Classification of commercial wines from the Canary Islands (Spain) by chemometric techniques using metallic contents

Eleven elements, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Sr, Li and Rb, were determined in dry and sweet wines bearing the denominations of origin of El Hierro, La Palma and Lanzarote islands (Canary Islands, Spain). Analyses were performed by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry, with the exceptions of lithium and rubidium for which flame atomic emission spectrophotometry was used. Sweet wines from La Palma were elaborated as naturally sweet with over-ripe grapes and significant differences were found in all the analysed elements with the exceptions of sodium, iron and rubidium with regard to dry wines from the same island. Contrarily, sweet wines from Lanzarote elaborated with grapes in a similar ripening state to dry wines did not present significant differences between them with the exception of strontium, the content of which was greater in dry wines. Among the three islands, significant differences in mean content were found with the exceptions of iron and copper. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis show differences in wines according to the island of origin and the ripening state of the grapes. Linear discriminant analysis using rubidium, sodium, manganese and strontium, the four most discriminant elements, gave 100% recognition ability and 95.6% prediction ability. The sensitivity and specificity obtained using soft independent modelling of class analogy (SIMCA) as a modelling multivariate technique were both 100% for El Hierro and Lanzarote, and 100 and 95%, respectively, for La Palma. The modelling and discriminant capacities of the different metals were also studied.     

原子吸收光谱法测定野生及养殖灵芝中10种元素含量

采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了养殖及野生灵芝中的铜、钠、铁、钾、镁、钙、锰、锌、锶、铅元素含量。结果表明,野生灵芝和养殖灵芝中均含有较高的钾,其中野生灵芝中铜、钙、锶、锌含量较高,养殖灵芝中钠、铁、镁、锰含量较高。可为探讨野生灵芝与养殖灵芝中含量及其疗效的关联性等提供科学依据。     

秦巴山区钮子根茎、叶中微量元素的研究

为研究秦巴山区钮子根茎、叶中微量元素的含量,采用微波消解的方法处理样品,用火焰原子吸收分光光度法分别测定了其K、Na、Mg、Fe、Cu、Mn、Zn、Co、Ni、Pd 10种金属元素的含量,确立了样品消解试剂、微波消解条件,并对样品进行了精密度和回收率试验。结果表明,相对标准偏差在0.772 8%~6.813 7%之间,回收率在94.0%~109.9%之间,钮子根茎、叶中均含有丰富的K、Na、Mg、Fe、Cu、Mn、Zn等金属元素,Co、Ni等有益微量元素的含量次之,Pd的含量最低。     

不同杏李品种果实中微量元素含量的测定

用HNO3-HClO4混合酸液消解样品,采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了恐龙蛋、味王、味厚和风味皇后4个杏李品种果实中K,Mg,Ca,Na,Zn,Fe,Cu和Mn 8种元素的含量。结果表明,各元素在实验范围内,线性关系良好,回收率在98％～104％之间,结果较为满意。测定结果表明,4个杏李品种果实中均含有丰富的K,Mg,Ca,Zn等人体必需的生命元素,说明杏李果实具有较高的营养价值。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定黄花菜根中微量元素含量

采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了黄花菜根中Ca、Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn、K和Mg 7种金属元素含量.结果表明,在常量元素中K、Ca含量较高,微量元素中Fe、Cu含量较高,7种金属元素含量由高到低顺序分别为:K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn.加样回收率为98.75％～106.25％,该法操作简单、结果准确,是黄花菜根中...     

Multielement analysis of green coffee and its possible use for the determination of origin

Using instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS), flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) and combustion elemental analysis, green coffees of the Arabica species produced in crop year 1987/88 in Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panamá and Papua New Guinea were analysed for the elements Ba, Br, C, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Cs, Fe, H, K, La, Mg, Mn, N, Na, Rb, Sc, Sr and Zn. In accordance with the concentrations determined, the elements could be ranked into five groups: Sc (sub-ppb level); Br, Co, Cr, Cs and La (ppb level); Ba, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, Rb, Sr and Zn (ppm level); Ca and Mg (%o level); and C, H, K and N (% level). On the basis of the results obtained, an attempt was made to establish the origin of the green coffee via its elemental composition. Among the investigated elements, manganese was found to be best suited as an indicator for this purpose. However, the elements C, Co, Cs, Na and Rb proved to be of interest too.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法结合化学计量学分析比较6种松针中无机元素的含量

摘 要 为研究甘肃地区松针中无机元素的含量,探究不同品种松针中无机元素的差异,采用HNO3(65%)对松针样品进行微波消解,电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定甘肃两地区6种松针中28种无机元素的含量,结合主成分分析以及偏最小二乘判别分析对松针地区差异进行判别;结果显示松针中无机元素含量丰富,其中Na、Mg、Al、K、Ca、Fe、Zn、Mn、Sr等元素在不同品种松针中均有较高含量,主成分分析结果显示共有7个主成分,累积贡献率达到92.58%,偏最小二乘判别分析显示两地区6种松针在地区上可被明显分开,其中Mg、Fe、Zn、Mn、Sr、K 6种元素为造成地区差异的主要元素。实验结果表明松针中元素种类丰富,人体必需微量元素含量较高,且不同地区松针在地区上具有一定的一致性和特异性。     

列车员发中微量元素的测定及与消化疾病关系的研究

分析了人体内微量元素的含量及有消化系统疾患者的微量元素变化。最枕后根部头发进行湿法消化,用原子吸收仪测定K、Ca、Fe、Na、Zn、Mg、Mn含量男女间差异有显著性,其中女性K低于男性,其余四种元素含量女性高于男性。男列车员有消化系统疾患者与对照组比较,Zn减少,Mn增加,差异有显著性。可认为列车员职业不影响人体内微量元素水平。     

不同月份栽培藏木香微量元素的含量测定及动态分析

采用火焰原子吸收光谱法对不同月份栽培藏木香中Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、Ca、K、Mg和Na8种微量元素进行了分析测定。结果表明,在选定的测定条件下,栽培藏木香中各元素间相互干扰小,对测定无明显影响。方法的标准曲线线性关系良好(r=0.997 3~0.999 9),方法回收率(n=7)在97.5%~100.3%之间,RSD值(n=7)在1.16%~2.76%之间。栽培藏木香中K、Ca、Mg含量较高且不同月份微量元素含量有所不同,其中Zn、Cu、Mn含量基本稳定;K、Na、Ca、Mg、Fe等元素含量呈现较大幅度的变化趋势。研究结果为合理利用藏木香资源提供了可靠依据。     

不同产地杜仲叶中金属元素的含量及其变化趋势分析

采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了陕西杨凌、陕西安康和河南灵宝产杜仲叶中Fe、Cu、Mg、Ca、Mn、Zn 6种金属元素的含量,并对其含量的变化趋势进行了分析比较.结果表明,杜仲叶中含有丰富的人体必需金属元素,且不同产地来源的样品中金属元素的含量有明显差异,其中尤以Fe、Zn、Mn和Mg含量差异最大,Cu和Ca的差异不明显....     

Summary of preparation and homogeneity characterization of ten agricultural food reference materials for elemental composition

Summary Preparation and development has been completed of ten agricultural/food reference materials (RMs): bovine muscle powder, corn starch, hard red spring wheat flour, soft winter wheat flour, whole milk powder, wheat gluten, corn bran, durum wheat flour, whole egg powder and microcrystalline cellulose. Homogeneity tests for 14 elements, Al, Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sr and Zn were performed by the initiating laboratories by application of precise and reliable analytical methods based on flame atomic absorption spectrometry and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. An extensive set of analytical results obtained from the interlaboratory cooperative characterization campaign was assessed to provide homogeneity estimates for other elements. Estimates of homogeneity from within-laboratory precision indicated that all materials exhibited acceptable homogeneity for virtually all 29 elements (Al, As, B, Ba, Br, Ca, Cd, Cl, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, I, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, N, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, S, Se, Sr, V, Zn) for which best estimate concentration values are available. Two thirds of all homogeneity coefficients of variation were below 5%.     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定红松松针中微量元素含量

采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了长白山红松松针中K、Ca、Mg、Zn、Cu、Fe和Mn 7种金属元素含量。结果表明,在常量元素中K、Ca含量较高,微量元素中Fe、Zn含量较高,7种金属元素含量由高到低顺序分别为:K、Ca、Fe、Mg、Zn、Mn、Cu。可见松针中含有丰富的与健康密切相关的微量元素,具有较高的食用和药用价值。     

白族长寿地区硬果仁中19种元素的测定分析

用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP－AES）,对云南省白族长寿区的葵花子仁、麻子仁和核桃仁中的Ca、Mg、P、S、Na、AI、B、Fe、Zn、Cu、Mo、Sr、Mn、Cr、Se、Ge、Cd、Pb、As等19种元素进行了测定分析。结果表明,3种硬果仁中含有丰富的人体必需的Ca、Mg、P、S、Na、Fe、Zn、Mn、Se、Cu、Cr、Sr、Mo等有益元素,且P、Mg、S、Ca、Na、Zn、Mn、Fe、Se的含量较高。这些生命元素在3种硬果仁中的含量存在差异。有害元素Cd、Pb均未检出,核桃仁中As含量较高。硬果仁中富含这些生命元素是该地区老人健康长寿的一个重要原因。     

Preparation and homogeneity characterization of ten agricultural/food reference materials for elemental composition

Summary Ten agricultural/food reference materials (RM): bovine muscle powder, corn starch, hard red spring wheat flour, soft winter wheat flour, whole milk powder, wheat gluten, corn bran, Durum wheat flour, whole egg powder and microcystalline cellulose, were prepared by milling, irradiation, sieving, blending and packaging procedures. Homogeneity tests for 14 elements in randomly selected units were performed by the initiating laboratories by application of various analytical methods. Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Sr and Zn were determined by acid digestion flame atomic absorption spectrometry, and Cd, Co, Ni and Pb using acid digestion graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry after separation/preconcentration of the analytes by co-precipitation. In addition, the extensive set of analytical results obtained from the interlaboratory cooperative characterization campaign was assessed to provide homogeneity estimates for other elements. Measures of homogeneity were estimated from the within-laboratory precision from the more precise laboratories. All materials exhibited acceptable homogeneity for virtually all 29 elements (Al, As, B, Ba, Br, Ca, Cd, Cl, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, I, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, N, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, S, Se, Sr, V, Zn) for which best estimate concentration values were available, an essential pre-requisite in establishing reference values for these materials. Sixty-two percent of all homogeneity coefficients of variation (CV) were below 5%, with Br, Ca, Cl, Mg, Na, P, Zn and especially K and N exhibiting very high homogeneity CV less than 1% in some cases.Contribution no. 92–148 from Centre for Land and Biological Resources Research     

Multi-element analysis of manganese nodules by atomic absorption spectrometry without chemical separation

Five manganese nodules, including the USGS reference nodules A-1 and P-1, were analyzed for Co, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni and Zn without prior chemical separation by using a simultaneous multi-element atomic absorption spectrometer with an air—cetylene flame. The nodules were prepared in three digestion matrices. One of these solutions was measured using sixteen different combinations of burner height and air/acetylene ratios. Results for A-1 and P-1 are compared to recommended values and results for all nodules are compared to those obtained with an inductively coupled plasma. The elements Co, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, and Zn are simultaneously determined with a composite recovery for all elements of 100 ± 7%, independent of the digestion matrices, heights in the flame, or flame stoichiometries examined. Individual recoveries for Co, K, and Ni are considerably poorer in two digests than this composite figure, however. The optimum individual recoveries of 100 ± 5% and imprecisions of 1–4%, except for zinc, are obtained when Co, K, Mn, Na and Ni are determined simultaneously in a concentrated digest, and in another analytical sequence, when Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn and Zn are measured simultaneously after dilution. Determination of manganese is equally accurate in the two sequences; its measurement in both assures internal consistency between the two measurement sequences. This approach improves analytical efficiency over that for conventional atomic absorption methods, while minimizing loss of accuracy or precision for individual elements.     

Feature extraction and selection from volatile compounds for analytical classification of Chinese red wines from different varieties

This work was undertaken to evaluate whether it is possible to determine the variety of a Chinese wine on the basis of its volatile compounds, and to investigate if discrimination models could be developed with the experimental wines that could be used for the commercial ones. A headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatographic (HS-SPME-GC) procedure was used to determine the volatile compounds and a blind analysis based on Ac/Ais (peak area of volatile compound/peak area of internal standard) was carried out for statistical purposes. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA), principal component analysis (PCA) and stepwise linear discriminant analysis (SLDA) were used to process data and to develop discriminant models. Only 11 peaks enabled to differentiate and classify the experimental wines. SLDA allowed 100% recognition ability for three grape varieties, 100% prediction ability for Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Gernischt wines, but only 92.31% for Merlot wines. A more valid and robust way was to use the PCA scores to do the discriminant analysis. When we performed SLDA this way, 100% recognition ability and 100% prediction ability were obtained. At last, 11 peaks which selected by SLDA from raw analysis set had been identified. When we demonstrated the models using commercial wines, the models showed 100% recognition ability for the wines collected directly from winery and without ageing, but only 65% for the others. Therefore, the varietal factor was currently discredited as a differentiating parameter for commercial wines in China. Nevertheless, this method could be applied as a screening tool and as a complement to other methods for grape base liquors which do not need ageing and blending procedures.     

高压密封消解FAAS法分析5种冬青科苦丁茶嫩芽中无机元素及其分布

采集5种冬青科苦丁茶嫩芽样品,经高压密封消解,用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定Ca、Mg、Mn、Fe、Zn的含量。结果表明,在优化的测定条件下,Ca、Mg、Mn、Fe、Zn的回收率为90.1%~105.4%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.35%~3.78%(n=5)。用该方法对茶叶标准参考物(GBW 10016)进行了测定,测定结果与标准值相符合。5种冬青科苦丁茶嫩芽中所测元素的含量存在差异,但其总体分布具有一定的相似性,其中苦丁茶冬青嫩芽中Ca和Zn较高。