界面聚合法制备复合膜中的改性研究

介绍了复合膜的结构及性能,阐述了界面聚合法的基本原理及用该法制备复合膜的优越性;同时重点综述了国内外对复合膜的性能如通量和截留率、耐氯性、热稳定性、耐溶剂性和抗污染性的研究现状及改进方法,并对界面聚合法制备复合膜存在的问题以及研究前景进行了展望。     

等离子体聚合制备气体分离膜研究概况

本文叙述了近年来等离子体聚合技术制备气体分离膜,主要是富氧膜的研究进展。着重介绍等离子体聚合制备复合膜的类型及结构、气体透过特性、等离子体反应参数对复合膜气体透过性的影响。     

聚吡咯/聚合物固体电解质双层复合膜研究

在聚合物固体电解质（聚乙二醇不饱和聚酯网络－LiClO4)中进行吡咯聚合原位制得了聚吡咯／聚合物固体电解质双层复合膜。用扫描电镜观察复合膜的界面结构,用循环伏安和交流阻抗法研究了复合膜的电化学杂脱掺杂性能。结果表明,聚吡咯／聚合物固体电解质双层复合膜具有相互穿插渗透的固／固密接界面结构,这种界面结构改善了聚吡咯和聚俣物固体电解质间的界面接触,提高了聚吡咯在聚俣物固体电解质中的电化学掺杂脱掺杂性能。     

新型聚(酰胺-脲-酰亚胺)反渗透复合膜的稳定性

通过二次界面聚合法制备了一种新型的聚(酰胺-脲-酰亚胺)反渗透复合膜.将常规二元胺——间苯二胺(MPD)与关键功能单体5-异氰酸酯基-异肽酰氯(ICIC)通过界面聚合得到MPD-ICIC初生态基膜,再与关键功能单体N,N'-二甲基间苯二胺(DMMPD)经二次界面聚合制得聚(酰胺-脲-酰亚胺)反渗透复合膜.采用傅里叶变换红外光谱和X射线光电子能谱分析膜活性层的化学结构,评价膜的分离性能,在此基础上采用分子动力学模拟方法从微观角度分析二次聚合膜的稳定性.     

反渗透膜的研究进展

反渗透膜过滤技术是一种高效、低能和易操作的液体分离技术,比传统的水处理方法效果好,可实现海水淡化、废水的循环利用及对有用物质有效回收。本文综述了国内外反渗透膜的研究进展,介绍了膜组件的类型、制备中空纤维膜的材料以及研究机构;重点阐述了复合膜的制备方法、界面聚合制膜工艺、制备复合膜的功能单体、功能单体对反渗透膜性能的影响以及反渗透膜的改性方法。最后针对国内反渗透膜的研究现状,提出了几点建议。     

酒石酸掺杂聚苯胺纳米纤维的制备及性能研究

在酒石酸体系中研究不同合成方法、酒石酸浓度、反应温度、反应时间等因素对制备聚苯胺纳米纤维的影响,通过扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FT-IR)及紫外光谱(UV-Vis)测试技术对产物进行了表征,测定了不同方法制备产物在N-甲基吡咯烷酮中溶解性能,并采用电化学测试技术研究了产物的防腐性能。结果表明,直接混合法是一种简便高效的聚合方法,可制备高品质聚苯胺;最佳合成条件为酒石酸0.1mol/L、温度20℃、反应时间24h。直接混合法制备产物,其溶解性与缓慢滴加法产物相近,高于界面聚合法产物,为4.7g/L,防腐蚀效率优于缓慢滴加法和界面聚合法产物,达到87.79%。     

单体结构对聚酰胺类复合膜分离性能的影响

采用间苯二甲酰氯、均苯三甲酰氯、均苯四甲酰氯分别与间苯二胺、乙二胺、哌嗪在耐高温杂萘联苯聚醚砜酮(PPESK)超滤膜表面进行界面聚合,制备了7种具有不同功能层结构的新型超薄复合膜.采用红外、X射线衍射、原子力显微镜等测试手段对复合膜结构进行表征,测试了7种复合膜对0·2%的Na2SO4水溶液,0·2%NaCl水溶液的分离性能,分析了单体结构与复合膜分离性能的关系.     

载钯聚苯胺/聚砜复合膜修饰电极对甲酸的电催化氧化

采用电化学聚合法在铂电极表面制备了三维网状结构的聚苯胺(PAN)/聚砜(PSF)复合膜,并以此为载体制备了Pd/PAN/PSF复合膜电极,并用扫描电子显微镜对复合膜的微观形貌进行了表征。结果显示,此复合膜具有双层多孔结构,Pd纳米粒子在复合膜上平均粒径小、分散性好,有效地改善了Pd粒子的分散度和电极结构。电化学测试结果表明,Pd/PAN/PSF复合膜修饰电极对甲酸的电催化性能明显优于直接电沉积Pd的聚苯胺电极,并且表现出较高的稳定性。     

羧基功能化石墨烯及其壳聚糖复合膜的制备与性能

采用Hummers法制备氧化石墨,化学分散法制备羧基功能化石墨烯。采用FT-IR、XRD对产物进行表征;用静电自组装法将其与壳聚糖（CS）复合制备复合膜,对复合膜的荧光性能及其修饰玻碳电极对葡萄糖的电催化氧化还原性能进行了研究。结果表明：制备的功能化石墨烯含有羧基;壳聚糖-石墨烯复合膜具有光致发光性能;复合膜修饰玻碳电...     

铜-钯复合催化膜在甲醇脱氢制甲酸甲酯的应用

研究了常压下甲醇脱氢制甲酸甲酯的膜催化反应．采用离子交换法制备的铜复合膜在１６０～２６０℃表现出较高的反应活性，２４０℃时甲醇转化率和甲酸甲酯收率分别为５７３％和５００％，而相应固定床反应器的甲醇转化率和甲酸甲酯收率分别为４３１％和３６９％．铜钯复合膜反应器能使反应选择分离同时进行，但产物甲酸甲酯的总收率不及铜复合膜．还对铜复合膜的制备条件作了初步探讨．     

PES中空纤维复合纳滤膜的制备

采用界面聚合法制备聚醚砜（PES）中空纤维复合纳滤（NF）膜,讨论了制备条件对PES中空纤维复合NF膜性能的影响。实验结果表明,聚合反应时间、均苯三甲酰氯浓度、哌嗪浓度和酸吸收剂三乙胺浓度对复合NF膜性能有显著影响,同时二次反应能够提高复合NF膜的截留率,对2g／L的Na2SO4截留率可达到99．2％。     

The analysis of electric properties of thin film composite reverse osmosis membrane with wet impedance method

A study on the electric properties of reverse osmosis composite membrane was conducted by wet impedance method. The thin film of composite membrane was prepared by interfacial polycondensation with 1,3-phenylene diamine and 1,3,5-benzene tricarbonyl chloride. The electric resistance and capacitance of polyamide skin layer of composite membrane was analyzed by alternating current. The dielectric constant of membrane was also analyzed and compared with theoretical value. Concentration and dipping time of aqueous phase play major role in electrical properties of membrane. The effect of acid treatment on membrane properties was also investigated.     

Characterization of multilayer nanofiltration membranes using positron annihilation spectroscopy

Positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) coupled with a slow positron beam was used to characterize in situ the layer structure and depth profile of the cavity size in thin film composite (TFC) polyamide nanofiltration (NF) membranes prepared by the interfacial polymerization method. Two techniques, using PAS coupled with a slow positron beam of Doppler broadening energy spectra (DBES) and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) designed to reveal the layer structure and the cavity sizes contained in a multilayer thin film composite NF membrane, were assessed. To the best knowledge of the authors, a characterization of the depth profile of cavities in NF membranes using PAS coupled with a slow positron beam has never been reported. The membranes selected have a composite structure containing three layers: a selective polyamide layer, a transition layer, and a porous support prepared by the phase inversion technique. Furthermore, the cavity size distribution in the selective top layer plays an important role in determining the performance of the NF membranes.     

Interfacial polycondensation—Modeling of kinetics and film properties

Interfacial polycondensation (IP) is an important technique used in the encapsulation of a variety of active ingredients and synthesis of thin film composite membranes. The present work seeks to advance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the reaction, phase separation and film formation in this process, and hence, of how the film properties are influenced by preparation conditions. The model presented here incorporates all the essential physicochemical processes at a fundamental level through simple phenomenologies: ionic equilibria in the aqueous phase, resistances due to external mass transfer, diffusion through polymer film, interfacial reaction, thermodynamics of phase separation, and formation of a coherent film. The model has been tested against the data previously communicated [S.J. Wagh, Studies in interfacial polycondensation. Ph.D. Thesis. IIT Bombay, 2004; S.J. Wagh, S.S. Dhumal, A.K. Suresh, An experimental study of polyurea membrane formation by interfacial polycondensation, Journal of Membrane Science, submitted for publication] on polyurea microcapsules. The influence of the model parameters and preparation conditions, on the properties of the polymer and film and their development during reaction, have been studied. The study provides important insights into the process and should help in designing synthesis methodologies to suit the application.     

多金属氧酸盐膜材料的研究

多金属氧酸盐膜材料在发光、光致变色、磁性、电性以及催化领域中有着广阔的发展前景，是多酸化学和材料化学领域的研究热点。本文综述了近年来多金属氧酸盐膜材料的研究现状及进展，总结了多金属氧酸盐膜材料的类型、成膜方法及性质，并对未来发展方向提出了一些看法。     

Recovery of anionic surfactant by RO process. Part II. Fabrication of thin film composite membranes by interfacial reaction

A new technique has been established to fabricate thin film composite membranes, by which a hydrophilic polymer could be coated in thin film on a hydrophobic support membrane. The new technique was composed of two steps: dispersion of a reactant to the hydrophilic polymer in the hydrophobic support membrane and interfacial reaction between the reactant and the hydrophilic polymer to produce thin film of the hydrophilic polymer on the support membrane. Composite membranes in which a thin film of sodium alginate is coated on a polysulfone support membrane were prepared by the new technique for the reverse osmosis separation of anionic surfactant–water mixture. Two methods were employed to fabricate a thin film of sodium alginate on the support membrane: (1) dispersion of the crosslinking agent, CaCl₂ alone in the support membrane and (2) dispersion of CaCl₂ in the support membrane with help of PVA which adheres fast to the support membrane. The formation mechanism of the thin layer was suggested schematically on each method. Both the methods could produce successively a thin layer of SA on the support membrane. Especially, method (2) gave a strong bonding of the thin layer on the support because of the large contact area with the support through the PVA layer which sticks fast to the SA layer. From the SEM pictures and permeation experiments, the method (2) was confirmed to be better to produce a defect-free thin film of SA on the support membrane.     

多金属氧酸盐膜材料的研究

多金属氧酸盐膜材料在发光、光致变色、磁性、电性以及催化领域中有着广阔的发展前景,是多酸化学和材料化学领域的研究热点。本文综述了近年来多金属氧酸盐膜材料的研究现状及进展,总结了多金属氧酸盐膜材料的类型、成膜方法及性质,并对未来发展方向提出了一些看法。     

金属有机骨架材料在气体分离膜中的应用

金属有机骨架(Metal organic frameworks,MOF)是一种新型材料,有着比表面积高、孔径可调等优点,以此为基础制备MOF膜克服了 MOF材料界面相容性和热稳定性差的缺点,在气体分离领域具有良好的应用前景.本文介绍了 MOF膜的功能层应用、物理共混、界面聚合以及接枝改性;简述了每种方法对不同气体分离性...     

界面聚合法制备聚哌嗪酰胺复合纳滤膜

以聚醚砜超滤膜为基膜,哌嗪(PIP)为水相单体,均苯三甲酰氯(TMC)为有机相单体,采用界面聚合法制备了复合纳滤膜,扫描电镜、表层的红外分析结果表明在基膜表面聚合了一层聚酰胺膜,膜性能测定结果表明膜表面荷负电,对不同无机盐的截留率为Na2SO4MgSO4MgCl2NaCl。界面聚合条件对膜性能的影响表明,最佳聚合条件为:PIP浓度0.5%～2%,TMC浓度0.15wt%～0.75wt%,聚合时间≥1min,热处理温度60℃～80℃,时间15 min左右。