以锑电极作参比电极测定废水中硫化物

提出了以锑电极作为参比电极与Ag2 S电极组成无液接测量电池测定废水中硫化物的新方法。并研究了电极的性能 ,测定条件及干扰物质的影响。方法的线性范围 1 .0× 1 0 - 2 mol/L～ 5 .0× 1 0 - 7mol/L[S2 - ],回收率为 99%～1 0 3%     

涂丝型盐酸地尔硫卓选择电极的研制与应用

研制了一种以盐酸地尔硫卓与碘汞酸盐缔合物为电活性物的涂丝型盐酸地尔硫卓选择电极,电极的线性响应范围1.0×10-3~1.0×10-5mol.L-1,级差电位为28 mV/pc,检测限为4.5×10-5mo.lL-1.该电极响应迅速,重现性好,用此电极以标准曲线法测定了盐酸地尔硫卓片剂的含量,结果与药典法相符.     

聚5-磺基水杨酸修饰电极上对苯二酚的电化学行为

用循环伏安法将 5 磺基水杨酸修饰于玻碳电极表面 ,制备出对对苯二酚具有电催化作用的聚合物膜修饰电极。研究了对苯二酚 (HQ)在该聚合物薄膜修饰电极上的电化学行为。在 0 5mmol/LH2 SO4底液中 ,HQ在该电极上的线性范围为 2 0× 1 0 - 6～ 1 0× 1 0 - 4 mol/L。该修饰电极可将对苯二酚和邻苯二酚(CC)的氧化峰分开约 1 0 5mV     

聚苯胺/钴-氧化钴膜作传感元件的pH传感器的性能

研究了在玻碳电极上修饰不同物质所制得的pH传感器,通过电位滴定的方法比较得出先修饰聚苯胺,再修饰钴-氧化钴膜的电极对pH有较好的响应,能代替玻璃电极应用在实际样品测定中. 探究了最佳修饰条件为:先在0.1 mol/L苯胺的盐酸(1 mol/L)溶液中, 电位范围为-0.2～1.0 V,以100 mV/s 的扫描速率循环伏安扫描10圈修饰聚苯胺膜;接着在含2.0×10-4 mol/L Co2+的磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS)(pH=7.5)中,电位范围为-1.2～1.2 V,以100 mV/s的扫描速率循环伏安扫描 5圈修饰钴-氧化钴膜. 得到的修饰电极响应斜率为-61.60 mV/pH,响应范围pH值为0.5～13.     

硝基纤维素膜离子选择性电极的制备及高氯酸根的测定

本文以一种季胺盐为活性物质,硝基纤维素为支持材料制作高氯酸根离子选择性电极.在1.0×10-6～1.0×10-1 mol·L-1 NaClO4/1.0×l0-2 mol·L-1 Na2SO4溶液中,电极具有良好的线性范围,斜率为56.6 mV,线性相关系数为0.9985,检测限可达3.8×l0-7 mol·L-1.在检测范围内,电极表现出良好的稳定性和重现性,对相关阴离子的干扰具有很好的选择性,且制备方法简单、成本低廉.     

基于明胶-碳纳米管的辣根过氧化物酶修饰电极在离子液体中的直接电化学

制备了明胶(Gel)-多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)纳米复合物,将其修饰在玻碳电极表面,再吸附辣根过氧化物酶(HRP),制得明胶-多壁碳纳米管-辣根过氧化物酶修饰电极(Gel-MWCNTs-HRP/GCE).该修饰电极在PBS中的循环伏安图上出现了一对峰形良好、几乎对称的氧化还原峰,式量电位为-0.356 V(vs.SCE),表明包埋在Gel-MWCNTs中的HRP与电极之间发生了直接电子传递.当扫速在20 ～ 180 mV/s时,氧化峰电流(Ipa)与还原峰电流(Ipc)均与扫速成正比,表明电极过程是受电子传递速率控制的表面传质过程.运用循环伏安法研究了修饰电极的电化学特性,探讨了工作电位、pH值、干扰物质等对修饰电极的影响.实验结果表明,HRP在修饰电极表面能有效和稳定地进行直接电子转移,并保持了其对过氧化氢(H2O2)的生物催化活性.进一步研究发现,在含有亲水性离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸([BMIM]BF4)的溶液中,修饰电极对H2O2显示出更灵敏的催化活性,其线性范围为2.0×10-7～0.13 mol/L,检出限(S/N =3)为2.3×10-8 mol/L.该电极具有灵敏度高、重现性及稳定性好、使用寿命较长等优点,同时还显示了较好的抗干扰能力.     

长链S-烷基双硫腙为载体的碳酸氢根离子电极

以溴化S 十六烷基双硫腙载体制备了碳酸氢根离子选择性电极 ,选择性次序为 :ClO-4 >SCN->I-～HCO-3 >ClO-3 ～NO-3 >Ac->NO-2 >Cl->H2 PO-4 >SO2 -4 。膜配比 (质量百分比 )为溴化S 十六烷基双硫腙 (SHDTZ)·HCO-3 ∶邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯∶PVC =2 .5∶65.0∶32 .5电极性能最佳。 32℃时 ,在pH 8 30 .1mol/L三乙醇胺 硫酸缓冲溶液中 ,HCO-3 离子浓度在 1 .0× 1 0 -2 ～ 1× 1 0 -5mol/L范围与电极电位呈线性响应 ,检测限为 5.0× 1 0 -6mol/L;斜率为 54± 2mV/decade。研究了HCO-3 离子与载体的作用机理。用该法测定了人体血清中HCO-3 ,结果与滴定法一致。     

阴极溶出伏安法测定硒酵母中微量硒

建立了用阴极溶出法测定硒酵母中硒含量的分析方法。硒酵母样品用H2 SO4 -HClO4 -Na2 Mo4 消解液消解 ,用浓HCl加热还原Se (Ⅵ )为Se (Ⅳ ) ;三电极包括汞膜电极 (工作电极 ) ,Ag -AgCl (参比电极 ) ,Pt电极 (辅助电极 ) ,优化条件为 :支持电解质为 3mol LHCl,预电解电位为 -2 0 0mV ,富集时间为 1 5 0s ,峰电位在 -0 4 4V。测定Se (Ⅳ )的标准曲线线性范围为 1 0～ 80 μg/L。测定硒酵母中的硒的结果为 8 1 0× 1 0 -3 ,与分光光度法测定结果相比 ,相对误差为7 2 %。     

硫在疏质子介质中电化学还原机理的研究 II: 第二步氧化还原过程的研究

用电化学方法研究了硫在DMSO溶剂中的第二步氧化还原过程. 该过程在扫速大于200mV/s时表现为简单的电子转移过程; 扫速小于200mV/s时转化为ECE机理. 发现了S8^4^-, S3^2^-, S4^2^-的氧化峰, 峰电位分别为 -1.50, -0.96, -0.60(相对于银参比电极), 对S8^2^-/S8^4^-电对测定了标准电极电位和标准速率常数, 分别是-1.547±0.002V(相对于银参比电极)和3.3×10^-^3cm/s.     

一氧化碳在硫修饰铂电极上的吸附与电氧化研究(英文)

吸附硫通常被认为是表面化学反应毒物,然而少量的硫能够增强铂的一氧化碳(CO)电氧化活性.本文利用常规电化学手段及表面增强拉曼光谱研究了CO在硫修饰的铂表面的电氧化.对于溶液中的CO,其在硫修饰铂电极上的起始氧化电位最多可以比非修饰电极负移超过300 mV,而且在硫覆盖度低于0.6的条件下电位负移量随覆盖度增加而增大.这一电催化活性的增强也受溶液pH值的影响.在低硫覆盖度(小于0.3)下,吸附态的CO电氧化峰值电位比非修饰铂电极负移约40 mV.然而,在高硫覆盖度下,其峰值电位比非修饰铂电极正移近30 mV.表面增强拉曼光谱显示共吸附硫使Pt—CO振动频率显著红移.作者认为这些结果是由于吸附硫弱化Pt—CO键及阻化CO在铂表面的移动引起的.     

A new selenite selective membrane electrode and its application

A new membrane ion selective electrode sensitive to selenite ion has been developed. The electrode consisted of 1,2-phenylenediamine selen complex PIS (piaselenol) as the active material, PVC or SR (silicon rubber) as membrane matrix and DBF (dibutylphtalate) as plasticizer. This electrode showed linear response for selenite ion in the 10(-5)-10(-1)M concentration range. The slope of the linear portion was 21 mV/10-fold change in selenite concentration. The effect of membrane composition and membrane thickness on electrode response was studied and the electrode which contains 2% PIS, 49% PVC and 49% DBF was found to be the most sensitive one to selenite. The slope of the electrode did not change for 2 months and the pH change did not affect the response of the electrode in pH range of 3-9. The interferences of SO(4)(2-), SO(3)(2-), S(2-), HPO4(2-), CI(-), Br(-), and I(-) are investigated and while no interference was observed for SO(4)(2-), SO(3)(2-), S(2-) and I(-), a very small interference was observed for CI(-) and Br(-). The selenium present in anodic slime is determined using this electrode.     

Recognition of bile acids at cyclodextrin-modified gold electrodes.

Lipoylamino-beta- and gamma-cyclodextrin (LP-beta-CD and LP-gamma-CD, respectively) were adsorbed at the surface of gold electrodes by sulfur-gold bonding. The resultant electrodes exhibited quasi-reversible voltammograms for the redox reaction of Fe(CN)6(3-/4-) in aqueous solutions, with peak-to-peak separation (deltaEp) being 85 mV at 20 mV s(-1) as a potential sweep rate. When bile acids are added to the solution, deltaEp values increased to 200-300 mV with increasing the concentration of bile acids. A Langmuir-type adsorption analyses satisfactorily afforded the binding constants (Ksurf) of the surface-confined LP-beta-CD and LP-gamma-CD with the bile acids. The obtained Ksurf values of LP-gamma-CD are 5.0-50 times larger than the corresponding binding constants of gamma-CD in homogeneous aqueous solutions. Cyclic voltammetric experiments with positively, negatively, and non-charged adamantane derivatives as well as pH titration experiments revealed that the retardation of the electrode reaction of negatively charged Fe(CN)6(3-/4-) caused by bile acids was attributable (1) to electric potential changes due to the accumulation of the negative charges at the electrode surface, and (2) to an increase in the hydrophobicity of the electrode surface due to the binding of hydrophobic bile acids to the LP-beta-CD and LP-gamma-CD membranes.     

The effects of the specific adsorption of anion on the reactivity of the Ru(0001) surface towards CO adsorption and oxidation: in situ FTIRS studies

The dynamics of adsorption and oxidation of CO on Ru(0001) electrode in sulfuric acid solution have been studied using in situ FTIR spectroscopy under potential control and at open circuit, the latter at 20 and 55 degrees C. The in situ IR data show clearly that the bisulfate anion adsorbs on the Ru(0001) surface over the potential range from -200 mV to 350 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl) at 20 degrees C in the absence and presence of adsorbed CO; however, increasing the temperature to 55 degrees C and/or increasing the concentration of dissolved O(2) reduces the bisulfate adsorption. The formation of surface (hydro-) oxide at higher potentials replaces the bisulfate adsorbates. Both linear (CO(L)) and three-fold hollow bonded CO (CO(H)) adsorbates were produced following CO adsorption at Ru(0001) in H(2)SO(4), as was observed in our previous studies in HClO(4). However, the amount of adsorbed CO observed in H(2)SO(4) was ca. 10% less than that in HClO(4); in addition, the CO(L) and CO(H) frequencies were higher in H(2)SO(4), and the onset potential for CO(ads) oxidation 25 mV lower. These new results are interpreted in terms of a model in which the adsorbed bisulfate weakens the CO adlayer, allowing the active Ru oxide layer to form at lower potentials. Significantly different results were observed at open circuit in H(2)SO(4) compared both to the data under potential control and to our earlier data in HClO(4), and these observations were rationalized in terms of the adsorbed HSO(4)(-) anions (pre-adsorbed at -200 mV) inhibiting the oxidation of the surface at open circuit (after stepping from the initial potential of -200 mV), as the latter was no longer driven by the imposed electrochemical potential but via chemical oxidation by trace dissolved O(2). Results from experiments at open circuit at 55 degrees C and using oxygen-saturated H(2)SO(4) supported this model. The difference in Ru surface chemistry between imposed electrochemical control and chemical control has potential implications with respect to fuel cell electrocatalysis.     

舒乐安定吸附伏安法的研究

Jimenez曾研究了舒乐安定的性质,但灵敏度较低,本文提出了测定痕量舒乐安定的吸附伏安法,在0.1 mol/L NH_3-NH_4Cl溶液(pH 9.3)中,富集电位—0.80 V(us. Ag/AgCl)得一灵敏的舒乐安定还原峰,Ep=—1.05 V,i_p与舒乐安定浓度在3.0×10~(-9)～5.0×10~(-6) mol/L范围内呈线性关系,检测限达1.0×10~(-9)mol/L,并用于试样的测定,用循环伏安法和恒电     

铂电极上苯和苯磺酸吸附定向的现场红外反射吸收光谱电化学方法研究

本文用现场红外反射吸收光谱电化学方法和循环伏安法研究铂电析上苯和苯磺酸的吸附定向。对于苯/铂势系, 电势在-0.6至0.0V(相对饱和甘汞电极)内, 苯主要以垂直方式吸附; 在0.0至0.8V内则主要以平躺方式吸附。对于苯磺酸/铂体系,电势在-0.4V至0.0V内, 苯磺酸分子中的苯环主要呈垂直吸附且SO~3H基团远离电极表面; 在0.0至1.0V内则主要以倾斜平躺方式吸附, SO~3H基团通过其中的两个氧原子吸附于电极表面上。     

Electrochemical Behavior from Pig Spleen Ferritin and Bacterial Ferritin of Azotobacter vinelandii

Being electrochemical studies, a rate of the core potential shifting to negative as a form of -205mV+(-115mV/pH) from horse spleen ferritin (HSF) has been measured by microcoulometry in the presence of mediator such as methyl viologen^[1]. It was well indicated that the mediator played an important role in transferring the electrons between the ferritin and the electrode. However, using cyclic voltammetry of pulse polarography, HSF appeared appreciable currentless at the mercury electrode at scan rate 5 mV.s^-1, moreover, and its mineral core isolated from protein shell showed the reductive current^[2]. Evidently, these results was known that the ferritin shell be no a redox protein due to it no exhibited the current at the electrode at low potential.     

Bis-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde Schiff-base cobalt(II) complex as a neutral carrier for a highly selective iodide electrode.

A new solvent polymeric membrane electrode based on N,N'-bis-(dimethylaminobenzaldehyde)-glycine cobalt(II) [Co(II)-BDMABG] as a neutral carrier is described, which displays a preferential potentiometric response to iodide ion and an anti-Hofmeister selectivity sequence in the following order: I- > ClO4- > Sal- > SCN- > NO2- > Br- > NO3- > Cl- > SO3(2-) > SO4(2-). The electrode exhibits a near-Nernstian potential linear range of 9.0 x 10(-7)-1.0 x 10(-1) M with a detection limit of 6.8 x 10(-7) M and a slope of -53.0 mV/decade in pH 2.0 of a phosphate buffer solution at 20 degrees C. The response mechanism is discussed in view of the A.C. impedance technique and the UV spectroscopy technique. The electrode was successfully applied to the determination of iodide in Jialing River and Spring in Jinyun Mountains with satisfactory results.     

Pretreated bright palladium electrode in potentiometric redox titrations Titration of Cr(2)O(7)(2-) and Ce(4+) with Fe(2+)

The behaviour of the bright palladium electrode toward the redox systems Cr(2)O(7)(2-)/Fe(2+) and Ce(4+)/Fe(2+) (in potentiometric titration) has been investigated as a function of pretreatment of the electrode. Anodization of the electrode at potentials higher than 800 mV increases DeltaE at the equivalence point by 300-400 mV for the dichromate titration. The sharp change in potential is due to the reaction between PdO(2) and Fe(2+). The equivalence point corresponds to the beginning of the potential drop, rather than the inflexion point, especially for dilute solutions. If the electrode is ignited before use the surface oxide PdO is oxidized to PdO(2) by Cr(V), the potential increases during the titration and DeltaE is 200 mV bigger than when an untreated electrode is used. In the titration of Ce(4+) with Fe(2+) the DeltaE is largest with untreated electrodes, and if the anodized electrode is used, the titration curves clearly show the reaction between PdO(2) and Fe(2+).     

Spectroscopic and electrochemical studies of U(IV)-hexachloro complexes in hydrophobic room-temperature ionic liquids [BuMeIm][Tf2N] and [MeBu3N][Tf2N

The behavior of U(IV) octahedral complexes [cation]2[UCl6], where the [cation]+ is [BuMeIm]+ and [MeBu3N]+, is studied using UV/visible spectroscopy, cyclic staircase voltammetry, and rotating disk electrode voltammetry in hydrophobic room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) [BuMeIm][Tf2N] and [MeBu3N][Tf2N], where BuMeIm+ and MeBu3N+ are 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium and tri-n-butylmethylammonium cations, respectively, and Tf2N- is the bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anion. The absorption spectra of [cation]2[UCl6] complexes in the RTIL solutions are similar to the diffuse solid-state reflectance spectra of the corresponding solid species, indicating that the octahedral complex UCl6(2-) is the predominant chemical form of U(IV) in Tf2N--based hydrophobic ionic liquids. Hexachloro complexes of U(IV) are stable to hydrolysis in the studied RTILs. Voltammograms of UCl(6)2- at the glassy carbon electrode in both RTILs and at the potential range of -2.5 to +1.0 V versus Ag/Ag(I) reveal the following electrochemical couples: UCl6-/UCl6(2-) (quasi-reversible system), UCl(6)2-/UCl6(3-) (quasi-reversible system), and UCl(6)2-/UCl6(Tf2N)x-3+x (irreversible reduction). The voltammetric half-wave potential, Ep/2, of the U(V)/U(IV) couple in [BuMeIm][Tf2N] is positively shifted by 80 mV compared with that in [MeBu3N][Tf2N]. The positive shift in the Ep/2 value for the quasi-reversible U(IV)/U(III) couple is much greater (250 mV) in [BuMeIm][Tf2N]. Presumably, the potential shift is due to the specific interaction of BuMeIm+ with the uranium-hexachloro complex in ionic liquid. Scanning the negative potential to -3.5 V in [MeBu3N][Tf2N] solutions of UCl6(2-) reveals the presence of an irreversible cathodic process at the peak potential equal to -3.12 V (at 100 mV/s and 60 degrees C), which could be attributed to the reduction of U(III) to U(0).     

An amperometric biosensor for glucose based on electrodeposited redox polymer/glucose oxidase film on a gold electrode.

In this paper, we described a glucose biosensor based on the co-electrodeposition of a poly(vinylimidazole) complex of [Os(bpy)2Cl](+/2+) (PVI-Os) and glucose oxidase (GOX) on a gold electrode surface. The one-step co-electrodeposition method provided a better control on the sensor construction, especially when it was applied to microsensor construction. The modified electrode exhibited the classical features of a kinetically fast redox couple bound to an electrode surface and the redox potential of the redox polymer/enzyme film was 0.14 V (vs. SCE). For a scan rate of up to 200 mV s(-1), the peak-to-peak potential separation was less than 25 mV. In the presence of glucose, a typical catalytic oxidation current was observed, which reached a plateau at 0.25 V (vs. SCE). Under the optimal experimental conditions, the steady-state electrooxidation current measured at 0.30 V (vs. SCE) was linear to the glucose concentration in the range of 0-30 mM. Successful attempts were made in blood sample analysis.