小儿支气管哮喘与微量元素临床研究

为探讨微量元素与小儿支气管哮喘的发病关系,以及观察用微量元素治疗小儿支气管哮喘的效果,随机选择支气管哮喘患儿病例72例,进行了全血微量元素Zn、Cu、Fe、Ca的检测,同时使用Zn及Ca制剂治疗,观察其疗效。结果表明,小儿支气管哮喘与Zn、Ca缺乏及免疫功能低下有密切关系,补充上述两种元素对提高其免疫功能进而提高本病疗效有重要价值。     

微量元素锌对小儿反复呼吸道感染的影响分析

目的观察及分析微量元素锌在反复呼吸道感染患儿中的意义。方法收集汉川市人民医院2013年4月至2015年3月接诊的患反复呼吸道感染的200例患儿进行临床研究,并将其分为研究组。同时另选同期进行健康体检的1 000例正常小儿分为对照组进行对照研究。分别对两组小儿的全血锌水平、血清免疫球蛋白Ig M、Ig G、Ig A等指标进行检测,并进行比较分析。结果研究组小儿的全血锌水平显著低于对照组(P0.05),Ⅱ级与Ⅲ级患儿的血清免疫球蛋白Ig M、Ig G、Ig A水平均明显高于Ⅰ级患儿,其中又以Ⅲ级患儿的差异更为显著(P0.05)。结论微量元素锌水平与反复呼吸道感染患儿的免疫功能呈正相关关系,治疗时应注意补充锌元素,能有效提高患儿的治疗效果。     

儿童呼吸道感染与发锌含量观察

采用原子吸收分光光度法对８６例呼吸道感染患儿发中锌含量进行测定，结果表明：呼吸道感染患儿发锌含量均低于对照组，经统计学处理有显著性差异，Ｐ〈０．０１，提示微量元素锌的缺乏可能是造成小儿机体免疫功能低下，易感染性疾病的病因之一。     

重症毛细支气管炎患儿微量元素的相关性研究

目的探讨重症毛细管支气管炎患儿微量元素与免疫功能之间的相关性。方法选取2014年3月到2015年3月于佛山市第一人民医院就诊的55例重症毛细支气管炎患儿为观察组,选取同期体检健康儿童32例为对照组。分别测定两组的微量元素和免疫指标并对其相关性进行分析。结果在微量元素血清钙、铁、锌水平上,观察组明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组CD8水平低于对照组,CD4/CD8高于对照组,其比较有统计学意义(P0.05);Ig A、Ig G水平观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),观察组患儿的血清铁与Ig A呈正相关,血清钙与Ig A和Ig G呈正相关。结论重症毛细支气管炎患儿存在钙铁锌等微量元素的缺乏、免疫功能紊乱等症状,其体液免疫功能低下与微量元素铁和锌的缺乏有明显的相关性。     

儿童全血微量元素水平与反复呼吸道感染的关系分析

目的探讨儿童全血微量元素水平与反复呼吸道感染的关系。方法将100例反复呼吸道感染患儿设为观察组,将同期100例健康儿童设为对照组,比较两组血内微量元素的变化。结果1 0~2岁儿童,观察组体内的铁、锌、铜含量明显低于对照组,但铅含量明显高于对照组,组间差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);2 3~12岁儿童,观察组体内的铁、锌含量明显低于对照组,组间差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论儿童血微量元素缺乏与反复呼吸道感染的的相关性较大,幼儿表现尤为明显。     

缺硒儿童免疫功能下降反复呼吸道感染100例临床观察

为探讨硒缺乏与呼吸道感染的关系，对100例反复呼吸道感染患儿进行了肘静脉及颈静脉采血送检，观察了微量元素硒缺乏对儿童呼吸道免疫功能的影响。结果表明，补硒后呼吸道感染率明显降低，儿童健康水平明显提高。     

766例厌食患儿病因分析

将766例厌食患儿发中元素含量与对照组比较，发Zn、Ca、Cu含量明显低于对照组，而Fe、Pb含量婴幼儿明显高于对照组，提示Zn、Ca等营养元素缺乏引起的体内元素代谢紊乱可能是厌食的病因，同时发现喂养不当和不良饮食习惯也是厌食的重要原因，提示学龄前儿童是厌食的好发年龄。     

牙周病患者头发微量元素的测定

为探讨牙周病与微量元素的关系,对28例牙周病患者头发Fe、Zn、Cu、Ca进行了测定,并与正常对照组做比较。结果表明,牙周病患者头发Fe、Zn、Cu、Ca较对照组明显降低。提示牙周病患者头发微量元素的含量与牙周病有密切关系。     

2型糖尿病患者血清微量元素分析

为探讨2型糖尿病与患者血清微量元素的关系,对105例2型糖尿病患者血清Fe、Zn、Cu、Cr、Mg、Ca进行了观察,并与正常对照组做比较,各指标间做相关分析,结果表明,2型糖尿病患者血清Zn、Cr含量明显低于对照组,Cu的含量明显高于对照组,Fe、Mg、Ca的含量两组无差异。提示糖尿病患者体内微量元素的含量与糖尿病具有密切的关系。     

藏药材白花龙胆花中微量元素的分析

对藏药材白花龙胆花中17种微量元素（Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、Co、Ni、Se、Cr、Mg、Ca、K、Na、P、As、Hg、Pb、Cd）的含量作了测定。结果表明,白花龙胆花中含有较高的人体必需微量元素和常量元素,其中常量元素K、Ca、Na、Mg和微量元素Zn、Fe、Mn的含量均较高。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.