新型磁性纳米固体酸催化剂ZrO2/Fe3O4的制备及表征

根据将磁性一材料和固体酸进行组装的设想，成功制备了磁性纳米固体酸催化剂。纳米级样性前体-磁基体(Fe3O4)的磁性、粒子尺寸受到Fe^2^+/Fe^3^+投料比和用于沉淀的NaOH浓度的显著影响；不同复合方法也对磁性固体酸催化剂ZrO2/Fe3O4的酯化催化性能影响显著。XRD，XPS，TEM，比表面积测定，元素组成分析及磁学性能测定等表征结果证实，新型催化剂以磁性材料为核，固体酸催化剂活性组分包覆在其外部形成包覆型的磁性纳米催化剂。该系列催化剂均具有较小的粒子尺寸、较强的磁性及较高的酯化催化活性；并且易于通过磁场进行回收，使用寿命较长。它们对乙酸与正丁醇酯化反应的催化活性随着ZrO2含量增加而提高。催化剂中ZrO2的晶化温度因为Fe3O4的存在而升高，有利于催化剂活性的保持，热处理温度会对催化剂的磁性及催化活性产生影响。     

磁性纳米固体酸催化剂Zr(SO_4)_2/Fe_3O_4的制备及催化性能研究

本文提出将磁性和固体酸进行组装从而合成磁性纳米固体酸催化剂的思路,首先制备了纳米级磁性前体一磁基体（Ｆｅ３Ｏ４）;然后筛选出超声波法制备了不同配比的磁性纳米固体酸催化剂Ｚｒ（ＳＯ４）２／Ｆｅ３Ｏ４,对其进行了初步表征。并将其作为乙酸丁酯合成反应的催化剂,酯化转化率最高达到８４％,利用其磁性即可将催化剂进行分离。     

磁性纳米固体酸SO42--TiO2-Fe3O4催化剂的合成、表征及催化性能的研究

首先研究制备了Fe3O4和SO42--TiO2固体酸催化剂,在此基础上采用共沉淀和浸渍的方法制备了磁性和超细SO42--TiO2-Fe3O4固体酸催化剂。利用XRD,TEM和FT-IR等分析测试手段对催化剂的结构和性能进行了表征。测定结果证实该催化剂具有较小的粒度,较高的磁性表现。在乙酸丁酯合成反应中SO42--TiO2-Fe3O4展示了很高的催化活性(酯化率可达82.7%),而且利用Fe3O4的磁性可对催化剂进行分离和回收.     

磁性超细固体酸催化剂SO2-4-ZrO2/Fe3O4的组装及表征

将磁性Fe3O4纳米材料和SO2-4-ZrO2固体酸进行组装,制得一系列具有磁性和超细粒子结构的固体酸催化剂SO2-4-ZrO2/Fe3O4. 采用XRD,TG-DTA和XPS等分析测试手段对催化剂的结构和性能进行了表征. 并分析和测试了催化剂的磁学性能、比表面积、粒度分布和元素的组成等物理化学性质. 该催化剂具有较小的粒度、较高的磁性及酯化催化活性,对乙酸丁酯合成反应的催化活性可达66%; 利用Fe3O4的磁性可对催化剂进行分离和回收. 经高温处理后,固体超强酸的形成对催化剂磁性、比表面积、表相原子的电子结合能以及各组分形态均有显著影响.     

磁性固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO2-Fe3O4的制备及表征

固体超强酸是近年来研制开发出的一类新型催化材料[1-4],其克服了传统液体酸催化剂易腐蚀设备、污染环境、副反应多、产物选择性低等缺点.尤其是近年来纳米技术的应用,使得纳米级固体超强酸的研究颇受人们的青睐.但纳米级固体超强酸催化剂在与液体产物的分离及回收中存在困难.为了进一步改良纳米固体超强酸的性能,本研究将磁基体Fe3O4与固体超强酸复合,制得磁性纳米固体超强酸SO42-/ TiO2 - Fe3O4,并对其结构和催化性能进行了表征.     

磁性纳米固体酸SO4^2ˉ-TiO2-Fe3O4催化剂的合成、表征及催化性能的研究

首先研究制备了Fe3O4和SO4^2ˉ-TiO2固体酸催化剂，在此基础上采用共沉淀和浸渍的方法制备了磁性和超细SO4^2ˉ-TiO2-Fe3O4固体酸催化剂。利用XRD，TEM和FT—IR等分析测试手段对催化剂的结构和性能进行了表征。测定结果证实该催化剂具有较小的粒度，较高的磁性表现。在乙酸丁酯合成反应中SO4^2ˉ-TiO2-Fe3O4展示了很高的催化活性（酯化率可达82．7％），而且利用Fe3O4的磁性可对催化剂进行分离和回收．     

磁性超细固体酸催化剂SO4^2——ZrO2／Fe3O4的组装及表征

将磁性Fe3O4纳米材料和SO4^2--ZrO2固体酸进行组装，制得一系列具有磁性和超细粒子结构的固体酸催化剂SO4^2--ZrO2/Fe3O4，采用XRD，TG－DTA和XPS等分析测试手段对催化剂的结构和性能进行了表征。并分析和测试了催化剂的磁学性能、比表面积、粒度分布和元素的组成等物理化学性质。该催化剂具有较小的粒度、较高的磁性及酯化催化活性，对乙酸丁酯合成反应的催化活性可达66％；利用Fe3O4的磁性可对催化剂进行分离和回收。经高温处理后，固体超强酸的形成对催化剂磁性、比表面积、表相原子的电子结合能以及各组分形态均有显著影响。     

磁性Fe3O4纳米晶的电化学制备及在线混凝过程研究

以铁片和碳纤维为电极,采用电化学法实现了磁性Fe3O4纳米晶混凝剂的快速制备、在线混凝和磁性过滤的预处理过程.采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等对磁性Fe3O4纳米晶进行了表征.结果表明,所制备的磁性Fe3O4纳米晶具有均匀的晶体尺寸,粒子尺寸分布在30~100 nm之间.利用Fe3O4纳米晶对高浊度高岭土悬浊液进行了混凝研究,并在外加磁场的作用下实现了絮凝体和水体的快速分离.结果证实电化学法磁混凝技术能够快速高效去除污水浊度,省去了机械过滤过程.理论研究结果表明,磁性Fe3O4纳米晶去除浊度的过程是电荷中和与沉淀卷扫共同作用的结果,而电荷中和过程发生是由于电化学制备Fe3O4纳米晶时表面电荷种类的均一性.     

磁性Fe3O4/石墨烯Photo-Fenton催化剂的制备及其催化活性

采用共沉淀法制备磁性Fe3O4/GE(石墨烯)催化剂,实现Fe3O4纳米颗粒生长和氧化石墨烯还原同步进行,采用FTIR、XRD、TEM及低温氮吸附-脱附等对Fe3O4/GE纳米催化剂的物相、颗粒粒径及比表面积进行了表征。在H2O2存在条件下,以亚甲基蓝为目标降解物,考察了在模拟太阳光下Fe3O4/GE的催化活性,当氧化石墨烯与Fe3O4的质量比为1∶10时,经过2 h催化反应,在pH=6条件下,对亚甲基蓝的降解率达到98.7%,经过10次循环使用后对染料溶液的降解率仍保持在95.7%以上,明显优于纯的Fe3O4。     

LaPO4∶Eu3+—Fe3O4光-磁复合材料的合成与性能研究

采用2步水热法合成了LaPO4∶Eu3+-Fe3O4复合材料.在LaPO4∶Eu3+-Fe3O4复合材料中,LaPO4∶Eu3+为单斜晶相,呈纳米棒状,纳米棒的直径和长度分别为20~100nm和0.2~1μm;Fe3O4为正交晶相、呈20~30nm的颗粒状,Fe3O4粒子紧紧附着在LaPO4∶Eu3+纳米棒的表面;样品的磁性和发光性质研究表明所合成的LaPO4∶Eu3+—Fe3O4复合材料既具有发光性质又具有磁性.     

Facile preparation of Fe-Y catalyst under water-free conditions for selective catalytic reduction of NO x by ammonia

A series of Fe-Y zeolite catalysts with different Fe loading were prepared by ferrocene sublimation under solvent and water-free conditions.The dispersion,structure and morphology of the iron species on the Fe-Y catalysts were characterized by XRD,TEM and UV-Vis.The catalytic activities of Fe-Y samples were measured in selective catalytic reduction of NO with ammonia(NH3-SCR).The results showed that the iron species on the HY zeolite support were mainly made up of isolated Fe3+ions,Fex Oy oligomers and a little amount of<3 nm spherical Fe2O3particles.Isolated Fe3+ions are predominating among all the Fe-Y catalysts.The sum of isolated Fe3+ions and Fex Oy oligomers took up more than 90%percent of total iron species on the Fe-Y till 10.0 wt%loading of Fe.     

磁性壳聚糖/Fe3O4/氧化石墨烯吸附剂的制备及其多染料吸附性能

为了提高壳聚糖的多染料吸附性能并使其便于固液分离,采用共沉淀法制备了壳聚糖、磁铁矿纳米颗粒、氧化石墨烯复合磁性吸附剂(CS/Fe₃O₄/GO)。系统的结构表征显示,CS包覆的Fe₃O₄磁性纳米颗粒均匀地分布在GO的表面。CS/Fe₃O₄/GO具有高达42.5 emu·g-1的室温铁磁性,因此可在外加磁场中实现高效固液分离。研究表明,CS/Fe₃O₄/GO对亚甲基蓝(MB)、甲基橙(MO)和刚果红(CR)等多种染料具有良好的吸附性能,溶液的pH、初始浓度和吸附时间对其多染料吸附性能具有显著影响。在最佳条件下,CS/Fe₃O₄/GO对MB、MO和CR的吸附量分别达到210.6、258.6和308.9 mg·g-1。CS/Fe₃O₄/GO具有优异的循环利用性能,经5次循环后仍能保留90%以上的原始吸附量。采用吸附等温线和吸附动力学对...     

One Step Preparation of Reduced Graphene Oxide/Pd–Fe3O4@Polypyrrole Composites and Their Application in Catalysis

The simple preparation of catalysts with superior catalytic activity and good reusability is highly desirable. Herein, we report a novel strategy to construct reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/Pd–Fe₃O₄@polypyrrole (PPy) catalysts with Pd and Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles anchored on a rGO nanosheet surface and wrapped in a PPy shell. The synthesis and assembly of both the Pd and Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, the preparation of the PPy layer, and the reduction of graphene oxide nanosheets were finished in one step. In the system, the PPy layer not only prevented aggregation of Pd and Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, but also generated a synergistic effect with precursor Pd²⁺ ions, which led to a high dispersity of as‐prepared Pd nanoparticles. Although the procedure was simplified to one step, the catalytic activity and reusability were not sacrificed. In the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol, their catalytic performance was better than that in recent reports. Moreover, the catalysts showed good reusability owing to their magnetic properties.     

Catalytic Hydrogenation of Acetic Acid to Acetaldehyde: Synergistic Effect of Bifunctional Co/Ce‐Fe Oxide Solid Solution Catalysts

The large‐scale industrial production of acetic acid (HAc) from carbonylation of methanol has enabled intense research interest from direct hydrogenation of HAc to acetaldehyde (AA). Herein, a series of cerium‐iron oxide solid solution supported metallic cobalt catalysts were prepared by modified sol‐gel method and were applied in gas‐phase hydrogenation of HAc to AA. A synergistic effect between the hydrogenation metal cobalt and Ce‐Fe oxide solid solution is revealed. Specifically, oxygen vacancies provide the active sites for adsorption of HAc, while highly uniformly dispersed metallic Co adsorbs H₂ and activates the reduction of HAc into AA. Moreover, the metallic Co can also assist the cyclical conversion between Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺ and Ce³⁺/Ce⁴⁺ on the surface of Ce_1‐xFe_xO_2‐δ supports. The unique effect substantially enhances the ability of the support material to rapidly capture oxygen atoms from HAc. It is found that the catalyst of 5% Co/Ce_0.8Fe_0.2O_2‐δ with the highest concentration of oxygen vacancy presents the best catalytic performance (i.e. acetaldehyde yield reaches 49.9%) under the optimal reaction conditions (i.e. 623 K and H₂ flow rate = 10 mL/min). This work indicates that the Co/Ce‐Fe oxide solid solution catalyst can be potentially used for the selective hydrogenation from HAc to AA. The synergy between the metallic Co and Ce_1‐xFe_xO_2‐δ revealed can be extended to the design of other composite catalysts.     

磁性壳聚糖/Fe3O4/氧化石墨烯吸附剂的制备及其多染料吸附性能

为了提高壳聚糖的多染料吸附性能并使其便于固液分离,采用共沉淀法制备了壳聚糖、磁铁矿纳米颗粒、氧化石墨烯复合磁性吸附剂(CS/Fe₃O₄/GO)。系统的结构表征显示,CS包覆的Fe₃O₄磁性纳米颗粒均匀地分布在GO的表面。CS/Fe₃O₄/GO具有高达42.5 emu·g^-1的室温铁磁性,因此可在外加磁场中实现高效固液分离。研究表明,CS/Fe₃O₄/GO对亚甲基蓝(MB)、甲基橙(MO)和刚果红(CR)等多种染料具有良好的吸附性能,溶液的pH、初始浓度和吸附时间对其多染料吸附性能具有显著影响。在最佳条件下,CS/Fe₃O₄/GO对MB、MO和CR的吸附量分别达到210.6、258.6和308.9 mg·g^-1。CS/Fe₃O₄/GO具有优异的循环利用性能,经5次循环后仍能保留90%以上的原始吸附量。采用吸附等温线和吸附动力学对CS/Fe₃O₄/GO的多染料吸附性能进行了拟合分析,并详细讨论了其吸附机理。     

Preparation and Characterization of Fe3O4/Ethiodized‐oil Magnetic Fluids Used in Arterial Embolization Hyperthermia

Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by the co‐precipitation of Fe³⁺ and Fe²⁺ with ammonium hydroxide, and were modified by four different surfactants. The modified Fe₃O₄ NPs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and vibrating sample magnetometer. Then, the modified Fe₃O₄ NPs were dispersed in ethiodized‐oil by mechanical agitation and ultrasonic vibration to obtain stable Fe₃O₄/ethiodized‐oil magnetic fluids (MFs). The magnetic properties and rheological properties of the MFs were measured using a Gouy magnetic balance and a rotational rheometer, respectively. The saturation magnetization of the Fe₃O₄ modified by oleic acid was 52.1 emu/g. Furthermore, the result showed that the inductive heating effect of oleic acid stabilized Fe₃O₄/ethiodized‐oil MF was remarkable and it only took 650 s for the temperature rising from 25°C to 65°C. The specific absorption rate of the MF was 50.16 W/(g of Fe). It had a potential application in arterial embolization hyperthermia.     

Role of Iron Carbonyls in the Inhibition of Oxygen Activation for the Oxidation of CO Catalyzed by Iron Oxide‐Supported Gold

Iron oxide‐supported gold samples were prepared by co‐precipitation from HAuCl₄ and Fe(NO₃)₃. The activities of the samples as CO oxidation catalysts were tested without thermal treatment and following treatments in flows of He and O₂ at various temperatures. It was found that the untreated samples and those treated in a flow of He at 150 °C were more active than samples that had been treated at 400 °C in either a flow of O₂ or of He. Infrared spectra recorded during CO oxidation catalysis indicate the presence of bonded CO molecules to cationic gold on all samples, whereas spectra of the least active catalysts indicate a predominant presence of Fe²⁺ carbonyls, which were highly stable under the conditions of our experiments. Our results indicate that in the least active samples the Fe²⁺‐bound CO blocks sites that would otherwise be available for oxygen activation.     

Mixed‐Metal MIL‐100(Sc,M) (M=Al,Cr, Fe) for Lewis Acid Catalysis and Tandem CC Bond Formation and Alcohol Oxidation

The trivalent metal cations Al³⁺, Cr³⁺, and Fe³⁺ were each introduced, together with Sc³⁺, into MIL‐100(Sc,M) solid solutions (M=Al, Cr, Fe) by direct synthesis. The substitution has been confirmed by powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) and solid‐state NMR, UV/Vis, and X‐ray absorption (XAS) spectroscopy. Mixed Sc/Fe MIL‐100 samples were prepared in which part of the Fe is present as α‐Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles within the mesoporous cages of the MOF, as shown by XAS, TGA, and PXRD. The catalytic activity of the mixed‐metal catalysts in Lewis acid catalysed Friedel–Crafts additions increases with the amount of Sc present, with the attenuating effect of the second metal decreasing in the order Al>Fe>Cr. Mixed‐metal Sc,Fe materials give acceptable activity: 40 % Fe incorporation only results in a 20 % decrease in activity over the same reaction time and pure product can still be obtained and filtered off after extended reaction times. Supported α‐Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles were also active Lewis acid species, although less active than Sc³⁺ in trimer sites. The incorporation of Fe³⁺ into MIL‐100(Sc) imparts activity for oxidation catalysis and tandem catalytic processes (Lewis acid+oxidation) that make use of both catalytically active framework Sc³⁺ and Fe³⁺. A procedure for using these mixed‐metal heterogeneous catalysts has been developed for making ketones from (hetero)aromatics and a hemiacetal.     

Study of Fe-doped V<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>5</Subscript>/TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> catalyst for an enhanced NH<Subscript>3</Subscript>-SCR in diesel exhaust aftertreatment

Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) with ammonia has been considered as the most promising technology, as its effect deals with the NO_X. Novel Fe-doped V₂O₅/TiO₂ catalysts were prepared by sol–gel and impregnation methods. The effects of iron content and reaction temperature on the catalyst SCR reaction activity were explored by a test device, the results of which revealed that catalysts could exhibit the best catalytic activity when the iron mass ratio was 0.05%. It further proved that the VTiFe (0.05%) catalyst performed the best in denitration and its NO_X conversion reached 99.5% at 270 °C. The outcome of experimental procedures: Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area, X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, temperature-programmed reduction and adsorption (H₂-TPR, NH₃-TPD) techniques showed that the iron existed in the form of Fe³⁺ and Fe²⁺ and the superior catalytic performance was attributed to the highly dispersed active species, lots of surface acid sites and absorbed oxygen. The modified Fe-doped catalysts do not only have terrific SCR activities, but also a rather broad range of active temperature which also enhances the resistance to SO₂ and H₂O.