导数吸附伏安法同时测定柠檬黄及日落黄

色素日落黄和柠檬黄在ｐＨ８．２的硼酸钠－酸介质中均有良好的吸附伏安波，但波峰相互重叠，难以同时测定。本文提出以二阶导数法对日落黄和柠檬黄的重叠伏安波谱进行分析，以达到日落黄和柠檬黄同时测定的目的，方法简便快速。本法分析几种饮料中的日落黄及柠檬黄，结果满意。     

双波长补偿计算法同时测定饮料中的日落黄及胭脂红

采用双波长补偿计算法同时测定饮料中的食用合成色素日落黄与胭脂红。日落黄的线性范围为4～60μg／mL，相关系数为0．9999，回收率为97．9％，RSD为0．7164％；胭脂红的线性范围为20～60μg／mL，相关系数为0．9999，回收率为100．5％，RSD为0．7670％。该法操作简单，灵敏度高。     

基于原子层沉积技术的壳层隔绝纳米粒子用于色素的增强拉曼光谱检测

以原子层沉积技术(ALD)制备出的壳层厚度为1 nm的Ag@Al_2O_3核壳纳米粒子为基底,采用壳层隔绝纳米粒子增强拉曼光谱(SHINERS)技术对色素检测进行探究。对Ag@Al_2O_3粒子的最佳粒径、色素检出限做了研究,并对实际样品中日落黄和柠檬黄的色素添加进行SHINERS检测。结果表明,对日落黄和柠檬黄具有最佳SHINERS效果的Ag@Al_2O_3粒子的最佳粒径为300 nm,方法对日落黄和柠檬黄标准溶液的检出限分别为10μg/L和100μg/L,对液体饮料中日落黄和柠檬黄标准品的SHINERS检出限分别为10 mg/L和50 mg/L,对所选实际样品中部分样品的日落黄和柠檬黄添加不符合国家标准。     

食品中合成色素快速检测仪器的研制

基于人工合成色素在可见光区的光吸收及偏最小二乘变量筛选法,研制出合成色素速测仪器,并应用于饮料、糖果、果冻、调色酒等食品中合成色素的快速检测.速测仪具有便携、功耗低、操作简便、检测时间短并可同时对多种人工合成色素进行实时现场快速检测、检测结果准确等优点.对样品中5种食用合成色素柠檬黄、日落黄、胭脂红、苋菜红和亮蓝的检测...     

羧甲基纤维素钠接枝日落黄的合成、表征和抗还原性研究

日落黄等合成类偶氮色素,在人体内部分被还原成有害物质。为了设计低毒的食用色素,本文介绍了在水相体系中,以羧甲基纤维素钠-赖氨酸希夫碱和日落黄色素为配体,通过钙离子和锌离子,制备了钙、锌络合羧甲基纤维素钠-赖氨酸希夫碱和日落黄色素。通过傅里叶红外光谱(IR)、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICPAES)、扫描电镜(SEM)及核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)分析,表明羧甲基纤维素钠-赖氨酸希夫碱接枝了日落黄色素。通过紫外-可见吸收光谱法测定了接枝度,在钙离子和锌离子的配位作用下,日落黄色素达到的最高接枝率分别为32.8%,27.6%。最后,用NADH还原酶还原羧甲基纤维素钠接枝日落黄,结果表明羧甲基纤维素钠接枝日落黄的抗还原性能得到提高。     

基于花生壳碳点快速检测饮料中日落黄和柠檬黄

以一步水热法合成的强荧光性花生壳碳点（PE-CDs）为荧光探针,建立了简单、灵敏快速检测饮料中着色剂日落黄和柠檬黄的方法。日落黄和柠檬黄分别与荧光PE-CDs结合发生静态猝灭作用。在最优条件下,日落黄溶液浓度在6.8～1130μg/mL、柠檬黄溶液浓度在0.2～50μg/mL范围内,都与PE-CDs的荧光猝灭程度呈良好的线性关系,检出限分别为9.3 ng/mL和0.38 ng/mL。对饮料样品中的日落黄和柠檬黄进行测定,回收率分别为96.3%～105.0%和95.0%～106.7%。     

化学计量学-分光光度法测定饮料中的混合色素——推荐一个仪器分析实验

介绍一个将紫外-可见分光光度法与化学计量学法相结合的仪器分析实验,该实验在不经分离的情况下,同时测定市售饮料中柠檬黄、日落黄、胭脂红3种色素的含量。介绍了实验目的、原理、方法内容、教学效果,以及MATLAB软件的简单应用等。     

荧光光谱法测定饮料中的日落黄

建立了荧光光谱法测定饮料中日落黄含量的方法.实验结果表明,在pH为10的NH3·H2O-NH4Cl缓冲溶液中,日落黄在波长303 nm的紫外光激发下,最大发射波长位于430 nm,其荧光强度与日落黄浓度在0.05～4.0 mg/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系.方法的检出限(3σ)为0.024 mg/L,相对标准偏差(RSD...     

共振瑞利散射光谱法测定饮料中日落黄

日落黄与壳聚糖盐酸盐发生缔合反应形成离子缔合物可使体系共振光显著增强。在1.0 mL pH 5.5的BR缓冲溶液中,该体系共振散射强度最大,反应可在室温5 min内迅速完成。在0.6～9μg.mL-1范围内散射强度(ΔI)与日落黄的浓度成正比,检出限为0.395μg.mL-1(n=5)。建立了一种简便、快速测定日落黄的方法,并成功用于饮料样品中日落黄含量的测定.加标回收率为93.0～101.8%,RSD为1.8～3.4%。     

导数伏安法同时测定5种混合人工合成色素

建立了同时测定胭脂红、柠檬黄、日落黄、赤藓红、苋菜红5种食用人工合成色素的1.5次线性扫描伏安法,并讨论了人工合成色素在悬汞电极上的反应机理.本方法简单快速,灵敏度高,重现性好,可以不经分离同时测定食品中的多种着色剂.     

近红外光谱法测定ABS树脂中氮含量

根据58个丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)树脂样品的近红外漫反射光谱数据结合偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立了ABS树脂中氮含量定量分析的校正模型。结果表明;在近红外光谱区(7501.8～5449.9cm~(-1))内,主因子数为9时,定量模型的准确度最好。通过对模型进行t-检验,在显著性水平为0.05的条件下,其测定结果与标准方法的测定结果对比,两者无显著性差异。预测相关系数(r)和相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为0.9924和3.3%。     

Quantitative Analysis of Chromium(VI) in Dilute Solution by Using Adsorption and Diffuse Reflectance Near‐infrared Spectroscopy

A method for quantitative determination of metal element in aqueous solution was developed by using adsorption and diffuse reflectance near‐infrared spectroscopy (DRNIRS). In this method, the analyte is firstly adsorbed onto the resin from the dilute solution, and then the adsorbed analyte is directly determined in the sorbent by using DRNIRS. Enrichment of the analyte is achieved by the adsorption from the dilute solution, and quantitative determination is accomplished by using multivariate calibration technique. Taking chromium(VI) in river water as the analytical target, adsorption conditions and the partial least squares (PLS) model was optimized. The results show that chromium(VI) can be immobilized onto the adsorbent and quantitatively measured by DRNIRS and multivariate calibration. With cross validation and external validation, the correlation coefficient between the reference and predicted concentration was found to be above 0.98 in the range of 0.75–29.90 mg·L⁻¹ for the PLS model, and the interference of the coexisting matrix was eliminated with the aid of multivariate calibration.     

Reduction of interferences in graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry by multiple linear regression modelling

The multivariate effects of Na, K, Mg and Ca as nitrates on the electrothermal atomisation of manganese, cadmium and iron were studied by multiple linear regression modelling. Since the models proved to efficiently predict the effects of the considered matrix elements in a wide range of concentrations, they were applied to correct the interferences occurring in the determination of trace elements in seawater after pre-concentration of the analytes. In order to obtain a statistically significant number of samples, a large volume of the certified seawater reference materials CASS-3 and NASS-3 was treated with Chelex-100 resin; then, the chelating resin was separated from the solution, divided into several sub-samples, each of them was eluted with nitric acid and analysed by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (for trace element determinations) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (for matrix element determinations). To minimise any other systematic error besides that due to matrix effects, accuracy of the pre-concentration step and contamination levels of the procedure were checked by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric measurements. Analytical results obtained by applying the multiple linear regression models were compared with those obtained with other calibration methods, such as external calibration using acid-based standards, external calibration using matrix-matched standards and the analyte addition technique. Empirical models proved to efficiently reduce interferences occurring in the analysis of real samples, allowing an improvement of accuracy better than for other calibration methods.     

金线莲总生物碱的提取及含量测定

建立了金线莲总生物碱的提取和测定方法.将金线莲全草粉末用pH=2的水溶液提取,以阳离子交换树脂吸附后,经酸化,用氯仿/甲醇(体积比2∶1)对其进行索氏提取,蒸发有机溶剂.冷冻干燥即得金线莲总生物碱.以盐酸麻黄碱为对照品,酸性染料比色法测定总生物碱,折算为盐酸麻黄碱获得总生物碱含量.测得金线莲总生物碱含量是0.079 4%,线性回归方程A=0.009 2C-0.001 6(r=0.999 9),回收率103.13%.本提取及含量测定方法操作简单,总生物碱的提取率较高.     

微波辅助萃取-气相色谱质谱法测定丙烯酸树脂中9种残余单体

建立了丙烯酸树脂中9种残余单体(丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸丁酯、苯乙烯、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸)的微波辅助萃取-气相色谱-质谱检测方法。固体丙烯酸树脂样品用乙酸乙酯微波萃取后加甲醇沉淀(液态丙烯酸树脂样品直接用甲醇稀释)后,采用DB-WAX毛细管柱分离。结果表明,本方法在20 min内同时分离了9种单体,所测物质的定量限(LOQ,以信噪比为10计)为3～50 mg/kg(固体树脂)和1～10 mg/kg(液态树脂);在1～500 mg/L范围内,线性相关系数均在0.995以上;在5个添加水平下平均回收率为84.4%～108.6%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为0.27%～4.97%。方法的灵敏度和回收率高、选择性好,能满足实际工作的要求。     

Analysis of powdered tungsten carbide hard-metal precursors and cemented compact tungsten carbides using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been applied to the direct analysis of powdered tungsten carbide hard-metal precursors and cemented tungsten carbides. The aim of this work was to examine the possibility of quantitative determination of the niobium, titanium, tantalum and cobalt. The investigated samples were in the form of pellets, pressed with and without binder (powdered silver) and in the form of cemented tungsten carbides. The pellets were prepared by pressing the powdered material in a hydraulic press. Cemented tungsten carbides were embedded in resin for easier manipulation.

Several lasers and detection systems were utilized. The Nd:YAG laser working at a basic wavelength of 1064 nm and fourth-harmonic frequency of 266 nm with a gated photomultiplier or ICCD detector HORIBA JY was used for the determination of niobium which was chosen as a model element. Different types of surrounding gases (air, He, Ar) were investigated for analysis. The ICCD detector DICAM PRO with Mechelle 7500 spectrometer with ArF laser (193 nm) and KrF laser (248 nm) were employed for the determination of niobium, titanium, tantalum and cobalt in samples under air atmosphere. Good calibration curves were obtained for Nb, Ti, and Ta (coefficients of determination r² > 0.96). Acceptable calibration curves were acquired for the determination of cobalt (coefficient of determination r² = 0.7994) but only for the cemented samples. In the case of powdered carbide precursors, the calibration for cobalt was found to be problematic.     

Determination of ofloxacin enantiomers in sewage using two-step solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection

A robust analytical method has been developed and validated for the trace analysis of ofloxacin enantiomers in sewage using two-step solid-phase extraction purification and liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (LC-FL). Ofloxacin enantiomers were separated on an Aglient TC-C-18 column using MeOH-water containing 4mmol/L CuSO4 and 5mmol/L l-isoleucine as mobile phase. The ofloxacin enantiomers were first extracted by a weak cation-exchange resin (WCX) and eluted with acidified MeOH (0.5% formic acid), then further purified by mixed mode of anion-exchange resin (MAX), resulting in ofloxacin recoveries generally above 95%. The limit of quantification was 0.08microg/L for each enantiomer. No significant matrix effect was found during the analytical procedure and standard solution calibration curves could be used for quantification. Total concentrations of both enantiomers in real sewage samples based on LC-FL method were consistent with those obtained upon liquid chromatography using tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method.     

Preconcentration and determination of tellurium in garlic samples by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry

A procedure for the determination of traces of total tellurium (Te) in garlic (Allium sativa) is described that combines hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry with preconcentration of the analyte by coprecipitation. The samples, each spiked with lanthanum nitrate (20 mg/L), are introduced into an Amberlite XAD-4 resin and mixed with ammonium buffer (pH 9.1). Te is preconcentrated by coprecipitation with the generated lanthanum hydroxide precipitate. The precipitate is quantitatively collected in the resin, eluted with hydrochloric acid, and then transferred into the atomizer device. Considering a sample consumption of 25 mL, an enrichment factor of 10 was obtained. The detection limit (3sigma) was 0.03 microg/L, and the precision (relative standard deviation) was 3.5% (n = 10) at the 10 microg/L level. The calibration graph using the preconcentration system for Te was linear with a correlation coefficient of 0.9993. Satisfactory results were obtained for the analysis of Te in garlic samples.     

ABS有焰燃烧烟密度标准物质的研制

介绍ABS有焰燃烧烟密度标准物质的研制方法。选用ABS757树脂粒料，加入一定的金红石型TiO2，注射成型为标准物质。标准物质的均匀性和稳定性良好，在不同时间，由不同人员在有焰燃烧条件下对标准物质进行测定。经过对测定数据进行统计处理，确定ABS有焰燃烧烟密度标准物质烟密度的标准值为520，扩展不确定度为23，校正烟密度标准值为460，扩展不确定度为20。     

应用遗传算法和PLS的近红外光谱预测玉米中淀粉含量的研究

以普通玉米籽粒为试验材料,在应用遗传算法结合偏最小二乘回归法对近红外光谱数据进行特征波长选择的基础上,应用偏最小二乘回归法建立了特征波长测定玉米籽粒中淀粉含量的校正模型．试验结果表明,基于11个特征波长所建立的校正模型,其校正误差（RMSEC）、交叉检验误差（RMSECV）和预测误差（RMSEP）分别为0.30％、0.35％和0.27％,校正数据集和独立的检验数据集的预测值与实际测定值之间的相关系数分别达到0.9279和0.9390,与全光谱数据所建立的预测模型相比,在预测精度上均有所改善,表明应用遗传算法和PLS进行光谱特征选择,能获得更简单和更好的模型,为玉米籽粒中淀粉含量的近红外测定和红外光谱数据的处理提供了新的方法与途径．