水热法合成掺杂铁离子的小管径TiO2纳米管

碳纳米管这种一维结构的新材料的发现为物理、化学、材料科学和纳米科学开辟了全新的研究领域.近年来,非碳无机类富勒烯(Inorganic Fullerenelike,简称IF)纳米管也受到人们的广泛关注.     

富勒烯和碳纳米管稳定性与形成机理的图形理论定性研究

应用图形理论对不同种类碳簇体系的Kekulé结构数进行了计算, 并在半经验方法(AM1)和密度泛函理论(DFT)水平上，讨论了不同种类碳簇的结构与稳定性. 基于Kekulé结构计数, C-Cσ键数, 富勒烯的表面曲率和能量, 对石墨碎片的卷曲行为以及富勒烯的形成机理进行了讨论. 研究结果表明石墨碎片的卷曲, 一端闭合, 到完全封闭, 可以减少结构中的悬键; 随着新的C-Cσ键生成, Kekulé结构数将急剧地增加, 特别是大的富勒烯和碳纳米管, 这种增加更为显著. 大量Kekulé结构间的共振使体系获得显著的共振稳定化能, 稳定具有张力的富勒烯和碳纳米管, 并驱动平面碳簇结构向闭合结构的转化. 对于Kekulé结构数相近的碳笼, 表面曲率对曲面结构的稳定性有重要的影响. 把Kekulé结构计数和表面曲率结合起来, 可以合理地理解球形笼状富勒烯、闭合纳米管和类“洋葱”型结构等高碳簇在热力学上的稳定性.     

碳纳米材料在修饰电极领域的应用

碳纳米材料具有良好的力学、电学及化学性能等特点,被人们广泛研究,特别是具有大比表面积、高的电导率和良好生物相容性的碳纳米管和石墨烯更是研究的热点,在电化学领域显示出独特的优势.采用碳纳米材料修饰的电极具有高灵敏度、高选择性及优良的媒介作用.主要阐述了碳纳米材料在修饰电极领域中的应用,从功能及应用上重点探讨了近年来碳纳米管、石墨烯、富勒烯、纳米金刚石等碳纳米材料在修饰电极领域的研究进展.     

我国C60和碳纳米管的研究进展

自从Ｃ６０富勒烯、碳主管被发现和大量制备以来的十几年,由于其独特的分子结构和化学、物理性质,使它们成为目前研究的热点。在这十几年里,我国在这些方面的研究取得了些重要的研究成果。本文从我国在富勒烯的制备和分离,理论,富勒烯的化学修饰,富勒烯在电、磁、光材料中的应用,富勒烯金属包合物的研究以及碳纳米管的研究等方面进行了回顾。     

新型碳纳米材料在低温燃料电池催化剂中的应用

 碳纳米管及其衍生纳米碳材料是一种介于富勒烯与石墨之间的碳的存在形式,具有独特的电子性质. 碳纳米材料可与其表面负载的金属活性相产生一种特殊的载体-金属相互作用; 纳米管中电子转移的动力学行为极佳,并且其特殊的纳米级孔道结构有利于反应物及产物的传质,因此作为低温燃料电池催化剂载体备受关注. 综述了多种新型碳纳米材料如碳纳米管、碳纳米纤维、碳纳米盘、碳纳米角和碳纳米分子筛等在低温燃料电池催化剂中的应用,并对其存在的问题和可能的发展方向进行了讨论.     

碳包覆纳米金属颗粒的合成研究进展

碳包覆纳米金属颗粒是继富勒烯和碳纳米管之后的又一新型纳米碳材料,在许多领域具有广泛应用前景。本文综述了碳包覆纳米金属颗粒的合成方法,包括：电弧放电法、化学气相沉积法、热解法、液相浸渍炭化法和炭凝胶爆炸法等,简述了形成机理,总结了各自的优缺点,并指出将来的发展方向。     

功能纳米碳点“照亮”应用征途

<正>近30余年来,世界各国的科学家致力于创制全新的不同维数碳同素异形体,纳米碳材料的家族成员得以持续不断增加,引领和开创了众多全新的科技领域。1985年,英国Harold Kroto和美国Robert Curl及Richard Smalley三位教授在莱斯大学制备出由60个碳原子组成的簇状分子C_(60)~1,开辟了零维纳米碳材料-富勒烯的新领域,荣获了1996年度诺贝尔化学奖。1991年,日本筑波NEC实验室的Iijima博士发现了一维纳米碳材料-碳纳米管~2;碳纳米管具有碳六边形组成的蜂窝状结构组     

基于上转换发光的碳量子点制备及应用研究

碳量子点具有易制备、低毒性、化学惰性高、荧光特性稳定等特点,和其他碳纳米材料(如富勒烯、碳纳米管和石墨烯等)一样引起了研究者的广泛关注。本文将从碳量子点的合成、特性、改性和应用等方面进行阐述,并对其受长波长光激发后可发出短波长光的这一上转换发光特性进行重点综述,为今后碳量子点的合成、改性以及应用提供一定的参考。     

水热法合成掺杂铁离子的小管径TiO_2纳米管

碳纳米管这种一维结构的新材料的发现为物理、化学、材料科学和纳米科学开辟了全新的研究领域。近年来,非碳无机类富勒烯(InorganicFullerene-like,简称IF)纳米管也受到人们的广泛关注。迄今为止报道的无机类富勒烯纳米管主要有:过渡金属硫化物(MS2,M=W,Mo,Nb)犤1～3犦、V2O5犤4犦、Al2O3犤5犦纳米管等。其中金属氧化物纳米管在催化、吸附、单电子晶体管等方面有着潜在的应用前景。TiO2纳米粉体和纳米膜材料在太阳能的存储与利用、光电转换、光致变色及光催化降解大气和水中的污染物等方面具有广泛的应用。为了提高其光催化活性和对…     

少层石墨双炔薄膜的液相范德华外延生长法

<正>新型低维碳材料的探索与制备是纳米碳材料领域的重要挑战。石墨炔(Graphyne)是一种二维(2D)碳的同素异形体材料1,由sp和sp2两种杂化态的碳原子共同构成,在二维平面内具有均一分布的孔洞结构,因此具有与富勒烯(0D),碳纳米管(1D)和石墨烯(2D)完全不同的电子结构和骨架结     

(Ce0.9Nd0.1)1-xMoxO2-δ(0.00≤x≤0.10)的合成、表征与电性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成(Ce0.9Nd0.1)1-xMoxO2-δ(x=0.00、0.02、0.05、0.10)氧化物,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)等手段对氧化物进行结构表征,交流阻抗谱测试电性能.结果表明:所有样品均为单一萤石立方结构;少量MoO3的加入提高了材料的致密性,降低了材料的总电阻、晶界电阻和晶界电阻在总电阻中所占比例,提高了材料的电导率.1200 ℃烧结样品24 h,测试温度700℃时,(Ce0.9Nd0.1)1-xMoxO2-δ(x=O.00)总电导率和晶界电导率分别为0.05和O.19 S·m-1,掺Mo材料(Ce0.9Nd0.1)1-xMoxO2(x=0.02)的总电导率和晶界电导率分别为2.42和3.96 S·m-1.     

水热法合成Bi2S3纳米管及其生长机理

以硝酸铋[Bi(NO)3]和硫化钠(Na2S)为反应原料, 采用水热法在120 ℃下反应12 h, 制备出Bi2S3纳米管. 利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、选区电子衍射(SAED)和高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)对其结构和形貌进行了表征. 结果表明, 所制备的产物是结晶良好的正交相Bi2S3纳米管, 其外径为100~500 nm, 内径为50~200 nm, 长为1~5 μm. 根据实验结果讨论了Bi2S3纳米管的生长机理. 初步研究了反应温度和矿化剂种类对产物形貌和结构的影响.     

(Ce0.9Nd0.1)1-xMoxO2-δ (0.00≤x≤0.10)的合成、表征与电性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成(Ce0.9Nd0.1)1-xMoxO2-δ(x=0.00、0.02、0.05、0.10)氧化物, 通过X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)等手段对氧化物进行结构表征, 交流阻抗谱测试电性能. 结果表明: 所有样品均为单一萤石立方结构; 少量MoO3的加入提高了材料的致密性, 降低了材料的总电阻、晶界电阻和晶界电阻在总电阻中所占比例, 提高了材料的电导率. 1200 ℃烧结样品24 h, 测试温度700 ℃时, (Ce0.9Nd0.1)1-xMoxO2-δ(x=0.00)总电导率和晶界电导率分别为0.05和0.19 S·m-1, 掺Mo材料(Ce0.9Nd0.1)1-xMoxO2-δ(x=0.02)的总电导率和晶界电导率分别为2.42 和3.96 S·m-1.     

Preparation and properties of the full series of cuboidal clusters [Mo(x)W4-xSe4(H2O)12]n+ (n = 4-6) and their derivatives

Hydrothermal reactions between incomplete cuboidal cluster aqua complexes [M3Q4(H2O)9]4+ and M(CO)6 (M = Mo, W; Q = S, Se) offer easy access to the corresponding cuboidal clusters M4Q4. The complete series of homometal and mixed Mo/W clusters [Mo(x)W4-xQ4(H2O)12]n+ (x = 0-4, n = 4-6) has been prepared. Upon oxidation of the mixed-metal clusters, it is the W atom which is lost, allowing selective preparation of new trinuclear clusters [Mo2WSe4(H2O)9]4+ and [MoW2Se4(H2O)9]4+. The aqua complexes were converted by ligand exchange reactions into dithiophosphato and thiocyanato complexes, and crystal structures of [W4S4((EtO)2PS2)6], [MoW3S4((EtO)2PS2)6], [Mo4Se4((EtO)2PS2)6], [W4Se4((i-PrO)2PS2)6], and (NH4)6[W4Se4(NCS)12]-4H20 were determined. Cyclic voltammetry was performed on [Mo(x)W4-xCO4(H2O)12]n+, showing reversible redox waves 6+/5+ and 5+/4+. The lower oxidation states are more difficult to access as the number of W atoms increases. The [Mo2WSe4(H2O)9]4+ and [MoW2Se4(H2O)9]4+ species were derivatized into [Mo2WSe4(acac)3(py)3]+ and [MoW2Se4(acac)3(py)3]+, which were also studied by CV. When appropriate, the products were also characterized by FAB-MS and NMR (31P, 1H) data.     

Monoanionic molybdenum and tungsten tris(dithiolene) complexes: a multifrequency EPR study

Numerous Mo and W tris(dithiolene) complexes in varying redox states have been prepared and representative examples characterized crystallographically: [M(S(2)C(2)R(2))(3)](z) [M = Mo, R = Ph, z = 0 (1) or 1- (2); M = W, R = Ph, z = 0 (4) or 1- (5); R = CN, z = 2-, M = Mo (3) or W (6)]. Changes in dithiolene C-S and C-C bond lengths for 1 versus 2 and 4 versus 5 are indicative of ligand reduction. Trigonal twist angles (Θ) and dithiolene fold angles (α) increase and decrease, respectively, for 2 versus 1, 5 versus 4. Cyclic voltammetry reveals generally two reversible couples corresponding to 0/1- and 1-/2- reductions. The electronic structures of monoanionic molybdenum tris(dithiolene) complexes have been analyzed by multifrequency (S-, X-, Q-band) EPR spectroscopy. Spin-Hamiltonian parameters afforded by spectral simulation for each complex demonstrate the existence of two distinctive electronic structure types. The first is [Mo(IV)((A)L(3)(5-?))](1-) ((A)L = olefinic dithiolene, type A), which has the unpaired electron restricted to the tris(dithiolene) unit and is characterized by isotropic g-values and small molybdenum superhyperfine coupling. The second is formulated as [Mo(V)((B)L(3)(6-))](1-) ((B)L = aromatic dithiolene, type B) with spectra distinguished by a prominent g-anisotropy and hyperfine coupling consistent with the (d(z(2)))(1) paramagnet. The electronic structure disparity is also manifested in their electronic absorption spectra. The compound [W(bdt)(3)](1-) exhibits spin-Hamiltonian parameters similar to those of [Mo(bdt)(3)](1-) and thus is formulated as [W(V)((B)L(3)(6-))](1-). The EPR spectra of [W((A)L(3))](1-) display spin-Hamiltonian parameters that suggest their electronic structure is best represented by two resonance forms {[W(IV)((A)L(3)(5-?))](1-) ? [W(V)((A)L(3)(6-))](1-)}. The contrast with the corresponding [Mo(IV)((A)L(3)(5-?))](1-) complexes highlights tungsten's preference for higher oxidation states.     

CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF [Bu4N]2[M2Ag3（ μ3—S）2（μ—S）4S2Et2dtc]（M=W,Mo）

<正> The title compounds were prepared from the reation of (NH4)2MS4 (M=W,Mo),AgNO3,NadtcEt2 and Et4NBr in CH3CN-H2O solution. The isomorphous compounds [Bu4N]2[W2Ag3S8Et2du] ( I ) and [Bu4N]2[Mo2Ag3S8Et2dtc] (Ⅱ) crystallize in triclinic space qroup Pi with the following crystal parameters:α=13. 043(4),b = 21. 640(6),c=10. 757(6)A ,α=95. 09(5),β = 91. 90(4),γ = 98. 57(3)°,Z = 2,V = 2987A3,Dc=1. 76g/cm3 for I 5;a= 12. 989(2) ,b=21. 574 (9) ,c= 10. 7/1(1) A .α= 95. 06(7), β=91. 61(4), γ=98. 52(2)°, Z = 2,V = 2961 A3.Dc= 1. 58g/cm3 for Ⅱ . The final R and Rw values are 0. 061 and 0. 072 for Ⅰ ,and 0. 062 and 0. 076 for Ⅱ The M2Ag3 (M = W, Mo) unit in anion M2Ag3S8Et2dtc forms a five-membered ring.     

A series of novel Mo(W)/Cu/S heterobimetallic clusters containing SBu(t-) linkages. Synthesis, structure and spectroscopic characterisation

Six new copper(I) clusters, [Et4N]2[(MOS3)2Cu4(mu-SBu(t))2](1a: M = Mo; 1b: M = W), [Et4N][(MOS3)2Cu6(mu-SBu(t))3](2a: M = Mo; 2b: M = W) and [Bu4N]2[(MOS3)3Cu9(mu-SBu(t))3(mu3-SBu(t))][I](3a: M = Mo; 3b: M = W) have been prepared by the reactions of thiomolybdates and thiotungstates with CuSBu(t) under various conditions. The [(MOS3)2Cu4(mu-SBu(t))2](2-) dianions in 1a and 1b represent the first examples of double butterfly-shaped Mo(W)/Cu/S clusters. Addition of more Cu atoms to 1a or 1b resulted in the formation of incomplete double cubane-like clusters 2a or 2b. Single crystal structural studies showed that the anions of 2a and 2b are formed in a mouth-to-mouth fashion by two incomplete cubanes [MOS3Cu3](M = Mo, W) with three mu-SBu(t-) linkages. In the molecular structure of 3b, the SBu(t-) ligands act as mu- and mu3-bridges which link three WOS3Cu3 incomplete cubane-like fragments. An iodide ion crystallises in the cavity defined by the three incomplete cubanes in 3b. The spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of all the clusters are also studied.     

Synthesis, structure and redox properties of bis(cyclopentadienyl)dithiolene complexes of molybdenum and tungsten

The compounds [Cp(2)M(S(2)C(2)(H)R)] (M = Mo or W; R = phenyl, pyridin-2-yl, pyridin-3-yl, pyridin-4-yl or quinoxalin-2-yl) and [Cp(2)Mo(S(2)C(2)(Me)(pyridin-2-yl)] have been prepared by a facile and general route for the synthesis of dithiolene complexes, viz. the reaction of [Cp(2)MCl(2)] (M = Mo or W) with the dithiolene pro-ligand generated by reacting the corresponding 4-(R)-1,3-dithiol-2-one with CsOH. These Mo compounds were reported previously (Hsu et al., Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 4743); however, the preparative method employed herein is more versatile and generates the compounds in good yield and all of the W compounds are new. Electrochemical investigations have shown that each compound undergoes a diffusion controlled one-electron oxidation (OX(I)) and a one-electron reduction (RED(I)) process; each redox change occurs at a more positive potential for a Mo compound than for its W counterpart. The mono-cations generated by chemical or electrochemical oxidation are stable and the structures of both components of the [Cp(2)Mo(S(2)C(2)(H)R)](+)/[Cp(2)Mo(S(2)C(2)(H)R)] (R = Ph or pyridin-3-yl) redox couples have been determined by X-ray crystallography. For each redox related pair, the changes in the Mo-S, S-C and C-C bond lengths of the {MoSCCS} moiety are generally consistent with OX(I) involving the loss of an electron from a π-orbital that is Mo-S and C-S antibonding and C-C bonding in character. These results have been interpreted successfully within the framework provided by DFT calculations accomplished for [Cp(2)M(S(2)C(2)(H)Ph)](n) (M = Mo or W; n = +1, 0 or -1). The HOMO of the neutral compounds is derived mainly from the dithiolene π(3) orbital (65%); therefore, OX(I) is essentially a dithiolene-based process. The similarity of the potentials for OX(I) (ca. 30 mV) for analogous Mo and W compounds is consistent with this interpretation and the EPR spectra of each of the Mo cations show that the unpaired electron is coupled to the dithiolene proton but relatively weakly to (95,97)Mo. The DFT calculations indicate that the unpaired electron is more localised on the metal in the mono-anions than in the mono-cations. In agreement with this, the EPR spectrum of each of the Mo-containing mono-anions manifests a larger (95,97)Mo coupling (A(iso)) than observed for the corresponding mono-cation and RED(I) for a W compound is significantly (ca. 300 mV) more negative than that of its Mo counterpart. [Cp(2)W(S(2)C(2)(H)(quinoxalin-2-yl))] is anomalous; RED(I) occurs at a potential ca. 230 mV more positive than expected from that of its Mo counterpart and the EPR spectrum of the mono-anion is typical of an organic radical. DFT calculations indicate that these properties arise because the electron is added to a quinoxalin-2-yl π-orbital.     

新型电解质材料CaZr_(0.1)Ti_(0.9)O_3的制备与电性能

采用溶胶-燃烧法合成了可用于固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)的新型固体电解质材料CaZr_(0.1)Ti_(0.9)O_3.通过XRD、交流复阻抗等电化学方法对样品的结构、电导性能进行了表征,并考察了材料的烧结性能. 结果表明,溶胶-燃烧法可以成功制备出具有良好烧结性能的CaZr_(0.1)Ti_(0.9)O_3电解质粉末,1 400 ℃下得到的烧结体的相对密度可达到95%. 电性能测试表明,CaZr_(0.1)Ti_(0.9)O_3烧结体在中温范围内具有较高的氧离子电导率(σ_(800 ℃)＝2.24×10~(-3)S/cm)、低的电导活化能(0.89 eV).     

Low coordinate, monomeric molybdenum and tungsten(III) complexes: structure, reactivity and calculational studies of (silox)3Mo and (silox)3ML (M = Mo, W; L = PMe3, CO; silox = (t)Bu3SiO)

Treatment of (silox)3MCl (M = Mo, 1-Cl; W, 2-Cl; silox = (t)Bu3SiO) with PMe3 and Na/Hg led to formation of monomeric, d(3) phosphine adducts, (silox)3MPMe3 (M = Mo, 1-PMe3; W, 2-PMe3) via (silox)3ClMPMe3 (M = Mo, 1-ClPMe3; W, 2-ClPMe3). Structural studies show 1-PMe3 and 2-PMe3 to be highly distorted; calculations on full chemical models corroborate experimentally determined S = 1/2 ground states and their structural features. The compounds contain a bent M-P bond that is characteristic of significant sigma/pi-mixing. PMe3 may be thermally removed from 1-PMe3 in vacuo to produce (4)A2' (silox) 3Mo (1), which was derivatized with CO, NO, and 1/4 P4 to form (silox)3Mo (1-CO), (silox)3MoNO (1-NO), and (silox)3MoP (1-P), respectively. Calculations revealed (silox)3W (2') to have an S = 1/2 ground state, which may render it too reactive to be isolated. Treatment of 2-PMe3 with CO, NO, and 1/4 P4 formed (silox)3WCO (2-CO), (silox)3WNO (2-NO), and (silox)3WP (2-P), respectively. 2-CO and 2-NO are more conveniently prepared from Na/Hg reductions of 2-Cl in the presence of CO and NO, respectively. Calculations reveal subtle effects of nd(z2)/(n+1)s mixing in differentiating the chemistry of Mo and W and in rationalizing the generation of mononuclear species.