农产品质量检验机构仪器设备规范化管理的探索

本文从农产品质量检验机构的特点与计量认证的要求出发,结合笔者所在农产品质量检验机构仪器设备管理工作上的实践经验,从仪器设备采购管理、资产管理、计量管理、运行管理、人员管理等方面着手,进行规范化管理模式的阐述与探讨.     

大型仪器公共技术服务中心管理经验介绍

结合中国科学院长春应用化学研究所公共技术服务中心建设情况,从运行管理模式、大型仪器设备共享措施、科技支撑队伍建设等方面介绍了中心如何推动大型仪器设备开放共享工作.     

提高大型仪器设备使用效益的探索

结合大型精密仪器设备使用管理的实践，提出了提高大型仪器设备使用效益的几点措施.     

基础化学实验室中小型仪器设备的三种管理模式

针对基础化学实验室中小型仪器设备种类多、数量多、品牌复杂、管理难度大的特点,提出了三种管理模式,即全程化管理、分类管理和互联网+辅助管理。近年的实验室管理实践表明,这三种管理模式的有机结合和融合应用,使中小型仪器设备的管理趋于科学、规范、高效,显著提高了仪器设备的使用率和完好率,从而保障了基础化学实验教学的顺利运行和教学质量的提高。     

二级学院大型仪器管理探索与实践

各国家重点实验室及高校的校级公共测试中心的大型仪器管理已经发展的较为成熟,但是二级学院的大型仪器设备管理还有待加强.就二级学院大型仪器的科学管理进行了探索与实践,旨在提高其利用率和共享性,充分发挥大型仪器的使用效益.     

计算机在医院药库的管理应用

介绍了通过计算机网络管理，使医院药库管理系统化、规范化、科学化的经验。     

仪器设备档案管理

介绍仪器设备档案包含的内容、产生的阶段及组卷编目的方法,对如何按照《检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求》(GB/T 15481-2000)做好仪器设备档案的标准化、规范化、科学化管理进行探讨。     

加强管理, 提高大型精密仪器设备利用率

武汉化工学院是中南地区唯一的一所化工类学科较齐全的院校。学院对服务于教学和科研的仪器设备工作十分重视,多方筹措资金,加大对教学仪器设备的经费投入。其中大型仪器设备占有一定的比例。截止１９９８年１２月３１日,学院拥有单台价格５万元以上的仪器设备７１台,总价值７９３万元。这些仪器设备为提高学院教学科研总体水平,促进学科发展发挥了重要作用。大型精密贵重仪器是学院的重要资源。管理得好,会产生较大的效益。管理得不好,仪器可能长期闲置,得不到应用或者在低效率、低水平下应用,会使有限的资源造成较大的浪费。总体…     

理化分析测试实验室仪器设备的管理

仪器设备是实验室的重要资产,仪器设备管理是实验室正常运行的重要组成部分。从仪器设备的管理架构以及仪器设备的采购、验收、量值溯源、维护维修、报废等方面讨论了理化分析测试实验室仪器设备管理工作的重点和注意事项。     

中日合作废气处理项目分析实验室管理的几点经验

为顺利开展中日合作废气处理项目，中国石油化工股份有限公司环境监测总站建立了废气分析实验室，并完善了质量控制、质量保证体系，这些管理体系包括实验室物资设备的管理，实验室环境，质量保证体系，废气样品采集及实验室分析手段等。为废气处理项目的实施提供了有力的技术支持，并实现了实验室管理的科学化、标准化、规范化。     

New study of the stability and of the spectroscopy of the molecular anions NCO- and CNO-

Using highly correlated wave functions, the ground and the low lying excited states of the molecular NCO(-) and CNO(-) anions have been reinvestigated. The stability of the electronic ground state of the two isomers with respect to dissociation and to electron detachment has been checked along the isomerization pathway. The regions of stability of the excited electronic states have been analyzed and identified and it is shown that only the ground state is stable and the corresponding potential energy surface presents three equilibrium positions. The rovibronic spectroscopy of the X (1)Σ(+) state of both NCO(-) and CNO(-) isomers has been determined by a variational approach leading to remarkable agreement with experimental data.     

The energy pump and the origin of the non-equilibrium flux of the dynamical systems and the networks

The global stability of dynamical systems and networks is still challenging to study. We developed a landscape and flux framework to explore the global stability. The potential landscape is directly linked to the steady state probability distribution of the non-equilibrium dynamical systems which can be used to study the global stability. The steady state probability flux together with the landscape gradient determines the dynamics of the system. The non-zero probability flux implies the breaking down of the detailed balance which is a quantitative signature of the systems being in non-equilibrium states. We investigated the dynamics of several systems from monostability to limit cycle and explored the microscopic origin of the probability flux. We discovered that the origin of the probability flux is due to the non-equilibrium conditions on the concentrations resulting energy input acting like non-equilibrium pump or battery to the system. Another interesting behavior we uncovered is that the probabilistic flux is closely related to the steady state deterministic chemical flux. For the monostable model of the kinetic cycle, the analytical expression of the probabilistic flux is directly related to the deterministic flux, and the later is directly generated by the chemical potential difference from the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis. For the limit cycle of the reversible Schnakenberg model, we also show that the probabilistic flux is correlated to the chemical driving force, as well as the deterministic effective flux. Furthermore, we study the phase coherence of the stochastic oscillation against the energy pump, and argue that larger non-equilibrium pump results faster flux and higher coherence. This leads to higher robustness of the biological oscillations. We also uncovered how fluctuations influence the coherence of the oscillations in two steps: (1) The mild fluctuations influence the coherence of the system mainly through the probability flux while maintaining the regular landscape topography. (2) The larger fluctuations lead to flat landscape and the complete loss of the stability of the whole system.     

Analysis and assessment of the occurrence, the fate and the behavior of nanomaterials in the environment

Nanomaterials have one dimension <100 nm and possess physico-chemical properties dictated by their unusually small size, large surface area, shape and chemical composition. New properties of nanomaterials have boosted their production and industrial applications in many fields (e.g., microelectronics, catalysis, fuel cells, materials science, textiles, biotechnology and medicine). In biomedical fields, nanomaterials are of the appropriate dimensions to interact with biological matter. However, they may also have negative effects on biological systems. Nanotechnology is a major, innovative, scientific and economic growth area, but the increasing production and use of nanomaterials have led to calls for more information regarding the potential impacts that their release may have on human health and the environment.This review addresses analytical approaches for characterization and quantification of nanomaterials in the environment and recent studies on their occurrence, fate and behavior.     

Isolation and identification of the anti-isohumulones and the anti-acetylhumulinic acids

The anti-isohumulones [5-(3-methylbutanoyl)-2-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-4-hydroxy-4-(4-methylpent-3-enoyl)-cyclopentane-1,3-diones] and the anti-acetylhumulinic acids [5-(3-methylbutanoyl)-2-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-4-ethanoyl-4-hydroxy-cyclopentane 1,3-diones] have been isolated from an isomerisation reaction mixture of humulone [2-(3-methylbutanoyl)-4,6-di(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-6-hydroxy-cyclohexane-l,3,5-trione] by counter-current distribution and identified by spectroscopic techniques. The formation mechanism is presented and the stereochemical consequences are discussed. The anti-isohumulones are the most bitter hop compounds presently known.     

Influence of the molecular structure and the nature of the solvent on the absorption and fluorescence characteristics of rhodamines

A study of the equilibrium of the molecular forms of rhodamine 19 in aqueous and ethanolic solution is carried out by determining the absorption and fluorescence characteristics of the zwitterionic and the cationic forms of the dye. The optical properties of rhodamine 19 are compared with those obtained for rhodamine 6G and also with those previously reported for rhodamine 3B and for the molecular forms of rhodamine B in water and ethanol. Different aspects of the molecular structure of the rhodamines and solvent effects are discussed, as well as their influence on the photophysical properties of the rhodamines. The aggregation of the molecular forms of rhodamine 19 is also studied in water and ethanol.     

Synthesis and pharmacological effects of the enantiomers of the N-phenethyl analogues of the ortho and para e- and f-oxide-bridged phenylmorphans

The N-phenethyl analogues of (1R*,4aR*,9aS*)-2-phenethyl-1,3,4,9a-tetrahydro-2H-1,4a-propanobenzofuro[2,3-c]pyridin-6-ol and 8-ol and (1R*,4aR*,9aR*)-2-phenethyl-1,3,4,9a-tetrahydro-2H-1,4a-propanobenzofuro[2.3-c]pyridin-6-ol and 8-ol, the ortho- (43) and para-hydroxy e- (20), and f-oxide-bridged 5-phenylmorphans (53 and 26) were prepared in racemic and enantiomerically pure forms from a common precursor, the quaternary salt 12. Optical resolutions were accomplished by salt formation with suitable enantiomerically pure chiral acids or by preparative HPLC on a chiral support. The N-phenethyl (-)- para-e enantiomer (1S,4aS,9aR-(-)-20) was found to be a mu-opioid agonist with morphine-like antinociceptive activity in a mouse assay. In contrast, the N-phenethyl (-)-ortho-f enantiomer (1R,4aR,9aR-(-)-53) had good affinity for the mu-opioid receptor (K(i) = 7 nM) and was found to be a mu-antagonist both in the [(35)S]GTP-gamma-S assay and in vivo. The molecular structures of these rigid enantiomers were energy minimized with density functional theory at the level B3LYP/6-31G* level, and then overlaid on a known potent mu-agonist. This superposition study suggests that the agonist activity of the oxide-bridged 5-phenylmorphans can be attributed to formation of a seven membered ring that is hypothesized to facilitate a proton transfer from the protonated nitrogen to a proton acceptor in the mu-opioid receptor.     

Phospholipid and fatty acid compositions of the lipids of the eggs and caterpillars of the silkworm,and of artificial diets and their components

The lipids of silkworm eggs in the period of diapause and embryonic and postembryonic development, of artificial feeds, and of the main lipid-containing components of artificial nutrient media have been investigated.     

Phospholipid and fatty acid compositions of the lipids of the eggs and caterpillars of the silkworm, and of artificial diets and their components

The lipids of silkworm eggs in the period of diapause and embryonic and postembryonic development, of artificial feeds, and of the main lipid-containing components of artificial nutrient media have been investigated.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 192–197, March–April, 1994.