基于统计分析的株洲市土壤重金属地球化学特征

从地质环境与地球化学环境阐述了株洲市的城市环境,提出进一步开展城市生态地球化学研究,并通过相关分析、R型聚类分析、母岩分类统计分别讨论其土壤重金属污染情况。     

铁环境化学——环境和地球化学的研究热点

张礼知, 张伟贤. 铁环境化学--环境和地球化学的研究热点[J]. 化学学报, 2017, 75(6): 519-520.     

地球化学模拟在高放废物地质处置中的应用与发展

随着核能事业的发展,高放废物的处理和处置问题日益突出.其中,研究高放废物在环境介质中的吸附、扩散和迁移行为是获取放射性核素对周围环境和人群健康影响的基础参数的最重要和最直接的途径.近年来,人们利用已有的实验数据及核素的基础热力学和动力学数据,附以相应的数学模型,建立了一些地球化学模拟软件,用于分析核素在地质介质中可能发生的连续性和长期性变化.目前,国内外常用的地球化学模拟软件有十多种.本文从热力学平衡计算原理、种态分布计算方法和表面配位模型假设等几个方面对地球化学模拟软件进行了简要介绍,对近年来地球化学模拟软件在核素种态分布计算和表面配位模型模拟两方面的应用进行了举例分析,并以Ca-U-CO3配合物为例,说明完备的热力学数据对地球化学模拟软件发展的重要性,以期促进我国地球化学模型的应用和发展.     

谈《环境化学》课的开设

环境保护是我国的一项基本国策。为使环境保护受到足够的重视,普及环境保护知识是极为重要的。为此,笔者在四川教育学院八三级本科班开设了《环境化学》讲座,主要介绍了环境保护的重要性、地球环境化学的进化、化学与环境、大气、水及土壤环境化学等基本知识,引起了学员普遍的兴趣和学院领导的重视。现已把《环境化学》列为化学系的一门选修课程。在教学实践中,我们感到开展环境教育有如下几个方面的意义: 第一,师范性质院校的课程设置要与普教改革紧密结合。     

硒的化学形态分析进展

无机微量元素的化学形态分析是当今科学研究的活跃领域之一,,也是分析化学必须深入研究的新课题。近年来,各国际分析化学会议均将此作为独立学科来看待。由于微量元素存在的化学形态不同,其生物化学、环境化学行为以及在环境中的迁移转化规律也不同。 硒是一种准金属元素,在地球上含量很低,但分布很广,具有重要的工业价值。硒又是人体必需的微量元     

生物地球化学区和地方病的探讨

本文论述生物与地球化学环境的相关性,地表元素分布异常与地方病流行的相关关系和中国生物地球化学区的成因类型。     

中国稀土科技文献索引（1993）

中国稀土科技文献索引（１９９３）地质与选矿００１浙江晚元古代火山岩系形成环境的稀土元素证据，叶瑛等，地球化学，１９９３，（３），２６９．００２大别杂岩内角闪质岩石的稀土元素特征及其成因，王江海，地球化学，１９９３，（２），１５５．００３上地幔Ｓｎｉ／...     

星际化学简介

近十多年来,在射电天文学、空间科学、环境保护学等学科的推动下,星际化学有了引人注目的发展。星际化学,以天文学同化学的结合为特征,主要研究星际云中分子的生成与转化,考察离子-分子反应对非地球环境中有机分子     

喜看《走近化学》丛书第二辑问世

继1998年《走近化学》丛书第一辑出版后不足一年,第二辑又出版了。第二辑8种图书涉及宇宙、地球、生命、生活和环境及核能等当今世界的重大与化学有关的现实问题,不仅具有重要的实践意义而且也涉及化学发展的前沿,显然对于青少年了解化学的现状,启发创新意识有独特的作用。因此,是值得庆贺的一件喜事。     

打开化学世界的窗口

科学出版社出版的多品种化学类期刊是打开化学世界的一扇窗口,可供化学领域的专家、研究人员、教学人员和工程技术人员选择阅读。这里再介绍7种:《催化学报》是发表多相催化、均相络合催化、催化动力学、表面化学、生物催化以及有创造性论文的季刊。《高分子学报》是发表高分子合成、高分子化学、高分子物理和物理化学、高分子应用论文的双月刊。《燃料化学学报》是发表有关煤炭、石油、页岩油和天然气等燃料的化学和化工方面基础工作论文的季刊。《地球化学》是发表创造性和综合性论文的季刊,内容包括岩石学、同位素地质学、字宙地球化学、有机地球化学、海洋地球化学、构造地     

Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry for analyses of organic compounds and biomarkers as tracers for geological, environmental, and forensic research

Gas chromatography, especially when coupled with mass spectrometry, is the analytical method of choice for elucidation of biomarker compounds present in organic mixtures extracted from geological, environmental, and biological samples. This review describes the biomarker concept, i. e., the precursor natural products to the geological/environmental derivatives, and their application as multi-tracers in the geosphere and ambient environment. The mass spectrometric methods currently utilized for such analyses are reviewed with a general key to the literature, and typical examples of applications using GC-MS are also described.     

自贡市城市地质环境分区评价

从自然地理条件、地质条件、环境质量、环境地质问题等方面着手,以地形地貌、区域地壳稳定性、岩（土）体工程地质特征、环境污染、地质灾害为要素开展了自贡市城市地质环境质量评价;采用了权重法、层次分析法等计算方法得出了地质环境综合评价指数,对自贡市进行了地质环境评价分区;为城市的发展规划提供了可靠的地质依据。     

Surface-analytical studies on environmental and geochemical surface processes.

The surface chemical compositions of solid samples from environmental and geological sources can differ from the bulk or average compositions, because of changes caused by adsorption, dissolution, oxidation, etc. Accordingly, analytical information on surface layers is important for a better understanding of the environmental chemistry involving solid surfaces. The rapid development of surface-analytical techniques has enabled us to probe the surface chemistry of environmental and geological solid samples of complex composition. This article demonstrates some examples of important items of information that can be obtained by applying surface-analytical techniques, such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry, to environmental and geological samples. The surface analysis of fly ashes, soils, sediments and weathered silicate minerals is reviewed.     

Levels and behavior of natural radioactivity in the vicinity of phosphate fertilizer plants

Phosphate rocks are used for phosphoric acid production, which is the basis of agricultural phosphate fertilizers. It is known that phosphate ores contain, due to geological reasons, important amounts of natural radioactivity, mainly U-isotopes and daughters. By studying a specific case in Southwestern Spain, it is shown that the operation of phosphate fertilizer factories clearly enhance the natural radiation levels of its close environment. Levels of U-, Th-isotopes, and other natural radionuclides are given for a wide set of different samples, which support such a conclusion. In addition, the study of isotopic ratios gives information on the environmental behavior of such radionuclides.     

Environmental monitoring and in situ gamma spectrometry

In situ gamma ray spectrometry is widely used for monitoring of natural as well as man-made radionuclides and corresponding gamma fields in the environment or working places. It finds effective application in the operational and accidental monitoring of nuclear facilities and their vicinity, spent fuel storages and waste depositories, radioactive contamination measurements and mapping, environmental, radiohygienic and radiation safety studies, geological prospecting and mapping, etc. Progressive spectrometric methods based on scintillation and semiconductor spectrometry and spectral deconvolution are discussed, including experimental arrangement as well as detection system responses/response matrixes simulation using stochastic (Monte Carlo) models. Methods for ground-level and airborne measurements are presented.     

Principles,methodologies, and applications of photon activation analysis: a review

This review describes the basic principles of photon activation analysis (PAA) and gives an extensive overview of its numerous applications. Uses of PAA for environmental, biological, geological, archeological, and forensic samples are reviewed. Both scientific and industrial applications of PAA are covered. Potential future uses of PAA are addressed.     

Comparison of the role of photon and neutron activation analyses for elemental characterization of geological,biological and environmental materials

The potential of photon activation analysis (PAA) for multielement trace analysis can hardly compare with that of neutron activation analysis (NAA). However, PAA appears superior over NAA for the determination of a number of elements, namely C, N, O, F, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, Ni, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Sn, Tl and Pb in geological, environmental and biological materials. Most of these and other elements can be determined using nondestructive, instrumental PAA (IPAA), especially in geological materials. The possibilities of IPAA for multielement analysis using photoexitation and other photonuclear reactions are reviewed and compared with those of instrumental NAA (INAA), namely for geological materials. The need for and usefulness of radiochemical PAA (RPAA) procedures are also discussed.     

Environmental risk assessment of pharmaceutical residues in wastewater effluents, surface waters and sediments

Pharmaceutical residues in the environment, and their potential toxic effects, have been recognized as one of the emerging research area in the environmental chemistry. The increasing attention, on pharmaceutical residues as potential pollutants, is due that they often have similar physico-chemical behaviour than other harmful xenobiotics which are persistent or produce adverse effects. In addition, by contrast with regulated pollutants, which often have longer environmental half-lives, its continuous introduction in the environment may make them “pseudopersistents”.Pharmaceutical residues and/or their metabolites are usually detected in the environment at trace levels, but, even that, low concentration levels (ng/L or μg/L) can induce to toxic effects. In particular, this is the case of antibiotics and steroids that cause resistance in natural bacterial populations or endocrine disruption effects.In this study, an overview of the environmental occurrence and ecological risk assessment of pharmaceutical residues is presented from literature data. Risk Quotient method (RQ) was applied as a novel approach to estimate the environmental risk of pharmaceuticals that are most frequently detected in wastewater effluents, surface waters and sediments.     

地球化学分析

本文回顾、评述了我国在岩石、矿物、矿石与矿产资源、土地、环境地质与放射性测量、海洋、地下水资源、煤炭等与地球化学分析相关的研究领域中，在过去两年所取得的研究进展。     

Problems,possibilities and limitations of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry in the determination of platinum,palladium and rhodium in samples with different matrix composition

The economic and geological importance of platinum group of elements has led to the development of analytical methods to quantify them in different types of samples. In the present paper the quantitative information for spectral interference in radial viewing 40.68 MHz inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry in the determination of Pt, Pd and Rh in the presence of complex matrix, containing Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, P and Ti as matrix constituents was obtained. The database was used for optimum line selections. By using the selected analysis lines the following detection limits in ng g^− 1 were obtained: Pt 1700, Pd-1440, Rh-900. The reached detection limits determine the possibilities and limitation of the direct ICP-AES method in the determination of Pt, Pd and Rh in geological and environmental materials. The database for spectral interferences in the presence of aluminum can be used for the determination of platinum group of elements in car catalysts.