给药硝酸镨后大鼠尿液和血清的核磁共振代谢组学研究

采用基于核磁共振的代谢组学方法,分析了腹腔注射给药2,10和50 mg/kg体重剂量硝酸镨(Pr(NO3)3) 168 h内Wistar大鼠尿液和血清的核磁共振氢谱.由尿液及血清中内源性代谢物如柠檬酸、琥珀酸、α-酮戊二酸、肌酸酐、N-氧三甲胺、氨基酸、乳酸、牛磺酸及葡萄糖等的浓度变化,并结合大鼠血清指标研究了轻稀土化合物Pr(NO3)3在大鼠体内的急性生物效应.结果表明,Pr(NO3)3急性毒性的靶向器官为肝脏和肾脏,但以肝脏为主,且呈现明显的剂量-反应关系.低、中剂量组的Pr(NO3)3会通过改变大鼠体内酶代谢而造成肝脏线粒体中的能量代谢(脂肪、糖代谢)紊乱;同时,Pr(NO3)3还会影响肾脏的正常功能,改变肾脏中渗透质的平衡,影响肾脏对氨基酸的重吸收和利用.     

魔角旋转核磁共振代谢组学方法对镧、铈急性生物效应的比较研究

利用高分辨魔角旋转核磁共振(MAS 1H NMR)技术对腹腔注射不同剂量[2, 10, 50 mg/kg(体重)]的硝酸镧[La(NO3)3]和硝酸铈[Ce(NO3)3] 的雄性Wistar大鼠肝、肾组织的MAS 1H NMR谱进行比较分析, 研究了La(NO3)3和Ce(NO3)3的急性生物效应, 并结合模式识别技术对不同剂量La(NO3)3和Ce(NO3)3的急性生物效应进行了分类. 研究结果表明, La(NO3)3对大鼠的急性毒性主要表现为肝毒, Ce(NO3)3对大鼠肝、肾同时造成损伤. 该方法可用于其它稀土及金属化合物的毒性预测和毒理学研究.     

硝酸镥急性毒性的体液核磁共振氢谱研究

采用现代核磁共振技术,通过分析灌胃给药0．01、0．05、0．2、2、10和100ms／kg剂量Lu(NO3)3 24h内大鼠尿液及24h后大鼠血清的核磁共振氢谱(^1HNMR),由体液中内源性代谢物浓度的变化研究了稀土化合物在动物体内急性毒性。较高剂量组体液中的氨基酸、尿囊素、柠檬酸、氮氧三甲胺和肌酸酐等重要内源性代谢物的核磁共振谱峰强度发生了明显的变化,说明动物体内的代谢物出现异常：高剂量的稀土的引入可能使动物肾脏和肝脏均受到损害,且受损程度随稀土剂量的增高而渐趋严重。     

轻稀土镧、铈急性生物效应的血清1H NMR谱代谢组学研究

采用现代核磁共振和模式识别技术,通过分析腹腔注射给药La(NO3)3(2，10和50 mg/kg体重)和Ce(NO3)3(2，10和50 mg/kg体重) 48 h后大鼠血清的核磁共振氢谱,由内源性代谢物浓度的变化研究了两种稀土化合物在大鼠体内的急性生物效应,利用主成分分析法对两者进行了分类比较. 在低剂量(2 mg/kg体重)组La(NO3)3和Ce(NO3)3血清中， 乳酸和肌酸酐等内源性代谢物浓度发生了微小变化； 在高剂量组(10和50 mg/kg体重)中， 含量变化较大的重要内源性代谢物包括3-羟丁酸、丙氨酸、 肌酸酐、 丙酮、 乙酸、 琥珀酸和葡萄糖等,其中3-羟丁酸和丙氨酸等在La的剂量组中变化较大,Ce的剂量组血清中丙酮、 琥珀酸和葡萄糖含量变化明显. 实验结果表明， 低剂量La和Ce的毒性较低,并对机体影响较小,高剂量则对大鼠肝脏造成损伤,且Ce的毒性大于La.     

核磁共振技术及模式识别对硝酸镥急性毒性的研究

通过分析Wistar大鼠灌胃0.2,2,10和100mg/kg体重硝酸镥[Lu(NO₃)3]48h内尿液的¹HNMR谱,研究了重稀土化合物Lu(NO₃)3在大鼠体内的急性生物效应.以氯化汞、铬酸钠、四氯化碳、盐酸肼和异硫氰酸-α-萘酯为模型药物,利用模式识别技术解析大鼠尿液的¹HNMR谱,对不同剂量Lu(NO₃)3的生物效应进行了分类.结果表明,应用核磁共振和模式识别相结合的方法,可清楚地认识稀土化合物生物效应,低剂量Lu(NO₃)3(0.2,2mg/kg体重)的毒性与肾毒化合物铬酸钠类似,而高剂量Lu(NO₃)3(10,100mg/kg体重)归入肝毒化合物四氯化碳组.该方法也可用于其它金属化合物及中药等药物的毒理学研究.     

给药硝酸钕后大鼠完整肝组织及肝组织提取物的NMR代谢组学研究

通过分析不同给药剂量硝酸钕[Nd（NO3）3][2,10,50mg／kg（体重）]后,雄性Wistar大鼠完整肝组织的MAS1HNMR谱和肝组织提取物的^1H NMR谱,结合肝组织病理切片图,研究了稀土化合物Nd（NO3）3在大鼠体内的急性生物效应．利用模式识别方法对给药Nd（NO3）3组和对照组大鼠肝组织^1H NMR谱图数据进行了分析．结果表明,腹腔注射Nd（NO3）3后,大鼠肝脏中甘油三酯、亮氨酸（异亮氨酸）、乳酸、丙氨酸、丙酮酸、磷酸胆碱和葡萄糖含量升高,氮氧三甲胺含量降低．肝脏病理图显示,50mg／kg（体重）组大鼠肝细胞可见微小坏死灶和门管区炎细胞轻度增多．推测硝酸钕能影响大鼠肝脏中能量代谢（糖代谢和脂肪代谢）和氨基酸代谢,对大鼠肝脏造成损伤,且其损伤程度随剂量的增加有增强趋势．     

模型毒物急性毒性尿液核磁共振氢谱标记物的二阶段聚类分析

采用现代核磁共振技术,通过分析给药肝、肾损伤模型化合物异硫氰酸α-萘酯(灌胃150 mg/kg体重)和二溴乙胺氢溴酸盐(腹腔注射250 mg/kg体重)24 h内W istar大鼠尿液的1H NMR谱,由尿液中内源性代谢物浓度变化研究了肝、肾模型毒物在大鼠体内的急性毒性。首次利用模式识别技术中的二阶段聚类分析方法解析大鼠尿液1H NMR谱确定了模型化合物尿液1H NMR标记物。结果表明,应用核磁共振和二阶段聚类分析相结合的方法,可提供模型化合物毒性比较清楚的认识。该方法也可用于金属化合物、中药及其它药物的毒性分类和预测研究以及建议各类靶向毒性的NMR标记物。     

硫酸氧钒毒性的核磁共振代谢组学方法研究

采用基于核磁共振(NMR)的代谢组学方法,结合生化指标分析及组织病理学检测,研究了具有类胰岛素活性的硫酸氧钒(VOSO4)对Wistar大鼠的毒性作用.通过不同剂量的VOSO4对Wistar大鼠连续灌胃给药16d,收集大鼠的血清和尿液,并采集样品的1H NMR谱进行多变量数据统计分析来辨识其特征代谢物,然后采用TICL(a web Tool for automatic Interpretation of Compound List)方法建立特征代谢物的代谢网络模型,分析受影响的主要代谢途径及其相互关系.研究结果表明:高剂量组(45mg/kg)和低剂量组(15mg/kg)的特征代谢物含量与对照组存在明显的差异;与对照组相比,高剂量和低剂量组血清中乳酸、肌氨酸酐以及牛磺酸等代谢物的含量增加,尿液中氧化三甲胺(TMAO)、肌酐、牛磺酸和甘氨酸等代谢物的含量增加,并呈现显著的剂量依赖关系;给药组中乙酸和琥珀酸的含量都降低.这些结果说明VOSO4可能影响大鼠体内的糖代谢、脂类代谢及肠道菌群代谢等多个代谢系统,高剂量的VOSO4会导致肝脏毒性和肾脏损伤.     

硝酸镧对大鼠肝脏的亚慢性毒性实验研究

以大鼠为对象,连续用生理盐水和20,10,2,0．2,0．1mg.kg^-1La(NO3)3灌胃6个月后,观察了体重,肝体比变化;检测了血清中谷草转氨酶,谷丙转氨酶,碱性磷酸酶和δ－谷氨酰转移酶含量的变化,应用组织化学及透射电镜技术观察了不同剂量La(NO3)3对大鼠肝脏形态结构的影响。20mg/kg^-1La(NO3)3组动物体重增长缓慢,0．1mg.kg^-1La(NO3)3组动物体重增加较快;20mg/kg^-1La(NO3)3组肝脏汇管区有炎细胞浸润,有些肝细胞内有少量的脂滴,糖原减少,线粒体基质密度增高,有电子密度高的致密体,肝细胞核形态正常或轻度变形。     

反相微乳液介质中Nd2(CO3)3·8H2 O的可控合成

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)/正丁醇/正辛烷/硝酸钕[Nd(NO3)3]溶液(碳酸钠溶液)所组成的反相微乳液为反应介质, 采用微乳液溶剂热法合成了Nd2(CO3)3·8H2O, 并考察了水/核比([H2O]/[CTAB])和Nd(NO3)3的浓度对其形貌和尺寸的影响. 利用X射线衍射(XRD)、 热分析(DSC-TGA)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等对Nd2(CO3)3·8H2O的晶型、 形貌及尺寸进行了表征, 并提出了不同形貌Nd2(CO3)3·8H2O形成的可能机理. 结果表明, 随着水/核比的增大, Nd2(CO3)3·8H2O的形貌从多面体变成鱼尾状, 再变成针状; 随着Nd(NO3)3浓度的增大, 针状Nd2(CO3)3·8H2O的尺寸逐渐减小.     

Application of chemometrics to 1H NMR spectroscopic data to investigate a relationship between human serum metabolic profiles and hypertension

The application of chemometric methods to 1H NMR spectroscopic data has been documented for pathophysiological processes. In this study we show the application of 1H NMR-based metabonomics to investigate a relationship between serum metabolic profiles and hypertension. Although hypertension can be defined using blood pressure measurements, the underlying aetiology and metabolic effects are not so readily identified. Serum profiles for patients with low/normal systolic blood pressure (SBP < or = 130 mm Hg; n = 28), borderline SBP (131-149 mm Hg; n = 19) and high SBP (> or = 150 mm Hg; n = 17) were acquired using 1H NMR spectroscopy. Orthogonal signal correction followed by principal components analysis were applied to these NMR data in order to facilitate interpretation, and the resulting chemometric models were validated using Soft Independent Modelling of Class Analogy. Using 1H NMR-based metabonomics, it was possible to distinguish low/ normal SBP serum samples from borderline and high SBP samples. Borderline and high SBP samples, however, were indiscriminate from each other. Our preliminary results showed that there was a relationship between serum metabolic profiles and blood pressure which, in part, was due to lipoprotein particle composition differences between the samples. Furthermore, our results indicated that serum pathology associated with blood pressure is apparent at SBP values > 130 mm Hg, which the WHO and ISH currently define as the limit between normal and high-normal.     

肝细胞癌、肝硬化患者血清中代谢物组研究

采用核磁共振方法检测肝硬化、肝细胞癌(简称肝癌)患者和健康人血清中代谢物,研究3组血清代谢物组的差异.利用偏最小二乘法-判别式分析(partial least square-discriminant analysis, PLS-DA)对NMR谱数据进行模式识别分析,探讨利用基于1H NMR代谢组学技术诊断肝癌的可行性.结果表明,与健康人相比,肝硬化、肝癌患者血清中脂质(低密度脂蛋白和极低密度脂蛋白)、胆碱、乙酰乙酸等含量减少,谷氨酰胺、丙酮酸、苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸等含量增加.PLS-DA分析结果显示肝癌患者可与健康人、肝硬化患者鉴别开来,肝癌诊断灵敏度达921%,假阳性率为5.7%,优于血清甲胎蛋白(alpha-fetoprotein, AFP)检测.研究结果表明,基于1H NMR代谢组学技术结合PLS-DA的方法具有灵敏、准确、重复性好等优点,有助于肝癌早期诊断.     

基于1H NMR代谢组学方法分析马兜铃酸I诱导的雌雄小鼠急性肾毒性

基于¹H NMR的代谢组学方法, 分析了C57BL/6J小鼠尿样的代谢特征, 揭示出马兜铃酸I(AAI)导致急性肾毒性的分子机理及其在雌性和雄性小鼠上差异的根源. 研究结果表明, AAI的急性肾毒性主要来自AAI给药后抑制了体内的三羧酸(TCA)循环和能量代谢, 破坏了体内肠道菌群的生态平衡, 改变了肾脏细胞内外的渗透压, 从而引起了肾小管的损伤. 代谢模式分析显示雄性小鼠对AAI的肾毒性比雌性小鼠更敏感, 可能源于雄性小鼠本身更低的能量代谢. 结果表明, 基于尿样¹H NMR代谢组学方法有可能为药物的毒性机制和毒性性别差异研究提供新思路.     

基于~1H NMR代谢组学方法的糖尿病溃疡组织代谢特征和病理机制分析

糖尿病溃疡是临床上导致患者截肢的最主要原因,应用基于1H NMR的代谢组学方法研究了链脲佐菌素（STZ）诱导的SD糖尿病大鼠溃疡组织的代谢轮廓,同时结合组织病理和生化分析,阐述了糖尿病溃疡组织的代谢特征和病理机制.结果表明,糖尿病大鼠在溃疡组织愈合过程中的成纤维细胞增殖和毛细血管增生都明显弱于对照组;代谢组学分析的散点...     

Serum metabonomics characterization of liver fibrosis induced by bile duct-ligated in rats and the intervention effects of herb compound 861

Liver fibrosis has been increasingly recognized as a cause for high morbidity and mortality of some diseases in humans. Herbal medicines have received great attention due to their low side effects and high safety. Herbal compound 861 (Cpd 861) has been effectively used for treating hepatic fibrosis for long time. Yet, its exact mechanism is still in fancy. Herein, we first established a liver fibrosis model by bile duct ligation (BDL), which led to the toxic accumulation of bile acids in animals, resulting in hepatic fibrosis. A serum metabonomics study on BDL-induced liver fibrosis rats after Cpd 861 treatment was performed using UHPLC-QTOF/MS. Multivariate analysis showed that Cpd 861 significantly reversed the metabolic perturbation induced by BDL to normal state, which is in agreement with the serum biochemical and histopathological findings. 15 metabolites were screened as potential biomarkers. Eight metabolic pathways were recognized as the most relevant pathways, involving dysfunction of amino acids metabolism and synthesis, fatty acid metabolism, phospholipids metabolism, and others. This is the first study to reveal the underlying mechanism of Cpd 861 based on metabonomics, which is complementary to biochemical analysis, and more importantly, a potentially powerful tool to interpret the mechanisms of extremely complex systems.     

Metabonomics study of the effects of traditional Chinese medicine formula Ermiaowan on hyperuricemic rats

To explore the global mechanism of Ermiaowan on hyperuricemia regulation, the holistic function of Ermiaowan for hyperuricemia in rats was firstly assessed by the urinary metabonomics method which was based on ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. The urinary targeted metabonomics approach combined with the serum biochemical analysis and histological assay was conducted to verify the research result. As a result, the significant differences in metabolic profiles were observed from Ermiaowan‐treated group, model group, and healthy control group by using multivariate statistical approaches. Twenty therapeutic related metabolites were identified in response to the therapeutic effects of Ermiaowan, which were mainly associated with purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and tyrosine metabolism. In addition, the urinary targeted metabonomics study showed that Ermiaowan can better restore the disturbed pathways than Phellodendri cortex and Atractylodis rhizome. The biochemical assay and histopathological assay confirmed that Ermiaowan could significantly reduce uric acid and fibrosis areas of kidney. These results provided new insights into the mechanism of Ermiaowan on hyperuricemia.