蒜油中几种有机多硫化合物质谱的研究

本文给出了大蒜挥发油中五种有机硫化合物的质谱图,通过质谱图解析,确定它们分别是1,2,3,4-四硫代环庚烷,1,2,3,4,5-五硫代环辛烷,二烯丙基四硫醚,二丙烯基四硫醚,5-烯丙基-1,2,3,4-四硫代环庚烷。     

表面解吸常压化学电离质谱快速测定香辛蔬菜化学指纹

采用表面解吸常压化学电离质谱技术在无需样品预处理的前提下,对香辛蔬菜如韭菜、洋葱和大蒜的挥发性成分进行了快速检测,并对部分成分进行了二级串联质谱分析。结果表明,韭菜叶片挥发性主要成分为2-甲基-2-戊烯、二甲基硫代亚磺酸酯、甲基烯丙基硫代亚磺酸酯等,其中二甲基硫代亚磺酸酯和甲基烯丙基硫代亚磺酸酯产生较强的M+H2O.+信号。未切开的洋葱鳞茎挥发性成分质谱信号较弱,质谱图中主要是一些电晕放电产生的初始离子信号。切开后的洋葱鳞茎挥发性成分质谱信号明显增强,主要是丙烯基次磺酸、丙基烯丙基硫代亚磺酸酯和二丙基硫代亚磺酸酯。大蒜鳞茎挥发性成分主要是二烯丙基硫代亚磺酸酯。切开后的大蒜鳞茎挥发性成分主要是丙烯基次磺酸。实验对韭菜的二甲基硫代亚磺酸酯和甲基烯丙基硫代亚磺酸酯、洋葱的丙烯基次磺酸、大蒜的二烯丙基硫代亚磺酸酯进行了二级串联质谱分析。表面解吸常压化学电离质谱技术无需样品预处理,分析速度快且对样品不造成破坏。     

表面解吸常压化学电离质谱直接测定香辛蔬菜化学指纹

采用表面解吸常压化学电离质谱技术在无需样品预处理的前提下,对香辛蔬菜如韭菜、洋葱和大蒜的挥发性成分进行了快速检测,并对部分成分进行了二级串联质谱分析。 结果表明,韭菜叶片挥发性主要成分为2-甲基-2-戊烯、二甲基硫代亚磺酸酯、甲基烯丙基硫代亚磺酸酯等,其中二甲基硫代亚磺酸酯和甲基烯丙基硫代亚磺酸酯产生较强的M+H2O·+信号。 未切开的洋葱鳞茎挥发性成分质谱信号较弱,质谱图中主要是一些电晕放电产生的初始离子信号。 切开后的洋葱鳞茎挥发性成分质谱信号明显增强,主要是丙烯基次磺酸、丙基烯丙基硫代亚磺酸酯和二丙基硫代亚磺酸酯。 大蒜鳞茎挥发性成分主要是二烯丙基硫代亚磺酸酯。 切开后的大蒜鳞茎挥发性成分主要是丙烯基次磺酸。 实验对韭菜的二甲基硫代亚磺酸酯和甲基烯丙基硫代亚磺酸酯、洋葱的丙烯基次磺酸、大蒜的二烯丙基硫代亚磺酸酯进行了二级串联质谱分析。 表面解吸常压化学电离质谱技术无需样品预处理,分析速度快且对样品不造成破坏。     

环化聚合的研究——4-取代1,6二烯类单体的聚合

合成了二丙烯基丙二酸二乙酯,二丙烯基丙二酸二甲酯,二丙烯基腈基醋酸乙酯,二丙烯基醋酸乙酯,α,α′二氯代丙烯基丙二酸二乙酯,二丙烯基二仲丁基硅烷及—丙烯基丙二酸二乙酯,并在游离基引发下进行了环化聚合。其中二丙烯基丙二酸二甲酯,α,α′二氯代丙烯基丙二酸二乙酯及二丙烯基二仲丁基硅烷三者为文献上未见报导的新单休。所得聚合体可溶在有机溶剂中。测定了聚合体的环化率、分子量、特征粘度等数据。     

镍基催化剂上硫醇与异戊二烯硫醚化反应的研究

在上流式气-液-固三相固定床微型反应装置上，对Ni／Al2O3催化剂上硫醇与异戊二烯硫醚化反应进行了研究，并考察了反应温度、压力、空速、临氢条件对催化剂二烯硫醚化反应性能的影响。结果表明，异戊二烯与硫醇在镍基催化剂的作用下，可以发生反应生成高沸点的硫醚化合物，反应温度和空速对催化剂二烯硫醚化活性有明显的影响，提高反应温度和降低空速有利于提高硫醇在二烯硫醚化反应过程中的转化率，在临氢反应条下，可以提高催化剂二烯硫醚化反应的活性和稳定性。     

韭菜有机溶剂提取液的气相色谱-质谱分析及其对香蕉枯萎病菌的抑制作用研究

采用气相色谱-质谱法对韭菜茎和叶的石油醚、三氯甲烷、二氯甲烷、丙酮、乙酸乙酯有机溶剂提取液进行了检测.结果表明:有机溶剂提取液中有二甲基二硫、二甲基三硫、甲基甲烷硫代磺酸盐、二甲基酯硫磺酸、甲基2-丙烯基二硫及杂环等多种含硫化合物,另外还检出较复杂的3-乙烯基-1,2-二硫代杂环己-5-烯类物质.低温条件下,茎中石油醚...     

韭菜花挥发性成分的气相色谱-质谱分析

韭菜是人们最常用的蔬菜之一,中医认为韭菜具有"补虚益阳,调和脏腑"的药用价值.韭菜的可食用部分还有韭菜花,韭菜苔等,韭菜花通常被用作调料和制作成菜,有1种特别的味道,许多人喜欢.韭菜中主要的挥发性成分曾有报道,本文则用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对2个不同花期的韭菜花中的挥发性成分进行分析,共鉴别出主要成分31种,其中硫醚类化合物就有20种,含氧硫化物3种,和韭菜比较有一些差别.     

锡促进的烯丙基硒醚和烯丙基硫醚的合成

在金属锡促进下，烯丙基溴与二硒醚或二硫醚反应，生成烯丙基硒醚或烯丙基硫醚 。     

二烯丙基硫醚化合物的合成

二烯丙基一硫醚（DS）,二烯丙基二硫醚（DDS）,二烯丙基三硫醚（DTS）和二烯丙基四硫醚（DTTS）等是大蒜提取液中的主要有效成分,具有十分广泛独特的生理药理活性。作者以甲酸、丙三醇为超始原料合成了这些化合物,烯丙基硫醚化合物总含量达83%,其中DDS,DTS含量分别达30%。产物均GC-MS鉴定确证。合成方法简单,原料易得,反应步骤少,实用性较强。     

含硫醚链节的透明聚酰胺酸的合成及表征

合成了一种具有耐高温、氧化稳定性及透明性的聚硫醚酰胺酸，并对各步中间产物进行了基本表征。讨论了温度对硫醚二酐形成的影响。     

Dissipation behavior,residue distribution and dietary risk assessment of chlorfenapyr and clothianidin in leek using RRLC-QqQ-MS/MS technique

Commercial suspension emulsion (SE) of (8% chlorfenapyr + 20% clothianidin), as a pre-registered product in China, was firstly investigated under Chinese open-field conditions. A MWCNTs-based QuEChERS method for simultaneous determination of chlorfenapyr and clothianidin in leek was established and validated through RRLC-QqQ-MS/MS.     

韭菜中吡虫啉和啶虫脒残留的微波处理-逆固相分散法净化及液相色谱检测

建立了韭菜中两种烟碱类农药吡虫啉和啶虫脒残留的快速检测方法.韭菜样本用微波炉加热处理,使酶钝化消除含硫基质干扰,然后用乙腈提取、逆固相分散净化,用反相高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器检测.在0.05～2.0 mg/kg添加水平范围内,吡虫啉的平均添加回收率在95.2%～105.3%之间;相对标准偏差在0.8%～7.8%之间;啶虫脒的平均添加回收率在97.4%～108.8%之间;相对标准偏差在1.3%～8.3%之间.本方法对吡虫啉的检出限(LOD)为0.0078 mg/kg,定量检出限(LOQ)为0.026 mg/kg;对啶虫脒的检出限为0.0075 mg/kg,定量检出限为0.025 mg/kg.     

Chemometric Resolution for Rapid Determination of Prometryn in Leek Samples Using GC–MS

Much effort has been made to analyze the pesticides in foods or vegetables due to the interferences in the sample matrix. In this work, taking the determination of prometryn in leek samples as an example, a simple method is proposed for fast analysis of the components in real samples using GC–MS and chemometric resolution. The purification step in preparing the samples was simplified, and a short capillary column and fast temperature program were employed in GC–MS measurement. Although the measured signal is composed of overlapped peaks with the interferences and background, the signal of prometryn can be extracted by chemometric resolution. Six leek samples from different markets were analyzed within an elution time of 6 min. Compared with the results by the standard method, the results by the proposed method were found to be reliable.     

Chemometric Resolution for Rapid Determination of Prometryn in Leek Samples Using GC–MS

Much effort has been made to analyze the pesticides in foods or vegetables due to the interferences in the sample matrix. In this work, taking the determination of prometryn in leek samples as an example, a simple method is proposed for fast analysis of the components in real samples using GC–MS and chemometric resolution. The purification step in preparing the samples was simplified, and a short capillary column and fast temperature program were employed in GC–MS measurement. Although the measured signal is composed of overlapped peaks with the interferences and background, the signal of prometryn can be extracted by chemometric resolution. Six leek samples from different markets were analyzed within an elution time of 6 min. Compared with the results by the standard method, the results by the proposed method were found to be reliable.

     

Preparation and root growth-modulatory activity of N-substituted 2-acetylamino-2-ethoxycarbonyl-3-(2-furyl)propanamides

N-Substituted 2-acetylamino-2-ethoxycarbonyl-3-(2-furyl)propanamides (8) were synthesized through the reaction of amines (13) with 2-acetylamino-2-ethoxycarbonyl-3-(2-furyl)propanoic acid (3b), which was prepared via condensation of 2-(bromomethyl)furan (10b) with diethyl acetamidomalonate, followed by partial hydrolysis of the resultant diethyl ester (3a) in the presence of barium hydroxide. However, bulky amines such as tert-butylamine or 2-trifluoromethylaniline did not afford the corresponding diamides (8). The biological activity of the prepared diamides (8) as root growth modulators was examined by germination assay using rape and leek seeds. N-(5-Bromo-2-thiazolyl)- and N-(4-chloro-2-benzothiazolyl)-2-acetylamino-2-ethoxycarbonyl-3-(2-furyl)propanamides (8h, i) both potently inhibited the root growth of rape seedlings, but were less effective in the case of leek seeds. The herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid completely inhibited root growth in both cases.     

Quantitative determination of S-alk(en)ylcysteine-S-oxides by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography

A novel method for determination of S-alk(en)ylcysteine-S-oxides by capillary electrophoresis has been developed and validated. The method is based on extraction of these sulfur amino acids by methanol, their derivatization by fluorenylmethyl chloroformate and subsequent separation by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. Main advantages of the new method are simplicity, sensitivity, high specificity and very low running costs, making it suitable for routine analysis of a large number of samples. Employing this method, the content of S-alk(en)ylcysteine-S-oxides was determined in 12 commonly consumed alliaceous and cruciferous vegetables (e.g. garlic, onion, leek, chive, cabbage, radish, cauliflower and broccoli). The total content of these amino acids in the Allium species evaluated varied between 0.59 and 12.3mg g(-1) fresh weight. Whereas alliin was found only in garlic, isoalliin was the major S-alk(en)ylcysteine-S-oxide in onion, leek, chive and shallot. On the other hand, the cruciferous species analyzed contained only methiin in the range of 0.06-2.45mg g(-1) fresh weight.     

Determination of chlorothalonil in difficult-to-analyse vegetable matrices using various multiresidue methods

The molecular characteristics of chlorothalonil can cause particular determination difficulties in some vegetable commodities such as leek or garlic. These difficulties are mainly related to the low recoveries obtained using common multi-residue methods (MRMs)--a consequence of the very high interaction level with natural components in the matrix. These shortcomings were pointed out in the last European Proficiency Test for Pesticide Residues on Fruits and Vegetables, where false negatives for chlorothalonil in leek were observed at around 50%. In this study we have evaluated the ethyl acetate, the Dutch mini-Luke and the QuEChERS MRMs to compare their capabilities for chlorothalonil determination using GC-MS/MS in both the electron impact ionization (EI) and negative chemical ionization (NCI) modes. Best recoveries (in the range of 100-120%, with an RSD below 20%) were obtained using the Dutch mini-Luke method. Lower values (52-70%) were obtained for ethyl acetate whereas no recovery was obtained when the QuEChERS method was applied. Furthermore, tomato matrix was also included in the experiments in order to facilitate the comparability of results. Two ionization modes, electron impact ionization (EI) and negative chemical ionization (NCI) in GC-MS/MS, were applied to evaluate their respective advantages and disadvantages for quantification and identification. As expected, NCI showed limits of detection (LODs) 5 to 10 times lower than EI. However, in both cases, the LODs were still below 10 μg kg(-1). The proposed optimal method was applied for chlorothalonil determination in leek and garlic with good results--in accordance with the European Union (EU) Analytical Quality Control (AQC) Guidelines for pesticides analysis.     

Multi-analyte high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution tandem mass spectrometry method for control of pesticide residues,mycotoxins, and pyrrolizidine alkaloids

A new reliable and highly sensitive method based on high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) separation and high resolution tandem mass spectrometric detection (HRMS/MS) has been developed and validated for determination of 323 pesticide residues, 55 mycotoxins, and 11 plant toxins represented by pyrrolizidine alkaloids. The method was validated for three matrices, leek, wheat, and tea differing in nature/amount of co-extracts that may cause various matrix effects. For target analytes isolation, optimized QuEChERS-based (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) extraction procedure was employed. Spectral HRMS/MS library has been established providing an entire spectrum of fragment ions for each analyte, which allows unbiased identification and confirmation of target compounds. The limits of quantification (LOQs) of target analytes were below 10 μg kg⁻¹ for 82%, 81%, and 61% for matrices leek, wheat, and tea, respectively. Recoveries were in the acceptable range (70–120%) according to SANCO/12571/2013 for most of target analytes, except for highly polar ‘masked’ mycotoxin deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside with recoveries 35%, 47%, and 42% for matrices leek, wheat, and tea, respectively. The linearities of calibration curves expressed as coefficients of determination were in the range of 0.9661–1.000, and repeatabilities expressed as relative standard deviations (RSDs) at LOQs lied in the range of 0.25–13.51%. The trueness of the method was verified using several certified reference materials (CRMs) and proficiency test samples.     

微波消解-高分辨连续光源原子吸收光谱法测定锁阳和韭菜籽中的重金属元素含量

利用微波消解-高分辨连续光源原子吸收光谱法测定锁阳、韭菜籽两种中药材中铜(Cu)、铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)、砷(As)和汞(Hg)的含量.采用微波消解进行样品前处理,火焰原子吸收法测定其中的Cu含量,石墨炉原子吸收法测定Pb、Cd和Cr含量,氢化物发生原子吸收法测定As、Hg含量.方法线性关系良好,相关系数R^2大于0.999,加标回收率为95.61%~100.1%,RSD为0.8%~3.3%,测得锁阳和韭菜籽中Cu、Pb、Cd、Cr、As和Hg的含量值均低于《药用植物及制剂进口绿色行业标准》和食品安全国家标准《食品中污染物限量》(GB2762-2012)中规定的限量指标.方法分析速率快、干扰少、精密度高,适用于中药材中重金属含量的测定.