二元自缩合乙烯基聚合反应体系的统计热力学

应用统计力学原理对二元自缩合乙烯基聚合反应体系(由单体和引发单体组成)的统计热力学特征予以研究.首先从两种不同的角度给出与聚合反应相应的配分函数,据此得到反应体系的平衡自由能、质量作用定律以及超支化高分子的数量分布函数,进而计算了体系的比热和等温压缩系数等热力学量.进一步研究了超支化高分子的空间尺度,给出反应体系k次均方回转半径的递推公式,计算了各种不同溶剂条件下的均方回转半径,指出引发单体分数、反应程度和溶剂效应对超支化高分子空间尺度的影响.     

非等活性加核自缩合乙烯基聚合体系回转半径的Monte Carlo模拟

利用Monte Carlo模拟方法研究了加核自缩合乙烯基聚合反应体系中超支化高分子的二次回转半径随双键转化率的变化情况. 在模拟中, 重点考察了两类活性基团的反应活性差异、 引发核的配比及基团数等因素对超支化高分子均方回转半径的影响. 结果表明, 上述因素对于超支化高分子的尺度有着显著影响, 从而可为调控体系中高分子的空间尺度提供有效途径.     

三元非等活性自缩合乙烯基聚合体系的Z均回转半径

利用Monte Carlo模拟方法研究了由单体、引发单体和引发核组成的三元自缩合乙烯基聚合反应体系. 重点考察了两类活性基团反应活性的差异、引发单体分数、引发核的配比及活性基团数等因素对体系中无核和有核两类超支化高分子Z均回转半径的影响. 结果表明, 这些因素对超支化高分子的结构和尺度影响显著, 因而通过调节有关参数可以实现对超支化高分子结构和尺度的调控.     

AB_g型超支化高分子反应的统计力学和反应动力学研究

以AB_g型超支化高分子反应为例,对该反应体系的反应动力学和统计力学进行了研究,并探讨了二者之间的关系.进一步给出反应体系的反应程度与体系的Gibbs自由能等热力学量间的解析表达式以及反应程度与浓度和时间等物理量之间的关系.     

新型超支化二阶非线性光学高分子：简便的合成方法和增强的非线性光学效应

通过简单的“A₂+B₃”反应，我们成功地合成了一个新的超支化非线性光学高分子。同时，作为对比，我们还合成了相对应的线型高分子。制备的两个高分子均溶于常见的有机溶剂，并由各种表征手段予以鉴定。超支化高分子的二阶非线性光学性能极大地优于相对应的线型高分子，表明超支化结构有利于提高高分子材料的宏观非线性光学效应。     

分批投料模式下加核自缩合乙烯基体系的Monte Carlo模拟

通过Monte Carlo 模拟方法对加核自缩合乙烯基体系在分批投料模式下的聚合行为进行研究, 考察了引发核的加入时间及分批投料方式对超支化高分子的重均分子量及多分散指数的影响. 研究结果表明, 不同的分批投料方式对超支化高分子的重均分子量和多分散性具有显著的调控作用. 通过调整投料方式、 投料次数、 引发核官能度和转化率等因素, 可以得到分子量较高且多分散性较好的超支化高分子.     

超支化高分子结构和聚集态研究的新进展

超支化高分子上具有大量的活性末端基,对这些末端基的修饰和功能化会使其聚集态结构发生变化.文中针对超支化高分子所具有的独特结构和性能特点,概述了超支化高分子的构象结构和聚集态结构的研究现状,系统讨论了超支化高分子的支化度、分子量分布、空间尺度、玻璃化转变温度和特性粘度等分子结构参数,并在此基础上介绍了超支化高分子的物理化学性质和分析表征方法,同时综述了国内外学者在该领域的贡献,展望了该领域的研究进程和发展前景.     

端基对超支化高分子性质影响的研究

对端羟基脂肪族超支化高分子的端基进行了乙酰化和硅烷化改性，研究了不同端基对超支化高分子的玻璃化温度，折光指数增量以及特性粘度的影响。结果表明，端基的极性减小使超支化高分子的玻璃化温度降低，不同端基的超支化高分子的折光指数增量也有很大差异，而强极性的端基使超支化高分子在溶液中易产生团聚作用。由于端基在超支化高分子中所占比重较大，端基是影响超支化高分子性质的重要因素。     

自缩合乙烯基聚合体系中的环化效应

基于超支化高分子的生长代数模型,利用Monte Carlo模拟方法研究了不同溶剂条件下自缩合乙烯基聚合(SCVP)体系的环化效应.根据SCVP体系的反应机理给出含环反应的微分动力学方程,并通过环化反应的内在特征确定了分子间反应和内环化反应的速率常数.在此基础上,利用Monte Carlo模拟方法得到了高分子的数量分布函数、重均分子量、环数以及含环分子的链段分数等相关物理量,分析了环化效应对于体系平均物理量的影响.进一步根据模拟结果对单体浓度和溶剂效应等对内环化反应的影响予以分析.结果表明,环化效应取决于单体浓度和溶剂效应之间的协同作用,其中单体浓度在环化反应中起着主导作用.     

《高分子化学》课程中结合超支化聚硅氧烷的案例教学研究

超支化聚硅氧烷作为一种新型的超支化聚合物,兼具了超支化聚合物和硅氧聚合物的优点,是《高分子化学》课程教学中具有典型代表性的前沿教学案例.本文以超支化聚硅氧烷为案例教学对象,从单体选择、原料配比、聚合过程控制等方面进行讨论,重点讲授逐步聚合、缩聚反应、凝胶点的预测等相关知识点;在此基础上进一步延伸到高分子材料结构与性能的...     

Statistical and thermodynamic properties of binary self-condensing vinyl polymerization

The thermodynamic properties of a binary self-condensing vinyl polymerization system consisting of monomers and inimers are investigated by the principle of statistical mechanics.In detail,in terms of two types of canonical partition functions constructed from different viewpoints,the equilibrium free energy,the law of mass action and the size distribution of hyperbranched polymers are obtained.As an application,the specific heat,equation of state and isothermal compressibility concerning the polymerization...     

The radius of gyration for a ternary self-condensing vinyl polymerization system

A ternary self-condensing vinyl polymerization(SCVP) system consisting of monomers, inimers and core initiators is studied by the principle of statistical mechanics. Starting from partition functions for polymerization that constructed from two different viewpoints, explicit expressions of the size distribution function(SDF), equilibrium free energy, and the law of mass action are obtained. For two types of hyperbranched polymers(HBPs) formed in the system, the first, the second, and the third mean-square radii of gyration(MSRG) are presented under various conditions. Furthermore, the solvent effect and excluded volume effect are taken into account in the calculation of the MSRG. With these results, the effects of monomers, inimers and core initiators on the spatial dimension of HBPs are discussed. It is shown that the competition between polymers with and without a core in the growing process results in a significant influence on the average properties of the system.     

Reaction kinetics of nonideal hyperbranched polymerizations: Influences of chain rigidity and reaction reversibility

To deeply understand the dependence of hyperbranched polymerization on the specialties of molecular chain and chemical reaction, the reaction kinetics of nonideal hyperbranched polymerizations considering the chain rigidity and reaction reversibility are studied using the reactive three‐dimensional bond fluctuation lattice model. It is found that, with the increase of chain rigidity, the formation probability of intramolecular rings decreases and less intramolecular rings with larger size are formed. It results in the increase of the degrees of polymerization and polydispersity index with the rise of chain rigidity at higher conversion. Furthermore, our simulation shows that the reversibility of reaction has strong influences on the equilibrium state and kinetic process of hyperbranched polymerizations. When the ratio of reverse reaction probability to forward reaction probability is larger, the conversion and degrees of polymerization quickly grow to the equilibrium value simultaneously. At smaller reverse reaction probability, however, the weigh‐average degree of polymerization and polydispersity index further increase slowly after approaching the equilibrium conversion. Our results are well‐consistent with the experiments to indicate that the introduction of the specialties of macromolecule and chemical reaction are necessary for quantitative analysis of the realistic hyperbranched polymerizations. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012     

Calculation of the (liquid + liquid) equilibrium of solutions of hyperbranched polymers with the lattice-cluster theory combined with an association model

The (liquid + liquid) equilibrium of solutions of hyperbranched polyesters is calculated with the lattice-cluster theory (LCT) combined with a chemical association model. The considered solvents are n-alkanes as well as propan-1-ol and butan-1-ol. The structure of the solvents is also considered in the framework of the LCT, assuming the solvent molecules as linear chains of several segments. For polymer solutions with the non-associating n-alkanes only the self association of the hyperbranched polymer molecules has to be considered by the chemical association lattice model (CALM). For the solutions of the type alcohol + hyperbranched polymer additionally the cross association is taken into account by a modified version of the extended chemical association lattice model (ECALM). The association effects are proved to influence strongly the phase equilibrium. Calculating the cloud-point curve and the critical point the polydispersity of the polymer samples is neglected. There is a reasonable agreement of the calculated curves with the experimental data taken from the literature.     

两亲性超支化聚合物的研究进展

两亲性超支化聚合物作为一种新型功能性材料.近年来引起了人们的广泛关注.两亲性超支化聚合物的合成丰要是利用不同亲水性的链段对超支化聚合物端基进行改性,或者首先在超支化聚合物末端产生活性位点,再利用超支化分f作为大分子引发剂引发烯类单体进行斤环聚合、原子转移自由基聚合等得到以超支化聚合物为核的两亲性超支化共聚物;这些分子由...     

含芴共轭单元的超支化聚合物的合成及表征

以芴和季戊四醇为初始物,分别合成了具有芴共轭单元和季戊四醇多臂结构的两种聚合单体,进一步采用Suzuki反应合成出一种结构新颖的部分共轭结构的超支化聚合物.利用紫外吸收光谱和荧光发射光谱对聚合物予以表征,结果表明,超支化聚合物具有与模型化合物分子相似的发光行为,既可以发出纯正的蓝光,又表现出支化结构对荧光发射的影响.差...     

十八烷基超支化有机物的合成

以十八胺、丙烯酸甲酯为原料,甲醇为溶剂通过迈克尔加成反应制备了0.5G(Generation)超支化有机物,再以0.5G为原料与乙二胺通过酰胺化缩合反应制备了1.0G超支化有机物.并对1.0G进行了合成条件探索,最佳反应条件为n(乙二胺)∶n(0.5G)=60∶1,反应温度60℃,反应时间24 h,产物的产率为99.11%,同时采用红外光谱对两种超支化分子进行了结构表征.     

Synthesis of novel low-viscosity liquid epoxidized aromatic hyperbranched polymers

Low-viscosity liquid epoxidized aromatic hyperbranched polymers are synthesized by the reaction between epichlorohydrin (ECH) and carboxy-end hyperbranched polymers prepared from low-cost products trimellitic anhydride (B₃ TMA) and dihydroxy alcohols (A₂). The low-viscosity property, especially the lowest viscosity of epoxidized aromatic hyperbranched polymers is only 350 cp which has not reported among epoxidized aromatic hyperbranched polymers before, make them can be used to coatings and adhesion fields without organic solvent hopefully. The properties of the epoxidized aromatic hyperbranched polymers are measured by GPC, FT-IR and viscometer.