Surface Modification of Nanometer Silica by N, N''''-dicyclohexyl- carbodiimide Mediated Amidation

Nanometer silica has gained ever more attention for its superior properties over conventional micrometer particles and has been widely used as a filler in the manufacture of paints, rubber, plastics and so on1. However it is difficult to get silica mono- dispersed in the matrix due to heavy agglomeration. Surface modification through organic reactions is an efficient way to improve the dispersibility and compatibility with the matrix, thus improving the mechanical properties of the composite…     

First Synthesis of 2a-Thiol Ether Analog of Docetaxel

The chemistry of anticancer drug paclitaxel (=Taxol, 1a) has been extensively explored in recent years. A variety of its analogs with modified taxane frame work or substitutions to its core structure, as well as C-13 substituted isoserine side chains have been synthesized and biologically evaluated1. The marketing of docetaxel (=Taxotere, 1b) is one of the fruitful results from these research efforts. The beginning of clinical trial for analog 2 developed by Indena is the new example. Ba…     

Polyethylene Glycol as Support and Phase Transfer Catalyst in Aqueous Palladium-catalyzed Liquid-phase Synthesis

Recently, the liquid-phase synthesis of small organic compounds has been a preferable strategy due to its combination with the advantage of solution-phase and solid-phase methods1. Among the various soluble polymers, polyethylene glycol (PEG) is the most useful as support. It has been reported that PEG bound substrates could also play the role of phase-transfer catalyst (PTC) in some reactions2. Herein we reported that palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions could be taken place smoothly…     

Monitoring the Aggregation of Dansyl Chloride in Acetone through Fluorescence Measurements

The aggregation of dansyl chloride (DNS-Cl) in acetone has been studied in detail by steady-state fluorescence techniques.It has been demonstrated that DNS-Cl is stable in acetone during purification and aggregation study processes.The aggregates are not solvolyzed in acetone,and do not take part n any chemical reactions either.It has been found that DNS-Cl tends to aggregate even when its concentration is much lower than its solubility in acetone.The aggregation is reversible,and both the aggregation and the deaggregation are very slow processes.Introduction of SDS has a positive effect upon the formation and stabilization of the aggregates.     

MgAl2O4尖晶石的合成及作为甲烷部分氧化反应的良好催化剂载体

γ-Al2O3 has been intensively studied as a catalyst support in alkane conversion due to its large surface area. However, it is susceptible to crystal phase transition and favors catalyst sintering while the operaing temperature is higher than 700℃. Therefore, its application in industrial reactions is limited.     

The Magnetic Field Effect on the Polymerization of Styrene in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

Over the past decade there has been a growing interest in using supercritical fluids (SCFs) to promote reactions and to replace hazardous solvents with environmentally benign solvents, such as supercritical CO2 and H2O. Many reactions in SCFs have been studied1, including polymerization in scCO22. It is known that a small change in the pressure near critical point of a fluid causes a significant change in density-dependent properties such as the solubility parameter, viscosity, and dielect…     

Preconcentration by Using Microcrystalline Phenolphthalein for Determining Trace Molybdenum （Ⅵ） in Water by GFAAS

Molybdenum（ Ⅵ ） is a biologically essential trace element and its role in an extremely wide variety of systems has been reported. Most common methods often fail to determine trace Mo （ Ⅵ ） in the analysis of molybdenum-containing samples, due to limitations such as inadequate detection limits and matrix interference, which make the direct determinations impossible. To solve this problem, various approaches are employed to concentrate and separate Mo（ Ⅵ ） to detectable levels. Concentration and separation methods play a main role in the analysis of trace Mo（Ⅵ）. Therefore, many separation and preconcentration procedures have been developed for the determination of Mo （ Ⅵ ）.     

Amino Acids Catalyzed Direct Aldol Reactions in Aqueous Micelles

Since the discovery of its roles as a good small-organic-molecule catalyst in intramolecular aldol reactions, pro line has drawn considerable attention in synthetic chemistry due to its similarity to the type-Ⅰ aldolases. Recently,List and others have reported some new direct asymmetric intermolecular reactions catalyzed by proline, including aldol, Mannich, Michael, and other analogous reactions. Except for two recent examples, [1,2] proline catalyzed aldol reactions in aqueous micelles have not been reported, nor have other amino acids as organocatalysts in directly catalyzing aldol reaction been reported. Herein we wish to present our recent results regarding environmentally be nign direct aldol reactions catalyzed by amino acids including proline, histidine and arginine in aqueous media.     

Both self-assembly and aggregation-induced emission are photoswitchable

正As a classical photochromic candidate, bisthienylethene(BTE) is a thermally irreversible photochromic compound and its photochromic behavior was firstly reported in 1988.Due to its thermal irreversibility and high fatigue resistance,its application has been widely studied for opto-electrical devices such as memories and switches. In general, the modification of fluorophore to the side of BTE is a simple method for constructing fluorescent photoswitches. Its     

Reaction of Metallocenyl η2-Diyne with Co2(CO)8 and RuCo2(CO)11

Alkyne and alkynyl species bearing a C = C functional group belong to a class of surface species which may play a pivotal role in various catalytic reaction such as CO hydrogenation, and the coordination chemistry of the corresponding ligands has been studied extensively. The interaction of alkynyl compounds with dinuclear species leading to adducts with a tetrahedral C2M2core has been recognized as one of the classical reactions in the field of organometallic chemistry.     

应用先进光谱技术研究无机离子的环境界面化学

发生在环境界面的吸附-解吸和氧化-还原等反应对于污染物在环境介质间传输、转化以及归趋起着重要的调控作用。传统的研究方法虽然可以在实验室模拟并进而描述污染物环境界面过程,但是不能揭示界面反应机制,限制了对污染物环境界面行为的认识。近二十年来,各种谱学技术(例如X射线吸收精细结构和傅里叶红外光谱等)应用于环境界面反应的研究,推动了这一领域研究的发展,特别是在分子水平研究污染物的环境界面过程。通过现代光/波谱技术原位分析,可以实时获取界面反应的定量与结构信息,从而更准确地判断反应机制,极大促进了对污染物在多介质环境界面迁移转化规律的认识。本文将在概述环境界面化学反应的基础上,针对无机离子在环境界面的反应过程,重点介绍几种关键光/波谱技术(X射线吸收精细结构光谱、傅里叶红外光谱、拉曼光谱、核磁共振谱和穆斯堡尔谱等)在环境界面化学研究中的应用,并展望其在环境界面过程研究中的应用前景。     

ICP-MS的KED模式测定磷酸加王水复溶土壤样品中的二十种金属元素

在研究锗测定时,磷酸先溶解样品,后加入王水复溶,可同时测定锂、铍、钪、钒、铬、钴、镍、铜、锌、锗、钼、镉、钡、镧、铈、钨、铊、铅、钍和铀元素。研究ICP-MS的最佳测量模式、最佳工作状态,以铑为内标校正仪器的漂移。通过选择高、中、低几个国家一级水系沉积物和土壤标准物质随同样品一起实验溶解建立标准曲线,消除消解、分取、定容中带来的不确定误差和基体干扰,选择8个土壤标准物质为实验样本。最终结果表明,该实验方法准确度(ΔlgC)小于0.1,精密度(RSD)小于8%,该方法满足测定要求,适用于地质普通样品的多金属检测。#$NL     

Bestimmung von Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Rb und Cs in NBS-Ochsenleber, Blutplasma und Erythrocyten durch INAA und AAS

Zusammenfassung Der Gehalt von Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Rb und Cs wurde in Blutplasma und in Erythrocyten von sechs Normalpersonen mittels der instrumentellen Neutronenaktivierungsanalyse und der flammenlosen Absorptionsspektrometrie (Cu) bestimmt. Zur Überprüfung der Richtigkeit wurde der NBS-Standard 1577, Ochsenleber, verwendet. Die erhaltenen Resultate für Elemente mit höheren Gehalten (Fe, Cu, Zn) liegen weitgehend im Bereich der bisher veröffentlichten Daten. Bei Elementen mit kleineren Gehalten (Co, Se, Rb, Cs) liegen unsere Werte in dem unteren Bereich oder darunter. Für diese Elemente wurden in Blutplasma und in Erythrocyten (hier bezogen auf Trockenmasse) die folgenden Mittelwerte ermittelt: Für Co 0,22 ±0,14 ng/ml, 0,59±0,23 ng/g, für Se 103±18 ng/ml, 401±29 ng/g, für Rb 167±36 ng/ml, 12,1±2,5 g/g und für Cs 0,88±0,18 ng/ml, 13,0±5,7 ng/g.

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Determination of Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Rb and Cs in NBS Bovine Liver, blood plasma and erythrocytes by INAA and AAS

Summary The content of the above elements has been determined in blood plasma and in erythrocytes of six normal persons by instrumental neutron activation analysis and flameless atomic absorption spectrometry (Cu). The over-all accuracy of these techniques was checked by using the NBS standard 1577, Bovine Liver. The results obtained for elements of higher content (Fe, Cu, Zn) are essentially in the range of other published data. However, our results for elements occurring with lower contents (Co, Se, Rb, Cs) are in agreement with the lowest values of the published data and in some cases they are even significantly below these. For these elements, the following contents have been determined in blood plasma and in erythrocytes (here related to dry weight): for Co 0.22±0.14 ng/ml and 0.59±0.23 ng/g, for Se 103±18 ng/ml and 401±29 ng/g, for Rb 167 ±36 ng/ml and 12.1±2.5 g/g and for Cs 0.88 ±0.18 ng/ml and 13.0±5.7 ng/g, respectively.

Diese Arbeit wurde durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft gefördert.Dem Kernforschungszentrum danken wir für den Erlaß der Bestrahlungskosten.Herrn Dr. med. K. Spenger sind wir für die Mitwirkung bei der Blutentnahme und für wertvolle Diskussion dankbar.     

Phosphorescence of aromatic molecules in complexes with crystalline β-cyclodextrin at room temperature

The rate constants for the quenching by oxygen of triplet states of aromatic molecules (naphthalenes-d₈ and-h₈, phenanthrene) forming inclusion complexes with crystalline β-cyclodextrin in water at 290 K are equal to 900–1300 L mol⁻¹s⁻¹. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1450–1453, August, 1997.     

Direct benzylic functionalization of pyridines:Palladium-catalyzed mono-α-arylation of α-(2-pyridinyl)acetates with heteroaryl halides

Herein,we report a Pd-catalyzed mono-a-arylation reaction for pyridine benzylic functionalization.This approach serves as an efficient alternative to synthesize di-heteroaryl acetates in good yields and selectivities.Moreover,the method is applicable to heteroa ryl substrate combinations,and exhibits great functional group tolerance.A streamlined protocol also enables the rapid synthesis of diheteroaryl ketones.The synthetic value was also demonstrated by scale-up experiments.     

DC discharge in an alternating magnetic field as excitation source in emission spectroscopy

Summary The experimental study of the behaviour of a dc discharge in an alternating magnetic field is described. The lower electrode (anode) is a horizontally located chamber electrode. The alternating magnetic field causes oscillations along the lower electrode axis so that the oscillating arc can equably heat the anode. The axial distribution of the spectral line intensities for lead, bismuth, mercury, cadmium, tin and antimony is investigated. The intensity distributions are studied for near-to-cathode and near-to-anode regions of the discharge. The detection limits obtained for pure conditions show that the effects of chamber electrodes and of double arc could be achieved by means of a relatively simple technique.

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Ein Gleichstrombogen im Wechselmagnetfeld als Anregungsquelle in der Emissionsspektrographie

Zusammenfassung Untersuchungen über das Verhalten eines Gleichstrombogens in einem Wechselmagnetfeld werden beschrieben. Die untere Elektrode (Anode) ist eine horizontale Kammerelektrode. Das Wechselmagnetfeld verursacht Bogenschwingungen entlang der Achse der unteren Elektrode und ermöglicht dadurch deren gleichmäßige Heizung. Die axiale Verteilung der Linienintensitäten von Blei, Bismut, Quecksilber, Cadmium, Zinn und Antimon wurde für beide Elektroden untersucht. Die berechneten Nachweisgrenzen zeigen, daß die Wirkung der Kammerelektrode und des Doppelbogens mit einfachen Mitteln erreicht werden kann.

     

Determination of Violet Covasol as a cosmetic dye in water samples by a CPE-Scanometry method

The trace amounts of Violet Covasol as a cosmetic dye was determined by an efficient cloud point extraction-Scanometry(CPE-Scanometry) method. This method has many advantages such as novelty,facility, high speed, sensitivity, low cost and safety. The method is based on the CPE of an analyte from an aqueous solution, diluting the extracted surfactant-rich phase with ethanol, transferring to Plexiglas~cell and scanning of the cells containing the analyte solution with a scanner and measuring the RGB parameters with software written in visual basic(VB 6) media. Parameters impacting the extraction efficiency such as p H of the system, the concentration of surfactant, equilibration temperature and time were optimized. Detection limit(DL), relative standard deviation(RSD) and linear range for the proposed method are 0.026, 0.71 and 0.16–6.6 μg m L ~(-1)respectively. The method was successfully applied for the determination of Violet Covasol dye in several water samples, including a water sample containing the dye as a tracer(to investigate subsurface water movement).     

Electrocatalytic Oxidation and Simultaneous Determination of Uric Acid,Xanthine, Hypoxanthine and Dopamine Based on β-Cyclodextrin Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

A novel covalently modified glassy carbon electrode with β-cyclodextrin was prepared via electropolymerization technique for the simultaneous determination of uric acid(UA), xanthine(XA), hypoxanthine(HX) and dopamine(DA). This new electrode presented an excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of UA, XA, HX and DA by cyclic voltammetry(CV) method. The oxidation peaks of the four compounds were well defined and had the enhanced peak currents. The separation potentials of the oxidation peaks for DA-UA, UA-XA and XA-HX were 150, 390 and 360 mV in CV, respectively. By means of differential pulse voltammetry(DPV) method, the calibration curves in the ranges of 10-225, 5-105, 10-170 and 5-150 μmol/L were obtained for UA, XA, HX and DA, respectively. The lowest detection limits(S/N=3) were 5, 1.25, 5 and 1.5 μmol/L for UA, XA, HX and DA, respectively. The practical application of the modified electrode was demonstrated by the determination of DA in hydrochloride injection and UA, XA, HX in human urine samples.     

Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of 3-phenyl-4-substituted-β-carbolines

A new class of 3-phenyl-4-substituted-β-carbolines via iodine-mediated electrophilic cyclization as key step were synthesized and their inhibitory activity against three tumor cell lines was evaluated in vitro.It was found that some of the tested compounds showed better cytotoxicity against HeLa and MCF-7 cells than harmine.