电化学沉积法制备金（核）-铜（壳）纳米粒子阵列

以组装在有机分子自组装膜/金基底电极上的Au纳米粒子阵列为电化学沉积模板,制备了金(核)-铜 (壳)纳米粒子阵列.选用巯基十一胺（AUDT）和巯基癸烷（DT）混合自组装膜作为基底电极与Au纳米粒子的耦联层,可以在一定的电位下实现金属Cu在Au纳米粒子上的选择性沉积.将沉积电位控制在－0.03 V（vs SCE）时,沉积初期（t ≤ 15 s,沉积粒子粒径 ≤ 20 nm ）金(核)-铜 (壳)粒子具有良好的单分散性和近似球形,而且粒径实验值同计算值非常吻合.     

纳米半导体硫化银单层膜的自组装

本文使用Triton X-100作为模板剂制备半导体硫化银纳米颗粒,并研究了其吸收光谱的兰移特性。在金属铝或金基底上自组装有机双功能分子单层膜后,将其浸入所制备的纳米硫化银颗粒的微乳液中,自组装得到硫化银纳米颗粒单层膜并研究了其表面形貌特征。     

银包覆金纳米粒子膜的制备、表征及其SERS效应

本文研究了通过液相微波高压技术和自组装方法相结合制备的复合纳米粒子膜。首先, 将利用微波加热制备的金纳米粒子组装到石英片上,然后,再通过微波加热方法在石英片上的金颗粒表面沉积生长银包裹层, 用UV-Vis吸收光谱和原子力显微镜对该结构的复合纳米粒子膜进行表征。研究表明：通过在微波高压反应中调节银的沉积量可以有效控制包覆层的厚度和复合粒子的尺度。相对金纳米粒子膜,制备的复合粒子膜能显著的提高SERS能力,而较大的复合粒子的银壳层和粒子之间的耦合作用对复合粒子膜的SERS活性的显著增强起主要作用。     

3-巯基丙酸自组装单分子膜的研究进展

自组装单层或单分子膜(Self-assembled monolayers)的研究十分活跃,尤其是硫-金体系的单层研究更是得到科学家们的青睐。3-巯基丙酸由于可以在金基底形成稳定有序的二维自组装单分子膜,从而显示出独特的结构和表面性质。该文着重从膜的制备、膜内分子的结构、单层膜的性质以及应用等方面综述金基底上3-巯基丙酸自组装单分子膜的研究进展,并对其前景进行了展望。     

Au-Ag三角纳米环单层膜的原位转化制备及 SERS效应

利用模板牺牲氧化还原反应将自组装在基片上的三角板银纳米粒子(边长约为79.2 nm)与氯金酸溶液作用进而原位转化形成三角纳米环. 通过紫外-可见(UV-Vis)光谱实时监测基片上银三角板纳米粒子在反应不同阶段的消光特性; 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)显示了银三角板纳米粒子转化过程的形貌变化; 利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对其成分进行分析. 表征结果表明, 三角纳米环的成分为Au-Ag合金或复合物; 随着基片与氯金酸溶液作用时间的增加, 自组装膜的表面等离子体共振峰逐渐红移; Au-Ag三角环状纳米粒子的平均壁厚度从29.3 nm缩小至16.2 nm. 以4-巯基苯胺(4-ATP)为探针分子研究了该Au-Ag三角环状纳米粒子单层膜的表面增强拉曼(SERS)活性. 自组装单层膜基底的SERS信号随着Au-Ag三角纳米环平均壁厚度的增加逐渐增强.     

纳米团簇的超分子自组装

在纳米材料的应用过程中, 纳米团簇或纳米粒子的组装将是非常关键的一步。纳米团簇的超分子化学组装方法可分为两类, 即胶态晶体法和模板法。胶态晶体法是利用胶体溶液的自组装特性将纳米团簇组装成超晶格, 可得到二维或三维有序的超晶格。模板法是利用纳米团簇与组装模板间的识别作用来带动团簇的组装, 可应用的模板有固体膜、单分子膜、有机分子、生物分子等。其中, 单分子膜模板是研究最多也是最为成熟的一种; 生物分子间严密的分子识别功能使其成为非常有发展前途的组装模板, 而且用生物分子模板有可能实现不同纳米团簇间的组装。     

二维自组装聚合制备寡层有机-氧化硅纳米杂化材料

设计、合成了一种两亲性硅氧烷前驱体(PABI),一端为羧基,另一端为具有反应性的硅氧烷基团.利用两亲性分子在水溶液中的自组装特性,研究了它的"二维自组装聚合".实验结果表明,PABI的二维自组装聚合行为与介质、碱的种类和碱的用量等因素有关.我们发现用四甲基胍(TMG)为碱时,PABI在水中通过自组装聚合可以形成寡层二维有机-氧化硅纳米杂化材料.透射电子显微镜(TEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)的测试结果显示,片层的尺寸为几百纳米到几微米,片层的厚度为6～9 nm.当在水/有机溶剂(如DMSO、DMF、THF或MeOH)的混合溶液中进行自组装聚合时,均未得到层状结构的杂化材料.当用三乙胺和氢氧化钠为碱时,在水中只能得到多层堆积的杂化材料.本研究结果表明,通过二维自组装聚合,可以获得寡层甚至单层二维有机-氧化硅杂化材料.     

二维纳米金单层膜的构建及其生物电化学应用

利用Langmuir-Blodgett (LB)技术在氧化铟锡(ITO)电极上制备了二维纳米金(nano-Au)单层膜,采用扫描电子显微镜表征了二维纳米金单层膜.实验结果表明:表面压为28 mN/m时,可获得分散性好、形状规则且分布均匀的二维球形纳米金单层膜.利用LB技术制备了肌红蛋白(Mb)薄膜,并将其固定在二维纳米金单层膜修饰的电极表面,研究了肌红蛋白LB膜的直接电化学行为.结果表明:纳米金粒子能够有效地加速肌红蛋白的电子转移,其电子转移速率为1.415 s-1.     

有序纳米金颗粒的多层组装

采用LB技术组装了一种三维有序的由十八胺修饰的纳米金颗粒多层结构.这是一种新的组装纳米颗粒三维有序聚集体的方法.为了扩大这种方法的适用范围,在组装过程中,将有机小分子1-苯基-5-巯基四氮唑引进结构,形成了新的纳米金颗粒多层聚集体.这两种多层膜经透射电子显微镜和小角X射线衍射测量证明构成多层膜的单层膜上的纳米金颗粒是有序的,并且颗粒在层与层之间的排列也是有序的.     

化学气相沉积法制备氧化锡自组装纳米结构

采用化学气相沉积法在镀有5-10 nm厚金膜的SiO2衬底上, 通过控制生长条件, 实现了二氧化锡纳米结构的自组装生长, 成功制备出了莲花状和菊花状的二氧化锡自组装纳米结构. 利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射等表征分析手段对样品的表面形貌、结构及成份进行表征和研究. 并在此基础上, 讨论了两种自组装纳米结构的生长机制.     

Directed growth of poly(isobenzofuran) films by chemical vapor deposition on patterned self-assembled monolayers as templates

This paper describes a method to direct the formation of microstructures of poly(isobenzofuran) (PIBF) by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on chemically patterned, reactive, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) prepared on gold substrates. We examined the growth dependence of PIBF by deposition onto several different SAMs each presenting different surface functional groups, including a carboxylic acid, a phenol, an alcohol, an amine, and a methyl group. Interferometry, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and optical microscopy were used to characterize the PIBF films grown on the various SAMs. Based on the kinetic and the spectroscopic analyses, we suggest that the growth of PIBF is surface-dependent and may follow a cationic polymerization mechanism. Using the cationic polymerization mechanism of PIBF growth, we also prepared patterned SAMs of 11-mercapto-1-undecanol (MUO) or 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) by microcontact printing (microCP) on gold substrates as templates, to direct the growth of the PIBF. The directed growth and the formation of microstructures of PIBF with lateral dimensions of 6 microm were investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The average thickness of the microstructures of PIBF films grown on the MUO and the MUA patterns were 400 +/- 40 nm and 490 +/- 40 nm, respectively. SAMs patterned with carboxylic acid salts (Cu2+, Fe2+, or Ag+) derived from MUA led to increases in the average thickness of the microstructures of PIBF by 10%, 12%, or 27%, respectively, relative to that of control templates. The growth dependence of PIBF on the various carboxylic acid salts was also investigated using experimental observations of the growth kinetics and XPS analyses of the relative amount of metal ions present on the template surfaces.     

Photooxidation of self-assembled monolayers by exposure to light of wavelength 254 nm: a static SIMS study

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanethiols have been photooxidized by exposure to light from a lamp emitting light with a wavelength of 254 nm. The data confirm that SAM oxidation on exposure to UV light sources occurs in the absence of ozone, but also suggest that the mechanism is different from that observed in previous studies using broad-spectrum arc lamps. In particular, for monolayers on both gold and silver, carboxylic acid-terminated SAMs oxidize significantly faster than methyl-terminated SAMs, in contrast to earlier observations for monolayers exposed to light from a mercury arc lamp. The difference in rates of photooxidation for the two classes of monolayer is significantly greater on silver than on gold. These data support our recent suggestion that while methyl-terminated SAMs are able to pack much more closely on silver than on gold, carboxylic acid-terminated thiols are not able to adopt the same close-packed structures, and their rates of photooxidation on silver are similar to, or slightly greater than, those measured for the same adsorbates on gold. Surface potential measurements were made for carboxylic acid- and methyl-terminated SAMs using a Kelvin probe apparatus. It was found that the work functions of carboxylic acid-terminated SAMs are significantly greater than those of methyl-terminated monolayers. It is concluded that these data are consistent with the oxidation reaction being initiated by "hot" electrons generated following the interaction of photons with the metallic substrate.     

Effect of the chemical composition on the work function of gold substrates modified by binary self-assembled monolayers

This study demonstrated that the work function (Φ) of Au substrates can be fine-tuned by using series ratios of binary self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). By using pure amine- and carboxylic acid-bearing alkanethiol SAM on gold substrates, Φ of Au changed from 5.10 to 5.16 and 5.83, respectively, as determined by ultra-violet photoelectron spectrometry (UPS). The shift in Φ due to the use of different functional groups was rationalized by considering the dipole moments of the molecules anchored on the Au surface. A series of binary SAMs were fabricated by mixing carboxylic acid- and amine-terminated alkanethiols in the deposition solution. By mixing these functional groups in SAMs, a linear correlation between Φ with respect to chemical composition (hence the effective dipole moment on the Au surface) was observed. It was found that arbitrary Φ between extremes (5.16 and 5.83) controlled by respective functional groups can be obtained by changing the chemical composition of SAMs. The Scanning Kelvin Probe (SKP) was also used to measure the contact potential difference (CPD) between SAMs and referencing Au on a patterned substrate prepared by photo-lithography. It was found that the CPD of SAMs with different chemical compositions correlates to their Φ. However, the magnitude of the CPD was smaller than the difference in Φ measured by UPS that was possibly due to the adsorption of contaminants in air.     

单壁碳纳米管在金表面的图形化组装

利用湿法化学组装技术在金表面得到了图形化的单壁碳纳米管阵列.在混酸氧化条件下,初合成的交缠状态的单壁纳米管被截短成带有羧基等功能化末端的短管.这些功能化的短管在缩合剂DCC的作用下与氨基/甲基图形化表面进行缩合反应时,纳米管将选择性地结合到氨基区域从而形成规则的纳米管阵列.     

Zinc oxide growth morphology on self-assembled monolayer modified silver surfaces

Using organic molecules to direct inorganic crystal growth has opened up new avenues for controlled synthesis on surfaces. Combined with soft lithography to form patterned templates, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) have been shown to be a powerful approach for the assembly of inorganic nanostructures. In this work, we show that the surface free energy of SAM-modified silver, which depends on end groups and deposition method of SAMs, has a dramatic effect on the nucleation and growth of crystalline ZnO, a technologically important material, from supersaturated solutions. For SAMs with inert methyl end groups, ZnO nucleation is inhibited. For SAMs with chemically active (carboxylic or thiol) end groups, the ZnO morphology is found to be three-dimensional nanorods on low-surface-energy surfaces and two-dimensional thin films on high-energy surfaces.     

Expedient generation of patterned surface aldehydes by microfluidic oxidation for chemoselective immobilization of ligands and cells

An expedient and inexpensive method to generate patterned aldehydes on self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanethiolates on gold with control of density for subsequent chemoselective immobilization from commercially available starting materials has been developed. Utilizing microfluidic cassettes, primary alcohol oxidation of tetra(ethylene glycol) undecane thiol and 11-mercapto-1-undecanol SAMs was performed directly on the surface generating patterned aldehyde groups with pyridinium chlorochromate. The precise density of surface aldehydes generated can be controlled and characterized by electrochemistry. For biological applications, fibroblast cells were seeded on patterned surfaces presenting biospecifc cell adhesive (Arg-Glyc-Asp) RGD peptides.     

Sulfonic Acid-functionalized gold nanoparticles: a colloid-bound catalyst for soft lithographic application on self-assembled monolayers

In this report, we present a new lithographic approach to prepare patterned surfaces. Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of the acid-labile trimethylsilyl ether (TMS-OC(11)H(22)S)(2) (TMS adsorbate) was formed on gold. 5-Mercapto-2-benzimidazole sulfonic acid sodium salt (MBS-Na(+)) was used as a ligand for gold nanoparticles. These monolayer-protected gold colloids (MPCs) were transformed into the catalytically active H(+)-form by ion exchange. This colloid-bound catalyst hydrolyzed the TMS adsorbate (TMS-OC(11)H(22)S)(2) both in solution and when self-assembled on gold surfaces. Microcontact printing of the active colloid-bound catalyst on the preformed TMS SAM led to the deposition of the colloid onto the SAMs. After the catalyst nanoparticles were rinsed off, a patterned surface was created as shown by AFM.     

Reversible covalent patterning of self-assembled monolayers on gold and silicon oxide surfaces

This paper describes the generation of reversible patterns of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold and silicon oxide surfaces via the formation of reversible covalent bonds. The reactions of (patterned) SAMs of 11-amino-1-undecanethiol (11-AUT) with propanal, pentanal, decanal, or terephthaldialdehyde result in dense imine monolayers. The regeneration of these imine monolayers to the 11-AUT monolayer is obtained by hydrolysis at pH 3. The (patterned) monolayers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, contact angle and electrochemical measurements, and atomic force microscopy. Imines can also be formed by microcontact printing of amines on terephthaldialdehyde-terminated substrates. Lucifer Yellow ethylenediamine was employed as a fluorescent amine-containing marker to visualize the reversible covalent patterning on a terephthaldialdehyde-terminated glass surface by confocal microscopy. These experiments demonstrate that with reversible covalent chemistry it is possible to print and erase chemical patterns on surfaces repeatedly.     

Interference from Trace Copper in Electrochemical Investigations Employing Carboxylic Acid Terminated Thiol Modified Gold Electrodes

Unexpectedly, electrochemistry at variable chain length carboxylic acid terminated alkylthiol self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold electrodes gives rise to a Faradaic process in buffered aqueous electrolyte solution. In particular, the three‐carbon chain length, 3‐mercaptopropionic acid (MPA), exhibits a chemically reversible process with a mid‐point potential of 175 mV vs. Ag/AgCl under conditions of cyclic voltammetry. This process is associated with the presence of trace (parts per billion) amounts of copper(II) ions present in the chemical reagents used to prepare the aqueous electrolyte and also from the gold electrode itself. The carboxylic acid moiety on the SAM concentrates Cu²⁺ ions by coordination and this surface confined layer is then reduced. Methods to minimize the interference of Cu²⁺ ions at carboxylic acid terminated SAM are discussed and caution with respect to the interpretation of protein electrochemistry is recommended when using carboxylic acid functionalized SAMs to provide biocompatible electrochemical transduction surfaces, unless a metal free environment can be obtained.     

Octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS): a resist for OMCVD gold nanoparticle growth

One application of octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) is its use as thin film resists. In this work, we demonstrated that OTS SAMs can be reliable resists for organo‐metallic chemical vapor deposition (OMCVD) grown gold nanoparticles (Au NPs). In optical sensing applications based on Au NPs, one candidate system consists of patterned OTS SAMs and precisely grown OMCVD Au NPs for achieving a high sensitivity. As an initial step, the OTS SAMs need to perfectly resist the OMCVD Au NP growth. Hence the optimized formation of the OTS SAMs affected by different assembly times and baking temperatures was studied by contact angle, ellipsometry, XPS, SEM, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). To demonstrate the ability of the OTS SAMs to resist OMCVD Au NP growth, the OMCVD process was carried out on two sets of samples: OTS SAMs fabricated under optimized conditions on one set and the other set without OTS SAMs. High‐resolution XPS, RBS, SEM, and ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐Vis) spectroscopy were applied to study the growth of Au NPs on the samples with and without OTS SAM resists. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.