管理学理论在基础化学实验教学中的应用

在当前实验教学改革的基础上,分析了基础化学实验教学过程中学生存在的问题及能力不足的现状;将管理学的"破窗效应"、"鲶鱼效应"、"木桶原理"等理论创新地应用到基础化学实验教学中,探讨了这些理论在基础化学实验教学中进行学生综合能力培养的应用,实验教学效果显著提高。     

“厚基础、强能力、重探究”教学模式的探索与实践

传统的化学实验教学,特别是基础实验阶段,大多采用"听老师讲、照书本做"的模式,忽略了对学生自主学习能力和探究能力的培养。为提高学生的积极性,培养学生的创新能力,提升课程的教学质量,在基础化学实验中探索并实践了"厚基础、强能力、重探究"的新型三阶段教学模式,即巩固基本操作、强化综合技能、突出自主探究。经过近五年的实施,取得了较好的教学效果。     

基于创新性应用型人才培养的实验教学模式研究与实践

为培养创新性应用型人才,构建了"一中心、两渗透、三提升、四结合"的实验教学模式。总结了该教学模式在高分子化学实验教学中的应用情况,提出了该实验教学模式顺利实施的必要条件。研究表明,通过加强教师队伍、教学资源和交流环境建设,保障了该实验教学模式的顺利实施。该模式应用于高分子化学实验教学实践,有效培养了学生的创新精神和实践应用能力,加快创新性应用型人才培养的步伐。     

课堂教学过程结构之“起、承、转、合”

"清晰的课堂教学结构"是优质课堂的特征之一。"起、承、转、合"是作品的一种基本结构方法。课堂犹如文章, 利用知识的内在逻辑关系, 采用一定的方法设计好课堂的"起、承、转、合", 可使得整个教学过程结构严谨、环环相扣、引人入胜, 有效地促进学生的认知建构和发展。     

大学公共基础化学实验教学体系的模块化构建与实践

根据化学实验课程的性质及要求,围绕培养学生创新意识和实践能力这一核心,以启迪学生思维活动为主线,按照技能-综合-设计-创新4个模块,构建"一核心、一主线、四模块"系统的实验教学体系。针对不同模块的实验教学,采用不同的教学方法,使实验室职能从"教学型"向"科研创新型"转变,实验教学从"知识传授"转变为"知识、能力、思维、素质"综合素质培养,充分调动学生的积极性和创造性,对培养有创造能力、创新理念、创业观念的新型人才有重大意义。     

基础化学实验教学的新理念——再议实验教学之本质

最近20年以来,国内高校的本科基础化学实验教学从理念、内容、标准,到组织机构和评价方法,都经历了一系列变化和改革。立足于新的历史机遇和时代,有必要深刻理解和厘清本科阶段基础化学实验教学的本质和角色,既不轻视和简慢其地位、也不夸大和拔高其效用;须还基础实验教学以其本来面目,着重深挖其在传播"第三类知识"(Knowhow)以及培养"元认知"能力当中的不可替代作用,才能在化学实验教学改革大潮中不懈怠、不迷惘。     

“基础化学”模块化、超市化递进式实验教学探索

针对目前"基础化学"理论和实验教学的现状,实行模块化、超市化实验项目建设,进行分层式、递进式开放实验教学探索。调查研究表明新的实验教学模式有利于弥补学生化学基础的不足,增强化学实验基本操作技能的训练,保障学生面向药学类各职业岗位所必须具备的操作技能,提高"基础化学"的教学效果,真正发挥"基础化学"对后续课程的支撑作用。     

"对分课堂"新模式下的研究型教学实践——以河南理工大学本科高年级化学专业为例

以超分子化学课为载体,基于"生本课堂"教学理念,对教学内容、教学方法和特色实验教学三方面进行教学革新,构建了一套"对分课堂"教学新模式,激励学生进行挑战式学习,锻炼学生的学习能力、资源整合能力和沟通能力,同步提升高年级本科生的素质、能力和知识水平,取得了良好的教学效果。     

以培养问题解决能力为核心的PMPR实验教学方法

基于"发现、分析、解决问题"的思维模式,本文提出了以培养学生问题解决能力为核心的"问题→方法→过程→结果"(PMPR)实验教学方法。该方法以"问题"为出发点,引导学生进行问题分析,寻找解决问题的方法,实施解决问题的过程,最终得到解决问题的结果。PMPR实验教学方法的实施激发了学生的学习兴趣,拓宽了学生的知识面,实现了对学生发现、分析、解决问题能力的培养。     

基于PBL理念的高职《日化产品制造技术》开放实验教学模式探讨

在高职《日化产品制造技术》开放实验教学中引入PBL理念,构建"以问题为基础、以行动为指导"的教学模式,有利于深化《日化产品制造技术》实验教学改革,提高学生分析问题与解决问题能力,培养具有创新精神和实践能力的高素质人才。     

Furyl- and thienyl-silatranes and germatranes

We review our research on the synthesis and study of the physical and biological properties of furyl- and thienylgermatranes and -silatranes.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 725–732, June, 1992.     

Review and patents and literature

The use of the insect cell/baculovirus expression system for producing recombinant proteins of bacterial, plant, insect, and mammalian origin has become widespread. The popularity of this eukaryotic expression system is due to many factors, including (1) potentially high protein expression levels, (2) ease and speed of genetic engineering, (3) ability to accommodate large DNA inserts, (4) protein processing similar to higher eukaryotic cells (e.g., mammalian cells), and (5) ease of insect cell growth (e.g., suspension growth). The following review of the literature discusses two engineering aspects of recombinant protein synthesis by insect cell cultures: bioreactor scale-up and insect cell line selection. Following this review patent abstracts and additional literature pertaining to expression of recombinant proteins in insect cell culture are listed.     

Ground- and excited-state aromaticity and antiaromaticity in benzene and cyclobutadiene

The aromaticity and antiaromaticity of the ground state (S 0), lowest triplet state (T 1), and first singlet excited state (S 1) of benzene, and the ground states (S 0), lowest triplet states (T 1), and the first and second singlet excited states (S 1 and S 2) of square and rectangular cyclobutadiene are assessed using various magnetic criteria including nucleus-independent chemical shifts (NICS), proton shieldings, and magnetic susceptibilities calculated using complete-active-space self-consistent field (CASSCF) wave functions constructed from gauge-including atomic orbitals (GIAOs). These magnetic criteria strongly suggest that, in contrast to the well-known aromaticity of the S 0 state of benzene, the T 1 and S 1 states of this molecule are antiaromatic. In square cyclobutadiene, which is shown to be considerably more antiaromatic than rectangular cyclobutadiene, the magnetic properties of the T 1 and S 1 states allow these to be classified as aromatic. According to the computed magnetic criteria, the T 1 state of rectangular cyclobutadiene is still aromatic, but the S 1 state is antiaromatic, just as the S 2 state of square cyclobutadiene; the S 2 state of rectangular cyclobutadiene is nonaromatic. The results demonstrate that the well-known "triplet aromaticity" of cyclic conjugated hydrocarbons represents a particular case of a broader concept of excited-state aromaticity and antiaromaticity. It is shown that while electronic excitation may lead to increased nuclear shieldings in certain low-lying electronic states, in general its main effect can be expected to be nuclear deshielding, which can be substantial for heavier nuclei.     

Hard and soft acids and bases: structure and process

Under investigation is the structure and process that gives rise to hard-soft behavior in simple anionic atomic bases. That for simple atomic bases the chemical hardness is expected to be the only extrinsic component of acid-base strength, has been substantiated in the current study. A thermochemically based operational scale of chemical hardness was used to identify the structure within anionic atomic bases that is responsible for chemical hardness. The base's responding electrons have been identified as the structure, and the relaxation that occurs during charge transfer has been identified as the process giving rise to hard-soft behavior. This is in contrast the commonly accepted explanations that attribute hard-soft behavior to varying degrees of electrostatic and covalent contributions to the acid-base interaction. The ability of the atomic ion's responding electrons to cause hard-soft behavior has been assessed by examining the correlation of the estimated relaxation energies of the responding electrons with the operational chemical hardness. It has been demonstrated that the responding electrons are able to give rise to hard-soft behavior in simple anionic bases.     

Determination and study on residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil

A QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method for the determination of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry has been developed in this study. The residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil were determined with the developed method. The half-lives of benazolin-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 3.7–5.1 days and 14.3–26.3 days, respectively. The half-lives of quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 5.0-6.1 days and 0.3–9.7 days, respectively. The residue of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rapeseed and soil were below the detection limit (i.e., 0.5?mg?kg^?1, the maximum residue level of European Union for quizalofop-p-ethyl).     

Syntheses and structures of P-anilino-P-chalcogeno- and P-anilino-P-iminodiazasilaphosphetidines and their group 12 and 13 metal compounds

The P-anilino-P-chalcogeno(imino)diazasilaphosphetidines [Me(2)Si(mu-N(t)Bu)(2)P=E(NHPh)] (E = O (3), S (4), Se (5), N-p-tolyl (6)) were synthesized by oxidizing the P-anilinodiazasilaphosphetidine [Me(2)Si(N(t)Bu)(2)P(NHPh)] (2) with cumene hydroperoxide, sulfur, selenium, and p-tolyl azide, respectively. The lithium salt of 4 reacted with thallium monochloride to produce ([Me(2)Si(mu-N(t)Bu)(2)P=S(NPh)-kappaN-kappaS]Tl)(7), which features a two-coordinate thallium atom. Treatment of 4-6 with AlMe(3) gave the monoligand dimethylaluminum complexes ([Me(2)Si(mu-N(t)Bu)(2)P=E(NPh)-kappaN-kappaE]AlMe(2)) (E = S (8), Se (9), N-p-tolyl (10)), respectively. In these complexes the aluminum atom is tetrahedrally coordinated by one chelating ligand and two methyl groups, as a single-crystal X-ray analysis of 8 showed. A 2 equiv amount of 4-6 reacted with diethylzinc to produce the homoleptic diligand complexes ([Me(2)Si(mu-N(t)Bu)(2)P=E(NPh)-kappaN-kappaE](2)Zn)(E = S (11), Se (12), N-p-tolyl (13)). A crystal-structure analysis of 11 revealed a linear tetraspirocycle with a tetrahedrally coordinated, central zinc atom.