol than in aqueous media and cyclohexane.