微量元素砷与胃癌关系的研究

从福建省胃癌高(长乐市)、低发区(福安市)的土壤、水体及人体血清、头发、尿液采集的材料入手,分析了砷元素与恶性肿瘤关系。结果表明,胃癌低发区土壤、饮用水和人头发砷含量反比高发区高。可见在正常情况下砷不致癌,适量砷可抑制癌症。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定头发和指甲中金属元素

人体的健康与营养均与微量元素密切相关,而头发和指甲又是最易得到并在一定程度上代表人体组织的特征样品。为此,本文研究了用逆王水(硝酸和盐酸为3:1)和高压密封罐溶解样品,以火焰原子吸收光谱法测定头发和指甲中的钾、钠、钙、镁、铁、铜、锌和锰等元素,并讨论了共存元素和酸度对测定的干扰及消除。试验表明,本法简便可靠,回收率在93％～106％范围,RSD小于5％。     

头发中无机元素分析方法及应用的研究进展

人体无机元素含量在头发中较其它体液或组织中高,易于检出。头发能够存储较长的时间信息,并且能提供其空间信息。通过分析其中的无机元素含量和同位素比例,可以说明元素在体内特定时间的变化以及反映人体的地理位置迁移。综述了头发中无机元素分析的前处理和仪器分析方法,重点介绍头发中无机元素分析在环境、医学及法医学研究中的应用,并对未来的技术发展和应用进行展望。     

无焰原子吸收法用于环境和生物样品的分析

近年来发展起来的无焰原子吸收法的绝对灵敏度较火焰原子吸收法高出10~4倍,可以分析毫微克至微微克量的金属元素,扩大了原子吸收法的应用范围,在超痕量分析领域中开辟了一个新的途径。人体中有许多生命重要元素,如铁、钙、镁、钾、钠、钼、锌、锰、和钴等。人血、尿、指甲、头发以及人体组织中的各种元素含量往往与人体健康密切有关,同时由于受环境污染而引进人体的铅、汞、镉和砷等有毒元素的分析结果,可以反应     

急性气管—支气管炎患者头发及血清微量元素的测定及其临床意义

用原子吸收光谱法测定了86例急性气管-支气管炎患者及66例健康人头发及血清锌、铁、铜、锰4种微量元素的含量。结果显示,锌、铁元素的含量比对照组低,并表现有显著性差异(P<0.01),铜、锰元素的含量在两组之间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。     

癌症病人头发中无机元素含量变化初探

采用ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ法测定了肺癌、肝癌、胃癌患者头发中２４种无机元素的含量,与对照组比较,探讨对癌症实验诊断有意义的指标。结果表明：肺癌、肝癌、胃癌患者头发中Ａｌ、Ｃｕ、Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ、Ｓｒ、Ｚｎ、Ｍｎ、Ｍｏ等元素含量与对照组存在显著差异（Ｐ〈０．０５）。因此采用多元素谱作为上述癌症辅助诊断指标相对于采用单元素值或元素比值作为诊断标准更具参考价值。     

714名0—6岁儿童头发中微量元素水平的研究

报道了深圳市南山区７１４名０￣６岁儿童头发中６种必需微量和宏量元素的水平，分析了不同年龄、性别儿童６种元素的异常状况，研究结果表明，儿童头发中锌、铜、铁、钙和锰元素缺乏状况相当严重总缺乏率占８９．９％。     

老年慢性支气管炎急性发作期病人头发微量元素的测定与分析

为观察老年慢性支气管炎急性发作期头发中微量元素的变化,测定了50例老年慢性支气管炎急性发作期患者和40例正常对照组头发中锌、铁、铜、钙、锰、铅6种元素含量。结果表明,慢性支气管炎急性发作期患者发中锌、铁、铜、钙含量明显低正常对照组（P＜0．01）。提示头发中微量元素减少与慢性支气管炎易反复感染有一定的关系。     

镁铁-铬蓝黑R配合物吸附波测定人发中微量镁铁

镁和铁是人体必需的微量元素,具有重要的生理功能和营养作用,但若摄入超量会对人体产生毒性,造成潜在性危害,引起致畸及神经系统异常等,因此,研究镁铁的测定方法,了解头发中镁铁的含量,对预防镁致疾病,提高人体健康水平具有重要的意义。     

深圳市社会福利中心人群及同龄社会人群6种元素营养分析

为探讨深圳市社会福利中心(福利院)收养人群的微量元素营养状况,给防治微量元素失衡提供科学依据,分析了该中心人群和同龄社会人群6种元素营养状况。结果表明,福利中心儿童、老人及同龄社会人群头发中的钙均低于正常,尤其以幼儿组(2~7岁)更加明显;福利中心老人组(60岁以上)头发中三种与骨骼有关必需元素钙、铜、锰均低于正常或偏低;福利中心三个组的锌、铁含量正常,铜低于正常。     

Development, validation, and application of a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol in human hair

The tobacco-specific nitrosamine metabolite 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) is a valuable biomarker for human exposure to the carcinogenic nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in tobacco and tobacco smoke. In this work, an efficient and sensitive method for the analysis of NNAL in human hair was developed and validated. The hair sample was extracted by NaOH solution digestion, purified by C(18) solid-phase extraction (SPE) and molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction, further enriched by reverse-phase ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (USA-DLLME) into 1.0?% aqueous formic acid, and finally analyzed by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Good linearity was obtained in the range of 0.24-10.0?pg/mg hair with a correlation coefficient of 0.9982, when 150?mg hair was analyzed. The limit of detection and lower limit of quantification were 0.08 and 0.24?pg/mg hair, respectively. Accuracies determined from hair samples spiked with three different levels of NNAL ranged between 87.3 and 107.7?%. Intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations varied from 4.1 to 8.5?% and from 6.9 to 11.3?%, respectively. Under the optimized conditions, an enrichment factor of 20 was obtained. Finally, the developed method was applied for the analysis of NNAL in smokers' hair. The proposed sample preparation procedure combining selectivity of two-step SPE and enrichment of DLLME significantly improves the purification and enrichment of the analyte and should be useful to analyze NNAL in hair samples for cancer risk evaluation and cancer prevention in relation to exposure to the tobacco-specific carcinogen NNK.     

石墨探针—原子吸收光谱法测定人发中痕量铟的研究

探针原子化技术是一种实现等温原子化,改善灵敏度的行之有效的方法。本文采用此方法对痕量钿进行了一系列条件试验,峰面积与钿浓度在0～50ng·ml~(-1)范围内呈线性关系,其特征量4.8pg,检出限21.5pg,相对标准偏差5.7％,并成功地测定了成人发中铟的含量,范围在12～159pg·g~(-1),回收率96.4％～103.2％。该方法灵敏度高,操作简单、快速,结果满意。     

极谱配合吸附波测定人发微量锰和铁

采用浓硝酸-高氯酸消化法结合锰铁-乙二胺极谱配合吸附波方法测定人发微量猛铁。对各种预处理方法进行了比较研究。测定了模拟人发、混合人发、国家一级标准物质人发样品以及某些肿瘤患者的发锰铁含量,均获得了满意结果。     

络天青S—CPB—Brij35胶束增溶吸光光度法测人发中微量铜

在阳离子表面活性剂ＣＰＢ和非离子表面活性剂Ｂｒｉｊ３５存在下,ｐＨ７．５的弱碱性介质中,二价铜离子与络天青Ｓ形成灵敏度高的１：２络合物。应用吸光度法测定人发中微量铜,铜含量在０．０２～２．０ｍｇ·Ｌ＾－１遵守比耳定律,方法检出限为限为０．０１ｍｇ·Ｌ＾－１,平均回收主继１００．５％±０．２１％,ＲＳＤ为０．２１％。此法用于人发中微量铜的测定。结果满意。     

COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF UV-VISIBLE IRRADIATION OF MELANINS and MELANIN-HEMATOPORPHYRIN COMPLEXES FROM HUMAN BLACK and RED HAIR

Clinical evidence indicates that people with light skin and red hair have a higher incidence of UV radiation-induced diseases including cancer. It is not known whether this is because of the lower protection due to the smaller amounts of eumelanin present in the skin of these people or whether the presence of pheomelanin in their skin is responsible for the higher susceptibility to carcinogenesis. Irradiation of melanoproteins from red hair with UV-visible light has been reported to produce superoxide. Comparative studies on the formation of superoxide during the irradiation of the melanins isolated from human black and red hair (BHM and RHM, respectively) are reported in this paper. These showed that no superoxide formation could be detected in the case of the BHM. whereas the formation of superoxide during the irradiation of RHM could be definitely demonstrated. Irradiation of the RHM with NADH resulted in the oxidation of more NADH than the irradiation of NADH with BHM. The observation that RHM is an active photosensitizer indicates that this property of pheomelanin present in light skin may at least partly be responsible for the harmful effect of radiation on people with light skin and/or red hair. Administration of hematoporphyrin followed by visible irradiation is a currently used mode of therapy for cancer. The present studies have shown that hematoporphyrin is bound to both BHM and RHM. The binding of hematoporphyrin to the melanins increased the formation of superoxide by RHM and the oxidation of NADH by both the melanins. The binding of porphyrins to melanins may have an influence upon the photosensitivity in diseases such as porphyrias and may also affect the therapeutic efficacy of hematoporphyrin.     

Trace element exposure in man by instrumental neutron activation analysis of hair

A nondestructive instrumental neutron activation technique was used to analyze human hair samples collected from people living in metropolitan and rural areas in Korea. Samples were also collected from factory workers and cancer patients. Hair from metropolitan area residents contain higher concentrations of Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Na, Br, Mn, I and S than rural area residents. Concentrations of I and S from cancer patients, Mg, Zn, Al, Na, Mn and As from glassware workers were relatively higher. The results show that the trace element concentrations of the hair are possibly related to the trace element concentrations in the body.     

铜催化抗坏血酸还原酸性铬深蓝动力学光度法测定痕量铜

在乙酸-乙酸钠介质中,以邻菲罗啉为活化剂,铜对抗坏血酸还原酸性铬深蓝具有强烈的催化作用,测定了反应的表观活化能,探讨了反应机理,建立了测定痕量铜的催化动力学新方法,测定的线性范围为2.5～60ng·ml~(-1),直接用于食品及人发中铜的测定。结果满意。     

Determination of traces of silver in human scalp hair slurries by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

A simple and rapid method for the determination of traces of silver in human hair by slurry sampling and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry was optimized. Hair pulverization and the particle size reduction were achieved using a vibrational zirconia mill ball for 20 min. Palladium nitrate, magnesium nitrate and palladium-magnesium nitrate were investigated as chemical modifiers to thermally stabilize silver. Glycerol was used as wetting agent to stabilize the hair slurries. A limit of detection of 21.6 g kg^–1 was obtained for the use of palladium nitrate as best chemical modifier. The repeatibility of the overall procedure (slurry preparation and atomic absorption spectrometric determination) corresponding to eleven measurements was 14.3%. Matrix effect was significant and so, the standard addition method was used to determine silver in hair samples from healthy people. The levels found varied between 0.10 and 1.62 mg kg^–1.     

用多变量统计分析方法辨识肺癌患者分类中的关键元素(英文)

用逐步判别、主成分分析和聚类方法研究了根据血清和毛发样品中元素含量对正常人和肺癌患者分类中的关键元素．用主成分分析的结果表明,在肺癌患者与正常人的分类中,血清中的Ｃａ,Ｃｒ,Ｃｕ,Ｐ和Ｚｎ是关键元素,而毛发中的Ａｌ,Ｂ,Ｃｒ,Ｐ和Ｓｒ是关键元素．对于正常人和癌症患者元素之间的欧氏距离不同     

多变量判别分析用于癌症诊断研究

用感应耦合等离子体原子发射光谱及石墨炉原子吸收光谱仪测定了正常人及癌症病人头发样品中15种元素的含量。所得数据用多元多项式扩展增维和逐步回归变量压缩技术以及PLS方法处理,得到了病人与正常人分类极为清晰的二维判别图。据此可将头发用作癌症临床诊断中的分析样品以取代血液样品。