Eu3+激活的SrO-BaO-SiO2发光材料的合成和特性研究

(Sr,Ba)SiO₃:Eu³⁺是以SrCO₃、BaCO₃、H₂SiO₃、Li₂CO₃、Eu₂(C₂O₄)₃为原料,经高温烧结而成。合成发光材料过程中,用正交试验法进行实验条件的探索。得到了发光材料的最佳组成为:(Sr_0.8Ba_0.2)_0.95Eu_0.025Li_0.025SiO₃或Si_0.95Eu_0.025Li_0.025SiO₃。最佳实验条件为:灼烧温度1150℃,灼烧时间3小时。通过X-射线粉末衍射谱、激光荧光光谱、发光光谱和激发光谱研究了发光材料的结构和发光特性。     

稀土氧化物的光声光谱

本文报导了在自制的GS-1型光声光谱仪上首次测得的La₂O₃、CeO₂、Pr₆O₁₁、Nd₂O₃、Sm₂O₃、Eu₂O₃、Gd₂O₃、Tb₄O₇、Dy₂O₃、Ho₂O₃、Er₂O₃、Tm₂O₃、Yb₂O₃、Lu₂O₃等镧系元素14个稀土氧化物的光声光谱。实验结果与文献报导的漫反射谱一致。为从事稀土化合物研究和应用的人员提供了可参考的光谱数据。     

以十二烷基苯磺酸钠为模型反应物的Y2O3/TiO2复合催化剂的制备及光降解催化性能

采用浸渍法制备了Y₂O₃/TiO₂复合氧化物催化剂,并用紫外可见光谱、SEM、BET等手段对其进行了表征.以水相十二烷基苯磺酸钠(DBS)溶液的光催化降解反应为实验模型,考察了TiO₂掺杂Y₂O₃后的光催化氧化活性,并探讨了Y₂O₃掺杂量、吸附性、焙烧温度及时间对Y₂O₃/TiO₂复合氧化物催化剂光催化活性的影响.实验结果表明:复合氧化物催化剂Y₂O₃/TiO₂存在某一最佳组分比值,当两者重量比为1:200时,其催化活性是同样条件下前体催化剂TiO₂的2.4倍.     

臭氧提高纳米TiO2光催化活性的ESR分析

以5,5-二甲基-1-吡咯啉-N-氧化物(DMPO)为自由基捕获剂,分别以去离子水和二甲基亚砜(DMSO)为溶剂,利用电子自旋共振(ESR)方法对UV、O₃、TiO₂/O₃、TiO₂/UV/O₂、UV/O₃和TiO₂/UV/O₃这6种体系中形成的羟基自由基(·OH)和超氧阴离子自由基(·O₂^-)进行了检测,同时考察了反应时间、催化剂投量以及体系溶解氧对TiO₂/UV/O₃体系形成·OH和·O₂^-的影响.结果显示,在纳米TiO₂光催化体系中加入臭氧,能显著增加反应体系中·OH和·O₂^-自由基的生成量,6种体系中DMPO-·OH和DMPO-·O₂^-加合物的ESR波谱峰信号强度分别为:TiO₂/UV/O₃>TiO₂/UV/O₂>UV/O₃>UV>TiO₂/O₃>O₃和TiO₂/UV/O₃≈TiO₂/UV/O₂>TiO₂/O₃>UV>UV/O₃>O₃,在TiO₂/UV/O₃体系中成功监测到·O₃^-自由基的存在.     

2.7NaF-AlF3(7wt%CaF2)-Al2O3-YM2O3体系物理化学性质的研究

本文系统研究了冰晶石熔体中添加钇族稀土碳酸盐即2.7NaF·AlF₃(7Wt%CaF₂)-Al₂O₃-YM₂O₃体系的一系列物理化学性质。 应用最优化设计原理,研究了该体系的初晶温度、表面张力、密度、粘度和电导率,分别得到了表征该体系初晶温度、粘度与Al₂O₃、YM₂O₃浓度关系的回归方程以及该体系表面张力、密度、电导率与Al₂O₃、YM₂O₃浓度和温度关系的回归方程。     

H2PdCl4和竞争吸附剂在Al2O3上吸附的研究

研究了H₂PdCl₄和乙酸等有机酸在Al₂O₃上的吸附行为,发现H₂PdCl₄和乙酸等六种竞争吸附剂在Al₂O₃上均呈Langmuir型等温吸附,得到了H₂PdCl₄在Al₂O₃上的吸附速度式,注意到溶液的pH值和竞争吸附剂对H₂PdCl₄的吸附动力学曲线均有影响。考察了H₂PdCl₄和竞争吸附剂共存溶液的紫外吸收光谱,对H₂PdCl₄在Al₂O₃上的浸渍过程进行了讨论。     

掺杂Eu2O3的SrTiO3及SnO2光致发光

用具有大能隙的本征半导体(SrTiO₃及SnO₂)粉末作本体,分别掺杂1%(原子百分数)的Eu₂O₃;所得物质表现出Eu³⁺离子的线发射光谱特性,但相对发光强度及光谱形状有相当大的变化。X射线衍射结构分析显示Eu³⁺在SrTiO₃晶格里是处在间隙位置,而它在SnO₂晶格里则形成新物相Eu₂Sn₂O₇。     

聚合物固载化钌金属簇络合物四氢化十二羰基四钌的合成及催化性能研究

本文合成并鉴定了H₄Ru₄(CO)₁₂,H₄Ru₄(CO)₁₀(PPh₃)₂,制备了以|—Ph—CH₂PPh₂,SiO₂)Ph-CH₂PPh₂,|-Ph-CH₂N(Et)P(NEt₂)₂为聚合物配位体的固载化钌金属簇络合物,考察了上述络合物对己烯-1氢化和异构化反应的催化性能,以及溶剂,反应时间,载体的交联度,配位体种类,配位体/金属比等因素对催化剂活性,选择性,稳定性的影响。     

硝酸铕18-C-6(4:3)络合物的晶体结构

标题化合物的分子式为[Eu(NO₃)₆][Eu(NO₃)₂C₁₂H₂₄O₆]₃。晶体属单斜晶系,空间群为C2/m,a=28.772(6),b=11.142(2),c=12.024(2)Å,β=112.63(2)°,Z=2。对1167个可观察反射(I≥3σ(I)),用块矩阵最小二乘法精修所有的结构参数,最后的一致性因子R=0.063。结构分析表明:晶体学上有三个不同的离子,(1)[Eu(NO₃)₆]^3-,(2)[Eu(NO₃)₂C₁₂H₂₄O₆]⁺(有序)和(3)[Eu(NO₃)₂C₁₂H₂₄O₆]⁺(无序)。前两个离子都具有C_2h对称性。第三个离子是C₁对称性,它有一个无序的冠醚环。在Fourier图上二个冠醚环叠加,它们的相互交错角为32°。     

铁系催化剂对丁烯的氧化脱氢催化作用特征

x光衍射分析表明,所制备的五种丁烯氧化脱氢用铁系催化剂样品分别具有α-Fe₂O₃、γ-Fe₂O₃、ZnFe₂O₄、ZnFe₂O₄•20%α-Fe₂O₃和ZnFe₂O₄20%γFe₂O₃物相结构。在五种样品上分别进行了氧和丁烯的吸附及其程序升温脱附,初步结果表明:α-Fe₂O₃、γ-Fe₂O₃和ZnFe₂O₄都是丁烯氧化脱氢反应的活性相,但它们吸附氧和吸附丁烯的能力不同,对丁烯的异构化、氧化脱氢和燃烧反应的作用也有所不同。结合样品作为供氧体的试验结果,对丁烯在混合双相样品上的氧化脱氢过程作了初步讨论。     

Development of Au−Pd catalysts supported on carbon for a direct borohydride fuel cell

The purpose of this study is to diminish the hydrolysis of borohydride with good performances of a direct borohydride fuel cell (DBFC). Pd/C is considered as a proper anode catalyst for the DBFC. Au/C has lower activity for a hydrolysis reaction than other catalysts such as nickel, palladium, platinum, etc. Au?Pd catalysts supported on carbon (Au?Pd/C) were prepared with different weight ratios, 1∶3, 2∶2 and 3∶1. The performances of three different catalysts increased with the amount of Pd, while the hydrogen evolution rates were similar. Consequently, the catalysts prepared with a Au/Pd weight ratio of 1∶3 showed the best performance.     

外掺Y2O3对镍氢电池正极高温性能的影响

研究了外掺Y2O3对镍氢电池镍正极高温性能的影响. 通常镍正极在高温下放电比容量会骤然降低, 为了提高其高温性能, 进行了球型Ni(OH)2外掺不同比例Y2O3的实验, 对压制的镍电极在不同温度下的充放电情况进行了细致的研究. 研究发现外掺Y2O3的球型Ni(OH)2电极比普通球型Ni(OH)2电极的放电比容量在高温下要高出很多, 在0.2 C充放电情况下外掺1%是最佳比例, 它比普通球型Ni(OH)2电极的放电比容量要高出35%以上, 在1 C充放电情况下外掺0.2%是最佳比例, 它比普通球型Ni(OH)2电极的放电比容量要高出15%以上. 同时对外掺Y2O3提高镍正极放电比容量的原因也进行了初步探讨.     

锂离子电池正极材料LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2

镍钴锰三元材料作为锂二次电池正极材料是目前国内外研究热点。综述了三元材料近几年国内外的研究状况，重点介绍了LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2材料的结构与电化学性能的内在联系，探讨了不同制备方法及不同元素的掺杂改性对材料的影响，讨论了LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2正极材料的应用前景。     

碳纳米管/五氧化二钒空心球的制备及其电化学性能研究

采用溶剂热法制备了碳纳米管穿插的分级结构五氧化二钒空心球（VOC_x）. 使用XRD、SEM、循环伏安曲线和充放电曲线研究了不同碳纳米管量对产物结构、形貌和电化学性能的影响. 结果表明,碳纳米管的加入明显改善了VOC的倍率特性. 碳纳米管含量为7.1%时,0.5 A·g^-1电流密度下,其比电容达到346 F·g^-1,8 A·g^-1电流密度时,其电容保持率可达75%. 与活性炭组装成混合电容器,在功率密度为700 W·kg^-1时,能量密度达12.6 Wh·kg^-1.     

铝代α-Co（OH）2的制备及其电化学性能

采用化学共沉淀方法制备了Co-Al双金属氢氧化物,用红外光谱对所制样品的成分进行分析;用X射线衍射和场发射扫描电子显微镜表征产物的结构和形貌;用循环伏安、恒电流充放电等测试方法对Co/Al摩尔比为9∶1、8∶2和7∶3的铝代α-Co(OH)2的电化学性能进行研究。测试表明,Co/Al摩尔比为8∶2的铝代α-Co(OH)2具有最佳的电容性能,单电极比电容可达1180F/g,并且在1A/g电流密度下循环500周后,比电容仍能保持91%,有望成为电化学电容器的电极材料。     

载体对氧化铜高温脱硫过程影响的研究

通过ＸＲＤ（Ｘ－射线衍射），ＸＰＳ（Ｘ－射线光电子能谱），ＴＰＳ（程序升温硫化）及固定床脱硫性能测试等手段对负载型氧化铜脱硫剂进行了较系统的研究，结果表明载体的存在减小了内扩散阻力，提高了单位氧化铜脱硫剂的硫容，氧化铜在不同载体上的分散状态也不尽相同，Ｃ２ｐ３／２，Ｏ１ｓ自由能存在明显差异，ＴＰＳ研究表明不同载体上的单层分散的及未分散的氧化铜的硫化温度也存在区别。     

Honeycomb-shaped PtSnNa/γ-Al2O3/cordierite monolithic catalyst with improved stability and selectivity for propane dehydrogenation

A novel honeycomb-shaped PtSnNa/γ-Al₂O₃/cordierite monolithic catalyst was developed. It was found that, the unique structure of the material led to the improved catalyst performances versus the conventional granule catalyst.     

Honeycomb-shaped Pt Sn Na/y-Al_2O_3/cordierite monolithic catalyst with improved stability and selectivity for propane dehydrogenation

novel honeycomb-shaped Pt Sn Na/g-Al_2 O_3/cordierite monolithic catalyst(Pt 0.5%, Sn 0.9%, Na 1.0%,relative to Al2 O3 weight) was developed and its catalytic performances in propane dehydrogenation were tested and compared with the classical granule catalyst with same Pt, Sn and Na contents under the conditions of 0.1 MPa, 590C, C_3 H_8/H_2 at 3/1(molar ratio) and gas hourly space velocity(GHSV) at155 h~(-1). Interestingly, despite the generated coke amount and exposed Pt fraction, the honey combshaped structure of monolithic catalyst exerted important influences on its catalytic activities and led to the advanced catalytic performances over the granule catalyst.     

Two-photon photochromism of two simple chromene derivatives

Two kinds of typical chromene derivatives, 5a,9-dimethyl-5aH-benzo[b]chromene (1) and 7a,11-dimethyl-7aH-dibenzo[b,f]chromene (2), were synthesized to understand the relationship between molecular structures and two-photon photochromism for chromene derivatives. The photochromic performances of 1 and 2 in hexane were investigated by measuring ultraviolet (UV)–visible absorption and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance spectral changes upon UV irradiation. The results indicate that 1 showed the two-photon photochromic reaction, whereas the main photochemical reaction of 2 was the isomerization between the open-E and open-Z isomers. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that these different photochromic performances are attributed to the differences in relative stabilities of closed, open-Z and open-E isomers for 1 and 2. Combined with DFT calculations for 12aH-12a-methyl-naphtho[3,2]chromene (3), the most typical chromene derivative well exhibiting two-photon photochromism, we conclude that chromene derivatives show the best two-photon photochromic performances only if closed isomers are more stable than open-Z and open-E isomers.     

Nitrogen-doped Carbon Coated Na3V2(PO4)3 with Superior Sodium Storage Capability

Cathodes with high cycling stability and rate capability are required for ambient temperature sodium ion batteries in renewable energy storage application. Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ is an attractive cathode material with excellent electrochemical stability and fast ion diffusion coefficient within the 3D NASICON structure. Nevertheless, the practical application of Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ is seriously hindered by its intrinsically poor electronic conductivity. Herein, solvent evaporation method is presented to obtain the nitrogen-doped carbon coated Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ cathode material, delivering enhanced electrochemical performances. N-Doped carbon layer coating serves as a highly conducting pathway, and creates numerous extrinsic defects and active sites, which can facilitate the storage and diffusion of Na⁺. Moreover, the N-doped carbon layer can provide a stable framework to accommodate the agglomeration of the electrode upon electrode cycling. N-Doped carbon coated Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃(NC-NVP) exhibits excellent long cycling life and superior rate performances than bare Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ without carbon coating. NC-NVP delivers a stable capacity of 95.9 mA·h/g after 500 cycles at 1 C rate, which corresponds to high capacity retention(94.6%) with respect to the initial capacity(101.4 mA·h/g). Over 91.3% of the initial capacity is retained after 500 cycles at 5 C, and the capacity can reach 85 mA·h/g at 30 C rate.