有氧运动训练对D-半乳糖诱导的亚急性衰老大鼠血管老化的影响

目的探讨游泳运动对大鼠血管抗衰老的影响。方法 30只健康雄性SD大鼠(180~220g)随机分为3组:溶剂对照组(n=10),D-半乳糖组(n=10)和有氧运动+D-半乳糖组(运动组,n=10)。D-半乳糖组和运动组大鼠每日颈部皮下注射D-半乳糖(125 mg/kg),溶剂对照组大鼠每日颈部皮下注射同体积生理盐水,且运动组大鼠每日进行60 min的无负重游泳运动训练,持续8周。以血浆总一氧化氮合成酶(T-NOS)活力,一氧化氮(NO),内皮素(ET)和NO/ET平衡建立血管衰老指标评价体系,并测量主动脉组织超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果与溶剂对照组相比,D-半乳糖组大鼠主动脉MDA和血浆ET含量显著升高,而GSH-Px、SOD活力、血浆NO含量和NO/ET比值显著下降。与D-半乳糖组相比,运动组大鼠主动脉MDA含量和T-NOS活力显著下降,GSHPx、SOD、T-NOS活力、NO含量和NO/ET比值显著升高(P0.05),且与对照组相比上述各项指标无显著差异。结论 D-半乳糖皮下注射可诱导大鼠主动脉脂质过氧化反应,血浆NO/ET失衡;适宜的有氧运动能显著增加大鼠血管的抗氧化能力,减少脂质过氧化反应,改善NO/ET失衡,预防血管衰老。     

外源钕减轻了重金属镉对菹草的毒害作用

研究了不同浓度钕对菹草镉胁迫的缓解效应.结果表明,单一镉(10 mg·L-1)处理降低了菹草叶片抗氧化酶系超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性,丙二醛(MDA)含量升高,可溶性蛋白和叶绿素含量下降.用不同浓度钕处理后,明显减轻了这些症状,抗氧化酶活性均有所提高,与毒害对照相比,SOD、CAT及POD活性分别提高了14.0%～30.0%,8.8%～47.3%,4.6%～15.1%,并减轻了叶绿素和可溶性蛋白的降解,减缓了MDA的积累.随着钕浓度的进一步加大,缓解效应逐渐减弱,钕作用的最适浓度为10～15mg·L-1.     

铜中毒对SD大鼠肝的影响研究

将36只雄性大鼠80~100 g随机分为3组,分别喂以对照日粮(Cu质量分数13.15mg/kg)和高铜日粮(Cu质量分数650、850 mg/kg),实验期为9周,进行了铜中毒对大鼠肝脏影响的病理学研究。结果表明,与对照组比较,高铜Ⅰ、Ⅱ组大鼠肝脏出现不同程度的病理损害;大鼠肝脏脏器系数有增高趋势,但差异无显著(P0.05)。同时,乳酸脱氢酶、谷草转氨酶活性显著升高(P0.01),血清铜含量上升,SOD含量下降。提示日粮铜质量分数650~850 mg/kg即可引起大鼠肝脏的病理损伤,功能降低。     

冷应激对铜预投大鼠血清铜锌代谢、SOD活性及GSH含量的影响

为揭示应激对体内微量元素代谢的影响和机制，预先给予大鼠不同水平的铜3周后，采用冷束缚法使大鼠产生应激，测定了血清铜、锌水平及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)和丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果表明，高铜给予没有对清洁级大鼠生长产生明显的影响．血清铜、锌及铜锌比值变化不明显，但适量的铜给予能显著提高血清中SOD活性和GSH含量；冷应激处理后大鼠血清中Cu水平下降，Zn水平升高，同时SOD消耗降低，而GSH含量显著升高。表明冷应激可使大鼠体内铜锌代谢及SOD活性和GSH含量发生变化，适量的铜给予在应激状况下才发挥出积极的生理作用。     

蛋氨酸铜对西门塔尔牛血液指标的影响

选用16头平均体质量420 kg、年龄2.5岁中国西门塔尔牛阉牛,采用随机区组设计分为4组,以混合精料和风干玉米秸秆为基础日粮,以蛋氨酸铜为铜源,在基础日粮中分别添加铜0、8、16和24 mg/kg,研究了蛋氨酸铜对西门塔尔牛血液指标的影响。结果表明,血清TG、GLU、TC、ALB和TP含量显著增加(P<0.05)。24 mg/kg组SUN明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。血清GOT、GPT、AKP、ACP、LDH差异均不显著(P>0.05)。血清Cp逐渐增加(P<0.05);SOD和GSH-px活性呈上升趋势,显著提高(P<0.05);MDA呈下降趋势(P<0.05)。16 mg/kg和24mg/kg组血清铜含量显著高于对照和8 mg/kg组(P<0.05)。根据试验结果,蛋氨酸铜添加量以8~16 mg/kg为宜。     

高硒情况下维生素E对老龄大鼠血清中抗氧化作用的影响

研究了高Se或高维生素E下，老龄大鼠体内抗氧化活性的变化以及高Se下维生素E对其体内抗氧化水平的影响。将十二月龄Wistar大鼠32只随机分成4组：（1）正常饲料组；（2）高Se饲料组；（3）高维生素E饲料组；（4）高Se高维生素E饲料组。饲至十周末，处死大鼠，按试剂盒要求取其血液制成血清测GSH－Px,SOD活性，MDA含量。结果表明，高Se或高维生素E下饲养下的大鼠与对照组比较，血清中GSH－Px活性升高（P＜0．05）。SOD活性未见改变，MDA含量分别减少50％和56％，有显著差异（P＜0．01）；维生素E与高Se合用与高Se组比较能进一步同GSH－Px,SOD活性（P＜0．01）。结论：高Se会升高老龄大鼠的抗氧化活性，而与维生素E合用更加升高老龄大鼠血液中抗氧化活性。     

利骨素抗去卵巢大鼠骨矿物元素代谢紊乱的作用机制

通过测定骨元素含量和血清相关激素及白细胞介素-6水平,探讨了利骨素对去卵巢大鼠骨元素代谢的影响及其机制。将健康4月龄雌性SD大鼠24只随机分成3组:A组,假去卵巢组;B组,去卵巢组;C组,去卵巢+利骨素组。结果表明,去卵巢大鼠骨Ca、Mg、S、Mn、Zn等含量显著降低,P含量显著增加;应用利骨素可使去卵巢大鼠降低的骨Ca、Mg、S、Mn、Zn等含量显著回升,P含量显著回降。血清相关激素:去卵巢组较假去卵巢组大鼠,血清雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)、甲状腺素(T4)、降钙素(CT)、皮质醇(Cortisol)、生长素(GH)等含量降低,卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)等含量升高;去卵巢+利骨素组较去卵巢组,血清P,GH,Cortisol,TSH,T4等含量回升,LH含量回降。提示利骨素改变去卵巢大鼠体内相关激素水平是其纠正去卵巢大鼠骨元素代谢紊乱作用的重要机制。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法研究五种螯合剂对染镉小鼠睾丸中镉钙铁锌浓度的影响

采用火焰原子吸收光谱法分别对染镉小鼠和N-对羟甲苯甲基-D-葡糖二硫代氨基甲酸钠(HBGD)、N-苯甲基-D-葡糖二硫代氨基甲酸钠(BGD)、二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠(DDTC)、二巯基丙醇(BAL)、乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)等五种螯合剂治疗组小鼠睾丸中镉、钙、铁、锌等金属浓度进行了测定和研究.结果表明:镉染毒(Cd 2.5 mg·kg-1,腹腔注射)后,小鼠睾丸中镉、钙、铁、锌等金属浓度显著高于对照组(p＜0.05),染镉30 min后用各螯合剂治疗(0.400 mmol·kg-1,腹腔注射),24 h后除EDTA外,其余螯合剂能明显降低睾丸中镉的浓度并抑制钙、铁、锌浓度的增加(p＜0.05);染镉24 h后注射各螯合剂,治疗24 h后,HBGD、BGD和DDTC显著降低了小鼠睾丸中各金属浓度(p＜0.05);提示HBGD和BGD有望成为染镉中毒的理想解毒剂.     

番茄红素改善移植血管内皮功能

目的探讨番茄红素对大鼠移植血管内皮功能的改善作用。方法实验分为两组:实验组,Lewis大鼠接受Brown-Norway(BN)大鼠腹主动脉移植;番茄红素干预组(30 mg·kg-1·d-1),Lewis大鼠接受BN大鼠腹主动脉移植。于移植后28 d取移植动脉,进行组织形态学观察、测量内膜厚度,免疫组化检测血管内i NOS和ICAM-1表达。收集各组血浆,ELISA检测c GMP浓度。结果各组血管内膜均出现增厚;番茄红素干预组血管内膜增厚与实验组相比显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。免疫组化检测结果显示,与实验组相比,番茄红素干预组移植动脉i NOS表达增高(P0.05)。结论番茄红素通过调控NOS通路,改善内皮功能,缓解移植动脉的纤维化进程以及内膜的增生。     

硒与铅

硒和铅是一对拮抗元素。高秋华发现,喂铅小鼠血和组织中硒浓度显著降低而铅含量显著增加,同时喂硒可使小鼠血、肾、脾中的蓄积铅和MDA显著降低(P<0.01)。阮迪云对发育过程中的大鼠所做的研究也证明,硒可使染铅大鼠肝、脑、血浆和眼球中的铅含量降低到铅处理组的三分之一左右,使肝、脑、血浆的MDA浓度分别下降37％、31％和27％,并可保护铅引起的视觉损伤。高泽宣的研究表明,大鼠醋酸铅[5mg/(kg·d)]染     

The effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on alcohol-induced oxidative stress in rats

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) on alcohol-induced liver damage in rats. A total of 36 rats were divided into control, ethanol and ethanol + LBP groups. Rats in the ethanol group were fed 7 g ethanol/kg body weight by gastric infusion, three times a day, for 30 consecutive days, while rats in the control group received the same volume of physiological saline instead of ethanol, and rats in ethanol + LBP group were fed both ethanol (7 g/kg body weight) and LBP (300 mg/kg body weight/day). Alcoholic liver injury was examined by serum ALT and AST activities, alcoholic fatty liver was assessed by lipid levels, and oxidative stress was evaluated by SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, GSH and MDA assays. In the ethanol group, a significant elevation of enzymes and lipid in serum, increased MDA level and depletion of SOD, CAT, GSH-Px and GSH in liver were observed. LBP administration significantly ameliorated liver injury, prevented the progression of alcohol-induced fatty liver, and improved the antioxidant functions when compared with the ethanol group. Histopathological examination of rat liver revealed that LBP administration protected liver cells from the damage induced by ethanol. The results suggest that LBP is a promising agent to protect the liver from hepatotoxicity and fatty liver induced by ethanol intake.     

Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of polyphenols from burs of Castanea mollissima Blume

Substantial evidence suggests that phenolic extracts of Castanea mollissima spiny burs (CMPE) increase pancreatic cell viability after STZ (streptozotocin) treatment as a result of their antioxidant properties. In the present study, the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of CMPE were studied in normal and STZ-induced diabetic rats CMPE were orally administrated at doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg twice a day for 12 consecutive days. Serum glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol levels, malondialdehyde (MDA) level and SOD activity in liver, kidney, spleen and heart tissues were measured spectrophotometrically. In normal rats, no significant changes were observed in serum glucose, lipid profiles and tissue MDA and GSH levels after orally administration of CMPE. In diabetic rats, oral administration of CMPE at a dose of 300 mg/kg caused significant decreases in serum glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol levels, as well as MDA and GSH levels in spleen and liver tissues. However, the 300 mg/kg dosage caused a significant body weight loss in both normal and diabetic rats. The observed effects indicated that CMPE could be further developed as a drug to prevent abnormal changes in blood glucose and lipid profile and to attenuate lipid peroxidation in liver and spleen tissues.     

Regulatory Role of Nano-Curcumin against Tartrazine-Induced Oxidative Stress,Apoptosis-Related Genes Expression,and Genotoxicity in Rats

The present study evaluates the regulatory effect of Nano-Curcumin (Nano-CUR) against tartrazine (TZ)-induced injuries on apoptosis-related gene expression (i.e., p⁵³, CASP-3 and CASP-9), antioxidant status, and DNA damages in bone marrow in treated rats. Male rats were arbitrarily separated into five groups, and each group was comprised of 10 rats each. The 1st group served as control (G1). The 2nd group ingested 7.5 mg TZ/kg. b.w. (body weight). The 3rd group ingested Nano-CUR 1 g/kg b.w. The 4th and 5th groups were respectively administered with (1 g Nano-CUR + 7.5 mg TZ/kg. b.w.) and (2 g Nano-CUR + 7.5 mg TZ/kg. b.w.). At the end of the experiment, blood samples, livers, and kidneys were collected. Livers and kidneys were homogenized and used for the analysis of reduced glutathione, malonaldhyde, total antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxide antioxidant enzyme activities, apoptosis-related gene expression, and genotoxicity by comit test. The ingestion of TZ for 50 days resulted in significant decreases in body, and kidney weights in rats and a relative increase in the liver weight compared to control. In contrast, the ingestion of Nano-CUR with TZ remarkably upgraded the body weight and relative liver weight compared to the normal range in the control. Aditionally, TZ ingestion in rats increased the oxidative stress biomarkers lipid peroxide (LPO) and malonaldehyde (MDA) significantly, whereas it decreased the reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Similarly, the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) significantly deteriorated in response to TZ ingestion. Moreover, the results revealed a remarkable up-regulation in the level of expression for the three examined genes, including p⁵³, CASP-3, and CASP-9 in TZ-ingested rats compared to the control. On the other hand, the comet assay result indicates that the ingestion of TZ induced DNA damage in bone marrow. Notably, the administration of Nano-CUR protected the kidney and liver of TZ-ingested rats as evidenced by a significant elevation in all antioxidant activities of tested enzymes (i.e, SOD, GPx, and CAT), vital recovery in GSH and TAC levels, and a statistical decrease in LPO and MDA compared to TZ-ingested rats. Interestingly, the ingestion of rats with TZ modulates the observed up-regulation in the level of expression for the chosen genes, indicating the interfering role in the signaling transduction process of TZ-mediated poisoning. The results indicate that the administration of Nano-CUR may protect against TZ-induced DNA damage in bone marrow. According to the results, Nano-CUR exerted a potential protective effect against oxidative stress, DNA damage, and the up-regulation of apoptosis-related genes induced by TZ ingested to rats.     

大鼠单侧睾丸扭转对未扭转侧睾丸的影响及红花的保护作用

为探讨大鼠单侧睾丸扭转对未扭转侧睾丸生精功能的影响及红花对未扭转侧睾丸早期损伤的保护作用,将21只健康雄性青春期前SD大鼠随机均分为假手术对照组(A组,n=7)、睾丸扭转复位组(B组,n=7)和睾丸扭转复位+红花组(C组,n=7).按Turner法建立睾丸扭转模型,喂养至术后7 d时处死,即刻采集各组大鼠未扭转侧睾丸标...     

Protective effects of Ocimum sanctum on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats

The antioxidant effects of Ocimum sanctum in experimental streptozocin-induced diabetic rats was evaluated in this study. Streptozocin, 55?mg?kg(-1) body weight, was injected intraperitoneally once daily for 30 days to induce diabetes mellitus in rats. Streptozocin-induced diabetic rats were orally treated with an aqueous extract of O. sanctum once daily for 30 days. After the experimental period, thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS) and antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase were measured. Administration of O. sanctum to streptozocin-induced diabetic rats for 30 days significantly reduced the plasma level of TBARS and improved the status of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, SOD and glutathione peroxidase in vital organs such as the liver and kidney. These results confirmed that the Indian medicinal plant O. sanctum has a protective effect and it may be useful in controlling complications resulting from diabetes.     

Multifaceted Effects of Lycopene: A Boulevard to the Multitarget-Based Treatment for Cancer

Lycopene is a pigment belonging to the group of carotenoids and it is among the most carefully studied antioxidants found especially in fruit and vegetables. As a carotenoid, lycopene exerts beneficial effects on human health by protecting lipids, proteins, and DNA from damage by oxidation. Lycopene is a powerful oxygen inactivator in the singlet state. This is suggestive of the fact that lycopene harbors comparatively stronger antioxidant properties over other carotenoids normally present in plasma. Lycopene is also reported to hinder cancer cell proliferation. The uncontrolled, rapid division of cells is a characteristic of the metabolism of cancer cells. Evidently, lycopene causes a delay in the progression of the cell cycle, which explains its antitumor activity. Furthermore, lycopene can block cell transformation by reducing the loss of contact inhibition of cancer cells. This paper collects recent studies of scientific evidence that show the multiple beneficial properties of lycopene, which acts with different molecular and cellular mechanisms.     

Effect of fruit extract on renal stone formation and kidney injury in rats

This study investigated the effect of oral administration of Cactus fruit extracts on calcium oxalate deposition, malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in rat model. About 42 rats were used for the study. The animals were divided into seven groups. Control group maintained on regular rat food and drinking water throughout the study period, whereas in other groups nephrolithiasis was induced by ethylene glycol. Rats in kidney stone group were sacrificed after 28 days and all remaining groups after 58 days. Treatment groups were treated with 1 and 100 mg/kg of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Cactus fruit for 30 days. After treatment, SOD activity was increased and MDA was decreased significantly. CaOx depositions were decreased significantly, especially in ethanolic extract of Cactus fruit in high dose (100 mg/kg).     

Protective Effect of Polyphenols Extract of Adlay (<em>Coix lachryma-jobi </em>L. var<em>. ma-yuen Stapf</em>) on Hypercholesterolemia-Induced Oxidative Stress in Rats

The present study examines the effect of polyphenols extract of adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) (APE) on high cholesterol diet fed rats (HCD). APE was orally administrated by gavage at doses of 10, 40 and 200 mg total phenolics/kg body weight of rats once a day for 28 days. At the end of four weeks, serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and markers of oxidative stress viz., malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the serum and liver of HCD and normal rats were assessed and compared. The results showed that administration of APE was significantly effective in decreasing the serum levels of TC, LDL-C and MDA, increasing the serum level of HDL-C and antioxidant capacity. In addition, oral gavage of APE could also increase the antioxidant capacity, CAT and GSH-Px activities in liver. These results suggested that APE exerted a high hypocholesterolemic and antioxidant activities, which might be characterized by a protective effect on cardiovascular health in vivo.     

Protective Effect of Thymus serrulatus Essential Oil on Cadmium-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats,through Suppression of Oxidative Stress and Downregulation of NF-κB,iNOS, and Smad2 mRNA Expression

The purpose of the research was to examine the protective effect of essential oil from Thymus serrulatus Hochst. ex Benth. (TSA oil) against cadmium (Cd)-induced renal toxicity. The experimental protocol was designed using 30 healthy adult Wistar albino rats allocated into five groups containing six animals in each group. Group 1 was treated as normal control and groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 were treated with cadmium chloride (CdCl₂, 3 mg/kg, IP) for 7 days. Group 3 was also treated with silymarin (100 mg/kg, PO) as a standard group, while groups 4 and 5 were administered with TSA oil at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg PO, respectively. The nephrotoxicity was measured with various parameters such as kidney function markers, oxidative stress markers (glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA)), and messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels of inflammatory factors. The histological studies were also evaluated in the experimental protocol. The CdCl₂-treated groups showed a significant increase in the levels of serum kidney function markers along with MDA levels in kidney homogenate. However, renal GSH level was found to be reduced significantly. It was found that CdCl₂ significantly upregulated the nuclear factor levels of kappaB (NF-κB p65), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and small mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad2) as compared to the normal control group. On the other hand, TSA oil significantly improved the increased levels of serum kidney function markers, non-enzymatic antioxidants, and lipid peroxidation. In addition, TSA oil significantly downregulated the increased expression of NF-κB p65, iNOS, and Smad2 in Cd-intoxicated rats. Moreover, the histological changes in the tissue samples of the kidney of Cd-treated groups were significantly ameliorated in the silymarin- and TSA-oil-treated groups. The present study reveals that TSA oil ameliorates Cd-induced renal injury, and it is also proposed that the observed nephroprotective effect could be due to the antioxidant potential of TSA oil and healing due to its anti-inflammatory action.