移动床除尘过程数学模型建立及机理讨论

在C.Tien固定床深层过滤数学模型基础上，通过引入移动床除尘比沉积率σ概念并考虑惯性碰撞、拦截、重力沉降、扩散机理的作用，建立了完整的颗粒移动床深层过滤过程数学模型，以此为基础结合工程应用中实测的粉尘数据范围计算了除尘效率，详细讨论了各种除尘机理及操作条件对除尘效率的影响。     

用直接数值模拟对移动颗粒层除尘的研究及实验对比

利用气固两相流数值模拟计算模型，分别采用不同粒径的移动颗粒层过滤除尘器，对不同粒径粉尘颗粒的碰撞次数进行统计，并对移动床除尘中过滤介质尺寸与粉尘粒径尺寸之间的相互选择性进行了初步研究。模拟计算了在同一风速下碰撞次数与粉尘粒径以及移动层颗粒径之间的关系。计算统计的结果与实验结果对比发现，二者存在定性上的一致。结果表明，在移动床过滤除尘器中不同粒径的过滤层对不同粒径尘粒具有明显的选择性。     

移动床热煤气脱硫气固反应过程模拟——Ⅱ-错流移动床非催化气固反应过程模拟

基于前文错流移动床反应器模型方程,模拟计算并分析了该类反应器中气、固相流动对热煤气脱硫等非催化气固反应过程的影响。研究表明,床层在床深方向按反应速率的快慢可分为粗脱区和精脱区,在颗粒流动方向上气相浓度差异较大,并主要体现在粗脱区内,床层出口处颗粒转化率呈现较大分布,反应器内气固交错流动、气相浓度和颗粒转化率共同作用（ 于气固反应速率） 等因素是造成过程特征的主要因素。因此反应器优化应满足对两相流动的优化,将粗脱区设置成错流移动床而精脱区设置成固定床,并使粗脱区内颗粒流速沿气流方向逐渐减小,以减小出口颗粒转化率的分布并提高颗粒利用率,同时沿颗粒流动方向应逐渐减小过床气流体积分率以利于床内气固反应速率的均一分布。由此指出对该类床型其底部渐缩下料段和过床气流对床内颗粒流动的影响以及床层结构及颗粒流动对过床气流分布的影响研究的必要性。     

国内简讯

叠式固定床离子交换废水净化器研制成功最近上海自动化仪表一厂和上海除尘设备厂联合开发研制成功一种新型“组合式叠床离子交换废水净化装置。”该装置己在上海自动化仪表一厂以及山东,河南等单位使用,效果良好,受到了欢迎。该装置是根据固定床和移动床离子交换装置的某些优点综合设计研制的。整套装置由水泵、流量计、过滤柱、上下两根交换     

炉前煤低温干馏的工艺研究

为了模拟真实的循环流化床燃烧/煤热解多联产工艺中的移动床热解系统,同时验证静态挡板混合以及颗粒床除尘在该系统中应用的可行性,建立了处理煤量为10 kg/h的移动床固体热载体煤热解连续实验装置.结果表明,在混合段内没置挡板足一种有效的灰/煤混合方式,可以获得与机械混合接近的气、液产率;滤料性质、床层高度、过滤气速等均会对颗粒床除尘器的除尘效果产生影响,颗粒床的使用可将焦油中的含尘率控制在一定范围内.该研究可为炉前低温干馏工艺开发提供可靠的基础数据.     

移动床热煤气脱硫气固反应过程模拟 Ⅰ错流移动床反应器模型建立

热煤气脱硫是ＩＧＣＣ等高效洁净煤联合循环发电过程的关键技术,本文采用具有净化（脱硫及除尘）一体化潜力并可实现过程连续操作的错流移动床为热煤气脱硫反应器,通过对其反应过程的分析作出合理假设,建立了描述单颗粒脱硫反应及反应器行为的模型方程,并进行了初步的数值模拟计算,结果表明本模型的计算结果可较好地解释前人的实验工作,可对错流移动床反应器的行为作出合理预测     

移动床热煤气脱硫气固反应过程模拟：Ⅰ.错流移动床反应器模型建立

热煤气脱硫是ＩＧＣＣ等高效洁净煤联合循环发电过程的关键技术,本文采用具有净化（脱硫及除尘）一体化潜力并可实现过程连续操作的错流移动床为热煤气脱硫反应器,通过对其反应过程的分析作出合理假设,建立了描述单颗粒脱硫反应器行为的模型方程,并进行了初步的数值模拟计算,结果表明本模型的计算结果可较好地解释前人的实验工作,可对错流移动床反应器的行为作出合理预测。     

模拟移动床色谱分离技术综述

本文对模拟移动床的建模、模型求解和优化进行了综述,介绍了几种常用的色谱模型以及模型的求解方法和优化策略。在结构优化方面,本文重点介绍了在模拟移动床基础上改进的间歇模拟移动床色谱分离技术。间歇模拟移动床技术通过改变色谱柱的数量来实现分离过程,和常规的模拟移动床技术相比较,它的设计结构简单、成本低,并且比常规的模拟移动床具有更高的分离性能。     

炉前煤低温干馏工艺中的挥发分除尘

为了寻求优化的炉前煤低温干馏工艺中的挥发分除尘方案，在使用400目金属滤网对间歇式粉煤固体热载体热解装置挥发分除尘研究的基础上，将颗粒床过滤器用于该过程的除尘研究。热态除尘实验表明，颗粒床的使用有效地降低了滤网的过滤负荷。选用2mm石英砂和φ5mm×2mm瓷环作为滤料，通过对比实验发现，两种滤料除尘效率均在90％以上；随着过滤操作的进行，由于颗粒床内粉尘的沉积使其过滤效率有所提高，而对气、液收率的影响很小。结果表明，颗粒床与滤网结合可作为粉煤炉前低温干馏工艺中可供选择的挥发分除尘方案。     

磁稳定床反应器(英文)

介绍了磁稳定床反应器在国际上的首次工业应用,它集成了浆态床、固定床、移动床和流化床等反应器的优点. 通过调整线圈间距、在反应器内设置磁隔栅构件,实现了均匀磁场的放大; 绘制出磁稳定床反应器链式操作相图. 将非晶态Ni优异的加氢性能和磁性与磁稳定床反应器反应过程强化性能相结合,实现了在己内酰胺加氢精制过程的工业应用,并建成5套20～40万吨/年工业装置. 磁性催化剂与磁稳定床反应器相结合,强化了甲烷化、乙炔选择性加氢和烯烃叠合等反应过程,形成了新技术生长点.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.