调味品中氯丙醇的GC/ECD和GC/MS/MS衍生化检测方法研究及应用

报道了调味品中氯丙醇的衍生化气相色谱(GC／ECD)和衍生化气相色谱双串联质谱法(GC／MS／MS)测定。GC／ECD测定酱油中3—氯—1，2—丙二醇(3—MCPD)的检出限达到0．01mg／kg，回收率为91％～104％，变异系数为2．27％～7．96％；GC／MS／MS同时测定酱油中1，3—二氯—2—丙醇、2，3—二氯—1—丙醇和3—氯—1，2—丙二醇，1，3—二氯—2—丙醇、2，3—二氯—1—丙醇的检出限为0．02mg／kg，3—氯—1，2—丙二醇的检出限为0．01mg／kg，回收率在92％～106％，变异系数为3．51％～13．33％。     

在线凝胶渗透色谱-气相色谱-串联质谱非衍生化法测定食品中氯丙醇

建立了食品中氯丙醇类化合物的非衍生化在线凝胶渗透色谱-气相色谱-串联质谱(Online GPC-GCMS/MS)测定方法,目标化合物包括3-氯-1,2-丙二醇(3-MCPD)、2-氯-1,3-丙二醇(2-MCPD)、1,3-二氯-2-丙醇(1,3-DCP)和2,3-二氯-1-丙醇(2,3-DCP).样品中加入氘代同位素内标后,采用ExtrelutTM NT硅藻土进行固相支持液液萃取净化,用正己烷淋洗去除非极性杂质,以乙酸乙酯萃取目标物,萃取液经浓缩后直接采用Online GPC-GC-MS/MS测定.4种氯丙醇在0.005～1.000 mg/L范围内呈良好线性,相关系数均大于0.999,4种氯丙醇的检出限在0.002～ 0.005 mg/kg之间,定量限在0.005～0.01 mg/kg之间.以空白酱油样品为代表性基质的3个水平(0.02,0.1和0.5 mg/kg)的加标回收率和相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)分别为94.8％～106.3％ (2.2％ ～ 10.3％),91.8％～108.8％(2.1％～10.6％)和83.1％ ～109.4％(1.3％～9.4％).采用本方法分别对酱油、水解植物蛋白液(粉)、料酒、鸡精、面包和糕点样品进行检测,均得到了满意的测定结果.     

气相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定调味品中3种氯丙醇

建立了气相色谱-串联质谱同时测定调味品中1,3-二氯-2-丙醇(1,3-DCP)、2,3-二氯-1-丙醇(2,3-DCP)和3-氯-1,2-丙二醇(3-MCPD)的分析方法。优化了样品前处理方法及GC-MS/MS分析条件,结果显示,样品经硅藻土净化,正己烷-乙醚(5∶5)洗脱,三氟乙酸酐衍生化后,在GC-MS/MS多反应监测模式(MRM)下测定,3种氯丙醇在0.001～10 mg/L范围内呈良好线性,相关系数分别为0.999 8、0.999 6和0.999 7;检出限(S/N=3)均为0.000 5 mg/kg,加标回收率为88%～97%。该方法简便、快速、溶剂用量少、衍生化试剂价廉易得,且能消除调味品中复杂基质的干扰,结果准确可靠、灵敏度高,适用于调味品中3种氯丙醇的同时测定。     

酱油中3-氯-1,2-丙二醇的气相色谱-质谱分析

建立测定酱油中的痕量3-氯-1，2-丙二醇（3-MCPD）的方法。用PR小柱预分离试样，用苯基硼酸作为衍生化试剂，气相色谱-质谱联用测定。其线性范围为0.001-10mg/kg；相对标准偏差为1.5％；检测下限为0.001mg/kg。该方法已成功应用于酱油中痕量3-MCPD的检测。     

超声萃取–气相色谱–质谱法同时测定皮革制品中11种氯甲苯类化合物

建立了皮革制品中2-一氯甲苯、3-一氯甲苯、4-一氯甲苯、2,4-二氯甲苯、2,5-二氯甲苯、2,6-二氯甲苯、2,3-二氯甲苯、3,4-二氯甲苯、2,3,6-三氯甲苯、2,4,5-三氯甲苯、五氯甲苯等11种氯甲苯类化合物的超声萃取–气相色谱–质谱分析方法。样品用二氯甲烷溶液超声提取,提取溶液直接进气相色谱–质谱联用仪进行分析,以2,4,5,6-四氯间二甲基苯酚为内标物,内标法定量。11种氯甲苯类化合物的线性范围为0.1~2.0μg/m L,相关系数(r~2)不小于0.999 1,方法的定量限为0.1 mg/kg,加标回收率在79.7%~104.1%之间,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于8.0%(n=6)。该方法快速、简便,定性定量准确,灵敏度高,适用于皮革制品中11种氯甲苯类化合物含量的日常检测。     

气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱法测定油脂类食品中氯丙醇酯

建立一种气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)法检测油脂类食品中氯丙醇酯的分析方法。样品提取脂肪后,取脂肪加内标并经甲醇钠水解,氯丙醇酯被水解为游离态的氯丙醇,水解液经酸中和后,用基质分散固相萃取柱净化,乙醚洗脱液脱水浓缩,用七氟丁酰基咪唑进行衍生,GC-MS/MS进样分析。质谱采用多反应监测模式(MRM)分析,2种一氯丙二醇酯,2种二氯丙醇酯,分别使用其相应的氘代标记的氯丙醇酯和氘代标记的二氯丙醇作为定量内标。所有氯丙醇酯衍生物都通过两个独立的MRM离子对进行检测,均在16min内流出,分离良好,线性范围为5~350ng,相关系数r均在0.99以上,低、高二种浓度加标回收率在87.6%~106.4%之间,相对标准偏差在3.28%~8.83%范围,检出限(S/N≥3)为0.002~0.006mg/kg。     

微乳电动毛细管色谱法分离检测酱油中的氯丙醇

建立了微乳电动毛细管色谱分离3种氯丙醇的方法。以十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)作为表面活性剂,系统考察了pH值、缓冲溶液类型和浓度、SDS浓度、助表面活性剂浓度、油相浓度、温度和运行电压对3-氯-1,2-丙二醇(3-MCPD),1,3-二氯-2-丙醇(1,3-DCP),2,3-二氯-1-丙醇(2,3-DCP)分离的影响。结果表明,最佳微乳缓冲液为1%(V/V)正庚烷,100 mmol/L SDS,10%(V/V)正丁醇和8 mmol/L磷酸二氢钠-硼砂溶液(pH 8.50),检测波长为192 nm,温度20℃,分离电压为15 kV。3种氯丙醇的线性范围为2.0×10-6～3.2×10-5 mol/L,相关系数大于0.996,检出限(S/N=3)为0.95～1.9μmol/L。酱油样品经乙醚液液萃取,萃取平均回收率为93.2%～103.0%,相对标准偏差小于6.5%。本方法应用于实际样品和加标后样品中三氯丙醇的检测,结果满意。     

固相萃取-气相色谱/负化学电离-质谱法测定酸水解植物蛋白及酱油中的3-氯-1,2-丙二醇

建立了酸水解植物蛋白及酱油中3-氯-1,2-丙二醇(3-MCPD)的固相萃取-气相色谱/质谱测定方法。样品经Aoisa-HBL固相萃取柱萃取,正己烷-乙酸乙酯净化提取,七氟丁酰咪唑衍生,衍生物经气相色谱/负化学电离-质谱（GC/NCI-MS）选择离子模式(SIM)检测,外标法定量。3-MCPD的定量检测限为0.5 μg/kg,平均回收率为92.2%～97.4%,相对标准偏差为3.6%～10.9%。该方法检测灵敏度高,定性定量准确。     

GC-MS法分析S-环氧氯丙烷制备过程副产物的组成

利用GC-MS法对Salen催化水解拆分法制备S-环氧氯丙烷过程中所得副产物的组成进行了分析，结果表明，副产物有1，3-二氯-2-丙醇、3-氯-1，2-丙二醇，缩水甘油、1-羟基-2-丙酮、2，3-二氯-1-丙醇及2，3-二氯-1-丙醇乙酸酯等化合物，其中主要的水解副产物为1，3-二氯-2-丙醇和3-氯-1，2-丙二醇。     

同位素稀释气相色谱-谱法快速测定酱油中3-氯-，2-二醇量

采用同位素稀释气相色谱－质谱联用（GC－MS）法，快速测定酱油中3－氯－1，2-丙二醇（3-MCPD）的含量。试样中加入3－氯－1，2-丙二醇的氘代同位素作为内标，经超声混匀后加入到自行填装的弗罗里硅土柱中，以乙醚洗脱，洗脱液经氮气吹干后在正己烷溶剂中进行衍生化，衍生化试剂采用七氟丁酰咪唑。GC-MS采用选择离子监测（SIM）模式进行定性定量分析。结果表明，本方法的添加回收率为95．0％－101．0％；相对标准偏差为3．2％～4．8％；检出限达到0．010mg／kg。本方法步骤简单，溶剂用量少，定性定量准确可靠。可快速测定酱油等调味品中3－氯－1，2-丙二醇的含量。     

气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱法同时测定调味品中的氨基甲酸乙酯和氯丙醇

建立了气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)同时测定调味品中氨基甲酸乙酯(EC)和氯丙醇(3-氯-1,2-丙二醇(3-MCPD)和2-氯-1,3-丙二醇(2-MCPD))的方法。样品添加同位素内标后,采用Extrelut^TM NT有机硅藻土填料进行基质固相分散萃取,先用正己烷淋洗除杂,再用乙酸乙酯-乙醚(20:80, v/v)混合溶剂洗脱被测物,洗脱液经浓缩后采用GC-MS/MS多反应监测(MRM)模式测定。EC、3-MCPD和2-MCPD的方法检出限依次为2、5和5 μg/kg,线性范围依次为5~1000 μg/kg(r=0.9997)、10~1000 μg/kg(r=0.9991)和10~1000 μg/kg(r=0.9995)。酱油、料酒(黄酒)、沙拉酱和方便面调味料4种基体中在20、100和400 μg/kg 3个水平加标测定的平均回收率和相对标准偏差(RSD,n=7)范围分别为EC: 87.7%~104%(RSD为4.3%~10.7%)、3-MCPD: 90.1%~109%(RSD为2.6%~10.2%)、2-MCPD: 90.9%~103%(RSD为3.0%~9.5%)。在部分酱油、料酒和方便面调味料中同时检测到了EC、3-MCPD和2-MCPD,在部分沙拉酱中检测到了EC或3-MCPD。该法准确、快速,适用于调味品中EC、3-MCPD和2-MCPD的同时检测。     

Sensitive method for the determination of 1,3-dichloropropan-2-ol and 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol in soy sauce by capillary gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection

This paper reports the development of a highly selective and sensitive method for the determination of parts-per-billion level of 1,3-dichloropropan-2-ol (1,3-DCP) and 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) in soy sauce using capillary gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. Samples were homogenised, mixed with sodium chloride solution and then adsorbed on silica gel. The loaded silica gel was packed into a chromatographic column, from which chloropropanols were extracted by elution with ethyl acetate. Heptafluorobutyric acid anhydride was added to the concentrated eluant to derivatise the chloropropanols and the derivatised analytes were separated by gas chromatography, identified and quantified by mass spectrometry. A linear relationship between the concentration of the two chloropropanols and the detector response was obtained over the concentration range of 10-1000 microg/kg. Precision of the method was satisfactory at about 5%, and recoveries of 1,3-DCP and 3-MCPD from soy sauce samples spiked at 25 microg/kg were 77 and 98%, respectively. The limit of quantitation of the method was found to be about 5 microg/kg for 1,3-DCP and 3-MCPD, respectively meeting the requirements of tolerance limits adopted by different international institutions and governments around the world. This paper is the first of its kind in reporting an analytical procedure for the simultaneous separation and determination of 3-MCPD and 1,3-DCP, a more potent contaminant, at low microg/kg level.     

同位素稀释-气相色谱-质谱法测定食用植物油中总氯丙醇脂肪酸酯

建立了食用植物油中总氯丙醇脂肪酸酯(氯丙醇酯)的同位素稀释-气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)检测方法。样品经甲醇钠-甲醇溶液水解,硅藻土小柱净化,七氟丁酰咪唑(HFBI)衍生后,GC-MS 检测,同位素内标法定量。3-MCPD 酯、2-MCPD 酯、1,3-DCP 酯和2,3-DCP 酯在0.050~2.000 mg/ L 浓度范围内,均呈良好线性相关,相关系数(R)均大于0.9995。3-MCPD 酯、2-MCPD 酯、1,3-DCP 酯和2,3-DCP 酯的检出限分别为0.015,0.015,0.030和0.030 mg/ kg,定量限分别为0.050,0.050,0.100和0.100 mg/ kg。以空白特级初榨橄榄油为空白基质的加标回收实验的平均回收率为87.0%~110.5%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于10.1%。在74份食用植物油样品中,3-MCPD 酯、2-MCPD 酯和1,3-DCP 酯的检出率分别为94.6%,63.5%和5.4%,未检出2,3-DCP 酯;3-MCPD 酯、2-MCPD 酯和1,3-DCP 酯的含量分别在未检出(ND)~10.646 mg/ kg、ND ~3.617 mg/ kg 和ND ~0.089 mg/ kg 之间。本方法简便、准确、可靠,适用于食用植物油中总氯丙醇酯的测定。     

A Novel Derivatization Method Coupled with GC–MS for the Simultaneous Determination of Chloropropanols

A sensitive and rapid derivatization method for the simultaneous determination of chloropropanols [1,3-dichloropropan-2-ol (1,3-DCP), 2,3-dichloropropan-1-ol (2,3-DCP) and 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD)] has been developed. The three chloropropanols were silylated with 1-trimethylsilylimidazole and then determined by GC–MS. n-Undecane was used as the internal standard. The limits of detection (LOD) were 0.20, 0.10, 0.14 μg kg^?1 for 1,3-DCP, 2,3-DCP and 3-MCPD, respectively. The three compounds behaved >0.999 of linearity and satisfactory precision with the relative standard deviation (RSD) <10%. The excellent validation data suggested that this method was more effective than heptafluorobutyrylimidazole derivatization, and 1-trimethylsilylimidazole was considered as a promising silylating reagent to be widely applied to measurements of chloropropanols in real samples.     

Determination of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol and 3-chloro-1,2-propandiol in soy sauce by headspace derivatization solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

This study proposes a method for identifying 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol and 3-chloro-1,2-propandiol in aqueous matrices by using headspace on-fiber derivatization following solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The optimized SPME experimental procedures for extracting 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol and 3-chloro-1,2-propandiol in aqueous solutions involved a 85 μm polyacrylate-coated fiber at pH 6, a sodium chloride concentration of 0.36 g mL⁻¹, extraction at 50 °C for 15 min and desorption of analytes at 260 °C for 3 min. Headspace derivatization was conducted in a laboratory-made design with N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)-trifluoroacetamide vapor following solid-phase microextraction by using 3 μL N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)-trifluoroacetamide at an oil bath temperature of 230 °C for 40 s. This method had good repeatability (R.S.D.s ≤ 19%, n = 8) and good linearity (r² ≥ 0.9972) for ultrapure water and soy sauce samples that were spiked with two analytes. Detection limits were obtained at the ng mL⁻¹. The result demonstrated that headspace on-fiber derivatization following solid-phase microextraction was a simple, fast and accurate technique for identifying trace 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol and 3-chloro-1,2-propandiol in soy sauce.     

Combined solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry used for determination of chloropropanols in water

A sensitive and rapid derivatization method for the simultaneous determination of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol (1,3-DCP) and 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) in water samples has been developed. The aim was to research the optimal conditions of the derivatization process for two selected reagents. A central composite design was used to determine the influence of derivatization time, derivatization temperature and reagent volume. A global desirability function was applied for multi-response optimization. The analysis was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. During the optimization of the extraction procedure, four different types of solid-phase extraction (SPE) columns were tested. It was demonstrated that the Oasis HLB cartridge produced the best recoveries of the target analytes. The pH value and the salinity were investigated using a Doehlert design. The best results for the SPE of both analytes were obtained with 1.5 g of NaCl and pH 6. The proposed method provides high sensitivity, good linearity (R(2)≥0.999) and repeatability (relative standard deviations % between 2.9 and 3.4%). Limits of detection and quantification were in the range of 1.4-11.2 ng/mL and 4.8-34.5 ng/mL, respectively. Recoveries obtained for water samples were ca. 100% for 1,3-DCP and 3-MCPD. The method has been successfully applied to the analysis of different samples including commercially bottled water, an influent and effluent sewage.     

Determination of chloropropanols in foods by one-step extraction and derivatization using pressurized liquid extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

3-Chloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) and 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol (1,3-DCP) were determined for the first time in bakery foods using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) combined with in situ derivatization and GC-MS analysis. This one-step protocol uses N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) as silylation reagent. Initially, screening experimental design was applied to evaluate the effects of the variables potentially affecting the extraction process, namely extraction time (min) and temperature (°C), number of cycles, dispersant reagent (diatomaceous earth in powder form and as particulate matter with high pore volume Extrelut NT) and percent of flush ethyl acetate volume (%). To reduce the time of analysis and improve the sensitivity, derivatization of the compounds was performed in the cell extraction. Conditions, such as the volume of BSTFA, temperature and time for the in situ derivatization of analytes using PLE, were optimized by a screening design followed to a Doehlert response surface design. The effect of the in-cell dispersants/adsorbents with diatomaceous earth, Florisil and sodium sulfate anhydrous was investigated using a Box-Behnken design. Using the final best conditions, 1 g of sample dispersed with 0.1 g of sodium sulfate anhydrous and 2.5 g diatomaceous earth was extracted with ethyl acetate. 1 g of Florisil, as clean-up adsorbent, and 70 μL of BSTFA were used for 3 min at 70°C. Under the optimum conditions, the calibration curves showed good linearity (R(2)>0.9994) and precision (relative standard deviation, RSD≤2.4%) within the tested ranges. The limits of quantification for 1,3-DCP and 3-MCDP, 1.6 and 1.7 μg kg(-1), respectively, are far below the established limits in the European and American legislations. The accuracy, precision, linearity, and limits of quantification provided make this analytical method suitable for routine control. The method was applied to the analysis of several toasted bread, snacks, cookies and cereal samples, none of which contained chloropropanols at concentrations above the legislation levels.     

液液萃取-场放大进样-毛细管电泳非接触式电导分离检测酱油中的安赛蜜

采用场放大进样（FASI）-毛细管电泳非接触式电导检测法（CE-C⁴D）,结合液液萃取（LLE）的样品净化预处理技术,分离检测了酱油中人工合成甜味剂安赛蜜。酱油样品经酸化后,用乙酸乙酯作为萃取剂,成功地消除了酱油中含有的大量无机盐等复杂基体对微量安赛蜜的干扰。实验对影响LLE萃取效率和FASI-CE-C⁴D分离检测的关键因素进行了讨论,特别是对样品净化前处理过程中萃取剂及用量、样品酸化pH值、萃取时间、萃取温度等条件进行了优化。结果表明,酱油中的安赛蜜可获得良好分离和灵敏检测,检出限和定量限分别为0.15 mg/kg和0.48 mg/kg。对市售酱油样品进行安赛蜜的加标回收测定,得到加标回收率为92.3%~108.1%,相对标准偏差＜8.0%。该法具有简单快速、灵敏高效、分析成本低的优点,能满足酱油中安赛蜜的分析检测要求。