TiO2/H2O2/超声波协同降解壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚溶液

采用经过处理的锐钛矿型TiO2作为催化剂,在H2O2存在下,以TiO2/H2O2/超声波协同降解壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚反应为模型,探讨了TiO2催化剂用量、H2O2用量、超声波功率、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚溶液初始浓度、初始pH值对壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚降解率的影响。结果表明,在一定的超声波功率和一定的TiO2用量范围内,壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚降解率随超声波功率和TiO2用量的增大而增大,达到一定值后保持平稳;当H2O2浓度介于一定范围内,增大H2O2用量可提高壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚的降解率,但H2O2用量过多时,反而会使壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚的降解率下降;pH<5时,壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚降解效果较好,且pH值越小,降解率越高;pH>5时,降解率越来越低。TiO2/H2O2/超声波体系降解壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚产生了较强烈的协同效应,在同一时刻三者协同体系的降解率比其3种单独体系的降解率之和高出约60%;在TiO2催化剂用量0.4g/L、H2O2用量0.2g/L、超声波功率600W、降解时间120min的条件下,对初始质量浓度为80mg/L,pH=1的壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚溶液进行降解,其降解率达98%以上。     

聚3-甲基噻吩修饰硫化物量子点连接纳米结构TiO2膜的光电化学研究

采用原位化学法在纳米结构TiO₂膜上制备了量子点CdS, PbS (Q-CdS, Q-PbS), 并用电化学方法在TiO₂/Q-CdS, TiO₂/Q-PbS表面聚合3-甲基噻吩[poly(3-Methylthiophene, PMeT)]. 用光电化学方法研究了PMeT修饰Q-CdS, Q-PbS连接TiO₂纳米结构膜, 实验结果表明, PMeT和Q-CdS, Q-PbS单独修饰纳米结构TiO₂电极和PMeT修饰Q-CdS, Q-PbS连接纳米结构TiO₂电极的光电流产生的起始波长都向长波方向移动; 一定条件下在可见光区光电转换效率均较纳米结构TiO₂的光电转换效率有明显的提高; 聚3-甲基噻吩(PMeT)与Q-CdS, Q-PbS连接的纳米结构TiO₂之间存在p-n异质结. 在一定条件下p-n异质结的存在有利于光生电子/空穴的分离, 在本文实验条件下PMeT修饰Q-CdS, Q-PbS连接纳米结构TiO₂电极最高的单色光的光电转换效率分别为11%和7%.     

Investigation on the dynamics of electron transport and recombination in TiO2 nanotube/nanoparticle composite electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells

In this work, we report on fabrication and characterization of dye-sensitized solar cells based on TiO(2) nanotube/nanoparticle (NT/NP) composite electrodes. TiO(2) nanotubes were prepared by anodization of Ti foil in an organic electrolyte. The nanotubes were chemically separated from the foil, ground and added to a TiO(2) nanoparticle paste, from which composite NT/NP electrodes were fabricated. In the composite TiO(2) films the nanotubes existed in bundles with a length of a few micrometres. By optimizing the amount of NT in the paste, dye-sensitized solar cells with an efficiency of 5.6% were obtained, a 10% improvement in comparison to solar cells with pure NP electrodes. By increasing the fraction of NT in the electrode the current density increased by 20% (from 11.1 to 13.3 mA cm(-2)), but the open circuit voltage decreased from 0.78 to 0.73 V. Electron transport, lifetime and extraction studies were performed to investigate this behavior. A higher fraction of NT in the paste led to more and deeper traps in the resulting composite electrodes. Nevertheless, faster electron transport under short-circuit conditions was found with increased NT content, but the electron lifetime was not improved. The electron diffusion length calculated for short-circuit conditions was increased 3-fold in composite electrodes with an optimized NT fraction. The charge collection efficiency was more than 90% over a wide range of light intensities, leading to improved solar cell performance.     

A novel photoanode architecture of dye-sensitized solar cells based on TiO2 hollow sphere/nanorod array double-layer film

A novel TiO(2) double-layer (DL) film consisting of TiO(2) hollow spheres (HSs) as overlayer and single-crystalline TiO(2) nanorod arrays (RAs) as underlayer was designed as the photoanode of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). This new-typed TiO(2) HS/RA DL film could significantly improve the efficiency of DSSCs owing to its synergic effects, i.e. the relatively large specific surface area of TiO(2) HSs for effective dye adsorption, enhanced light harvesting capability originated from TiO(2) RA film, and rapid interfacial electron transport in one-dimensional TiO(2) nanorod arrays. The overall energy-conversion efficiency of 4.57% was achieved by the formation of TiO(2) DL film, which is 16% higher than that formed by TiO(2) HS film and far larger than that formed by TiO(2) RA film (η=0.99%). The light absorption and interfacial electron transport, which play important roles in the efficiency of DSSCs, were investigated by UV-vis absorption spectra and electrochemical impedance spectra.     

TiO_2/CdS/Ru(bpy)_2(NCS)_2作为太阳电池光阳极的探讨

将 Cd S纳米粒子复合在 Ti O2 纳米多孔膜上 ,用染料 Ru( bpy) 2 ( NCS) 2 对此复合半导体纳米膜电极进行敏化 ,测量了不同 Cd S复合量的 ITO/Ti O2 /Cd S/Ru( bpy) 2 ( NCS) 2 光阳极组成光电池的能量转换效率 .实验证明 ,ITO/Ti O2 /Cd S/Ru( bpy) 2 ( NCS) 2 作为太阳电池光阳极的能量转换效率与 Ti O2 /Cd S复合半导体中 Cd S的含量有关 .当 Cd S复合时间为 5 min的电池的短路电流为 5 .2 3A/m2 ,开路电压为 0 .71 6 V,能量转换效率为 0 .77% .     

CNTs/TiO2多孔复合膜的组装及光催化性能

提出了一种在掺氟的SnO2(FTO)导电玻璃上组装碳纳米管(CNTs)/Fe-Ni/TiO2多孔复合膜光催化剂的新方法.采用喷涂热解法(SPD)将掺杂镍和铁的含有嵌段聚合物P123的二氧化钛前驱体溶胶涂覆在FTO导电玻璃上,制备Fe-Ni/TiO2多孔膜,再采用化学气相沉积法(CVD)在Fe-Ni/TiO2膜上原位生长CNTs,得到CNTs/Fe-Ni/TiO2多孔复合膜光催化剂.CNTs/Fe-Ni/TiO2复合膜具有多级孔结构特征,在TiO2表面原位生长的CNTs不但具有较好的石墨化结构,且CNTs较均匀地分布在整个膜层的孔中.考察了CNTs/Fe-Ni/TiO2复合膜光催化剂的结构和性能,并通过降解甲基橙溶液评价了复合膜的光催化活性.结果表明,CNTs的复合及铁和镍的掺杂等改性显著提高了TiO2膜材料的光催化活性.     

TiO2纳米片/巢状分级结构纳米阵列薄膜的制备及其在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用

采用水热合成法在氟掺杂二氧化锡(FTO)导电玻璃基底上得到TiO2纳米阵列薄膜,并进一步通过NaOH溶液水热处理制备了由巢状纳米阵列及纳米片覆盖层构成的TiO2纳米阵列分级结构一体化薄膜.采用场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM),X射线衍射(XRD),紫外-可见(UV-Vis)漫反射光谱和吸收光谱技术对TiO2薄膜的结构和性质进行表征.FE-SEM结果表明:分级结构TiO2薄膜膜厚为1.5μm,薄膜由一层纳米片覆盖层(约0.2μm高)和一层巢状纳米阵列层(约1.3μm高)组成.XRD谱图表明TiO2薄膜为锐钛矿相.UV-Vis光谱显示分级结构TiO2薄膜具有较强的光捕获能力和染料吸附能力.TiO2纳米片/巢状分级结构纳米阵列薄膜作为光阳极,可有效地提高染料敏化太阳能电池的光电转换效率,其短路电流(Jsc)为7.79mA·cm-2,开路电压(Voc)为0.80V,填充因子(FF)为0.40,光电转换效率(η)为2.48%,其光电转换效率较TiO2纳米阵列薄膜提高了近10倍.     

Exciton-coupled charge-transfer dynamics in a porphyrin J-aggregate/TiO(2) complex

Exciton-coupled charge-transfer (CT) dynamics in TiO(2) nanoparticles (NP) sensitized with porphyrin J-aggregates has been studied by femtosecond time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy. J-aggregates of 5,10,15-triphenyl-20-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) porphyrin (TPPcat) form CT complexes on TiO(2) NP surfaces. Catechol-mediated strong CT coupling between J-aggregate and TiO(2) NP facilitates interfacial exciton dissociation for electron injection into the conduction band of the TiO(2) nanoparticle in pulse width limited time (<80 fs). Here, the electron-transfer (<80 fs) process dominates over the intrinsic exciton-relaxation process (J-aggregates: ca. 200 fs) on account of exciton-coupled CT interaction. The parent hole on J-aggregates is delocalized through J-aggregate excitonic coherence. As a result, holes immobilized on J-aggregates are spatially less accessible to electrons injected into TiO(2) , and thus the back electron transfer (BET) process is slower than that of the monomer/TiO(2) system. The J-aggregate/porphyrin system shows exciton spectral and temporal properties for better charge separation in strongly coupled composite systems.     

Liquid phase deposition of hemoglobin/SDS/TiO2 hybrid film preserving photoelectrochemical activity

This work demonstrates that liquid phase deposition (LPD) technique provides a novel approach to the immobilization of hemoglobin (Hb) in TiO(2) film for studying the direct electron transfer of Hb. Using the LPD process, a hybrid film composed of Hb, TiO(2) and sodium dodecylsulfonate (SDS) is successfully prepared on the electrode surface. The surface morphology of as-deposited Hb/SDS/TiO(2) film shows a flower-like structure. The cyclic voltammetric measurement indicates that the LPD hybrid film facilitates the electron transfer of Hb, which yields a pair of redox peaks prior to the characteristic voltammetric peaks of TiO(2). Due to the electrocatalytic activity of Hb towards H(2)O(2), the Hb/SDS/TiO(2) hybrid LPD film can be utilized as an H(2)O(2) sensor, showing a sensitive response linearly proportional to the concentration of H(2)O(2) in the range of 5.0×10(-7)-4.0×10(-5) mol/L. At the same time, the Hb/SDS/TiO(2) hybrid film preserves the photoelectrochemical activity of TiO(2). The photovoltaic effect on the electrochemical behavior of Hb/SDS/TiO(2) film is observed after long-time UV irradiation on the film, which could improve the calibration sensitivity for H(2)O(2).     

Electrical conductivity in patterned silver-mesoporous titania nanocomposite thin films: towards robust 3D nano-electrodes

The space-resolved electrical conductivity of patterned silver nanoparticle (NP) arrays embedded in mesoporous TiO(2) thin films was locally evaluated using a conductive-tip AFM. A remarkable conductivity dependence on the film mesostructure and metal NP loading was observed, confirming a three-dimensional current flow throughout the nanocomposite.     

Fe3+掺杂TiO2光催化降解聚乙烯薄膜的研究

以快速溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米TiO2光催化剂,并用Fe3 对其掺杂改性,在室温条件下,用于固相光催化降解聚乙烯(PE)包装薄膜的研究.对催化剂和薄膜进行了X衍射分析(XRD)、傅立叶红外光谱分析(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)形貌观察.结果表明,60W紫外光辐射240h后,PE失重为8.43%,锐钛矿型纳米TiO2光催化剂使PE失重30.66%;用Fe3 掺杂后,0.5?2O3/TiO2、1.0?2O3/TiO2和2.0?2O3/TiO2分别使PE失重35.91%、20.72%和13.30%.光催化剂加速了PE的失重,碳链的断裂和光氧化腐蚀,在薄膜表面形成大量的坑洞,降解产物中的小分子量的石蜡含量明显增高.Fe3 掺杂有一个最佳量,0.5?2O3/TiO2光催化降解PE的活性最高.     

贵金属掺杂Ti/TiO2电极的制备及其电催化性能研究

采用阳极氧化-阴极电沉积两步法: 先在钛基体上用阳极氧化法制备多孔TiO₂薄膜, 接着在这层多孔状薄膜上采用阴极电沉积方法掺杂Pt, Ir来制备Ti/TiO₂-Pt修饰电极和Ti/TiO₂-Ir修饰电极. 用XRD, SEM分析了掺杂前后的成分、相结构及表面形貌的变化, 结果表明: Pt优先沉积在TiO₂多孔中; 与Pt不同, Ir没有表现出在TiO₂孔中优先沉积的现象, 出现这种现象的原因是这两种贵金属的电沉积电位相对于n-TiO₂的平带电位不同. 使用SIMS分析了在Ti/TiO₂-(Pt/Ir)修饰电极中Ti, Pt, Ir的浓度分布, 大致算出TiO₂薄膜厚度为750 nm左右. 由极化曲线和阻抗谱结果得出: 掺杂Pt, Ir明显改善了Ti/TiO₂ 电极的电催化性能, 且随着Pt沉积时间的增长, 修饰电极在硫酸析氧反应中的电催化活性提高.     

Determining enediol compounds in tea using surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry with titanium dioxide nanoparticle matrices

We describe the use of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) as selective probes and matrices for the determination of catechins using surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (SALDI-MS). The interactions between the enediol compounds and TiO2 NPs were evident by the change in color of the TiO2 NP solution from milky white to orange. Through these interactions, the TiO2 NPs could be used to concentrate enediol compounds, including catechins and ascorbic acid. The limits of detection (LODs) for three catechins--catechin, (-)-epigallocatechin, and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate--at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 were 0.45, 1.85 and 0.65 microM, respectively. The TiO2 NP matrices provide a number of advantages over conventional organic matrices (e.g. 2',4',6'-trihydroxyacetophenone), including ease of sample preparation, less background noise in the low-mass region, and high repeatability. The applicability of this method was confirmed through the high reproducibility of the determination of the two catechins in tea samples that had not been subjected to any sample preparation procedures (shot-to-shot variation: <10%).     

硒/氧化石墨烯/二氧化钛复合薄膜的制备及光电转换性质

将氧化石墨烯(GO)掺入钛酸溶胶中,以导电玻璃(ITO)为基底,经浸渍-涂覆-煅烧得到GO/TiO2复合薄膜;采用电沉积技术在GO/TiO2薄膜表面沉积Se纳米微粒,得到Se/GO/TiO2复合薄膜;利用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪分析了复合薄膜的形貌和晶体结构,采用紫外可见光谱仪测定了其光谱学性质,利用光电转换实验测定了其光电转换性质.结果表明,所制备的Se/GO/TiO2复合薄膜各组分分布均匀,具有锐钛矿相结构的TiO2颗粒粒径为20nm,与TiO2结合的GO具有分散片层结构,薄膜中的Se颗粒粒径为60～80nm.与此同时,在Se和GO的共同作用下,Se/GO/TiO2复合薄膜对可见光有很好的光电转换效应.     

3-己基噻吩和2-噻吩甲酸共聚物修饰纳米结构TiO2薄膜电极的光电性能研究

用光电流作用谱、光电流-电势图等光电化学方法研究了铟锡导电玻璃(ITO)/3-己基噻吩和2-噻吩甲酸共聚物(CTCHT)膜电极以及ITO/TiO₂/3-己基噻吩和2-噻吩甲酸共聚物(CTCHT)复合膜电极的光电转换性质. 结果表明, CTCHT膜为p-型半导体, 禁带宽度为2.44 eV, 价带位置为－5.73 eV. 研究表明在ITO/TiO₂/CTCHT复合膜电极中存在p-n异质结, p-n异质结的存在能够使光生电子和空穴有效的分离, 有效地降低了电荷的反向复合几率, 提高了光电转换效率, CTCHT膜修饰ITO/TiO₂电极可使光电流增强, 使宽禁带半导体电极的光电转换效率得到改善.     

TiO2/ZnO薄膜电极中光生电子的传输及其在太阳电池中的应用

制备了TiO2纳米颗粒和ZnO纳米棒混合的多孔薄膜电极, 利用瞬态光电压技术研究了染料敏化TiO2/ZnO薄膜中光生载流子的传输特性. 实验结果表明, ZnO纳米棒增加了薄膜中自由电子扩散速率, 减小了复合几率, 改善了能量转换效率.     

一种新型的铕络合物/TiO2发光薄膜

研究了Eu(DBM)3(DiBut-bpy)/TiO2/AA 单分子膜的表面压－分子面积(π－A)曲线和稳定性,单层膜中的TiO2纳米粒子是经TBT（tetrabutyloxyltitanium ,钛酸四丁酯）二维溶胶-凝胶法得到的.TiO2纳米粒子和铕络合物都被成功地转移到固体基片上，得到了具有良好的机械和热稳定性的新型发光薄膜.小角度X射线衍射结果证明这种复合膜具有层状有序的周期性结构.讨论了TiO2基质对复合膜发光机理的影响.     

TiO2/SiO2的制备及其对染料X-3B溶液降解的光催化活性

 以粗孔球形硅胶为载体,以聚乙二醇和二乙醇单乙醚的钛酸四丁酯无水乙醇溶液为浸涂液,用涂覆法制备了TiO2／SiO2光催化剂．用XRD,SEM和UV－Vis等对催化剂的物相、形貌及TiO2负载量进行了表征,并通过可溶性染料活性艳红X－3B的降解反应,考察了其光催化活性．实验结果表明,当选用16．79％TiO2／SiO2光催化剂时,活性艳红X－3B溶液的脱色率可达93％以上．     

TiO2/Au纳米棒阵列的制备及其光催化性能

采用电沉积和旋转涂膜相结合的方法成功制备了高度有序的TiO2/Au纳米棒阵列催化剂.扫描电镜和透射电镜结果表明,TiO2薄膜均匀地包覆在Au纳米棒的表面,形成核壳型的一维阵列结构.X射线衍射分析表明所获得TiO2为(101)晶面优先生长的锐钛矿晶相.紫外-可见漫反射光谱显示,由于Au和TiO2间肖特基结的存在造成吸收红...     

Near-IR light-sensitized voltaic conversion system using nanocrystalline TiO2 film by Zn chlorophyll derivative aggregate

A Zn chlorophyll-a derivative, Zn chlorin-e6 (ZnChl-e6), adsorbed onto a nanocrystalline TiO2 film (ZnChl-e6/TiO2) electrode was prepared, and the photovoltaic properties of the ZnChl-e6/TiO2 electrode were studied. The absorption peaks of ZnChl-e6/TiO2 observed at 420, 654, and 795 nm were attributed to the ZnChl-e6 molecules aggregating onto TiO2 film. The fluorescence attributed to the ZnChl-e6 monomer and aggregate was observed at 710 and 820 nm, respectively, and the fluorescence in both cases was quenched by TiO2 particles. The maximum of the incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) value in the photocurrent action spectrum was 800 nm, and the IPCE value was 7.0%. ZnChl-e6 molecules formed aggregates on a nanocrystalline TiO2 film electrode. From the photocurrent-photovoltage characteristics of the ZnChl-e6/TiO2 electrode irradiated with 100 mW cm(-2), the short-circuit photocurrent (I(SC)) was found to be 0.19 mA cm(-2) and the open-circuit photovoltage (V(OC)) was found to be 375 mV. The maximum power was estimated to be 28.7 microW cm(-2), and the fill factor (FF) was estimated to be 40.1%. A near-IR light induced photovoltaic conversion system using a ZnChl-e6 aggregate formed onto a nanocrystalline TiO2 film electrode was achieved.