ICP–AES法测定铬镍不锈钢中锰、铬、镍、硅、磷、铜、钼的含量

建立电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP–AES)法测定铬镍不锈钢中锰、铬、镍、硅、磷、铜、钼7种元素含量的方法。试样用盐酸与硝酸混合酸溶液溶解,采用溶解国家标准样品的方法制备校准曲线溶液,确定了元素最佳分析谱线。各元素的含量在其测试范围内与原子发射强度呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数不小于0.999,7种元素的检出限在0.000 3%~0.003 0%之间。该方法应用于铬镍不锈钢标准样品的测定,测定值与认定值相符,测定值的相对标准偏差在0.12%~1.15%之间(n=8)。应用于铬镍不锈钢样品测定时,加标回收率在90%~110%之间。该方法操作简便、迅速,可满足日常铬镍不锈钢中多元素含量的检测需要。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定不锈钢中8种合金元素

采用硝酸-盐酸-水(1+3+6)混合酸溶液溶解不锈钢样品,用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定试样溶液中铬、镍、铜、锰、磷、硅、钼和钛等8种合金元素。选择钇元素作为内标元素,选择波长为357.869,231.604,327.396,257.610,178.284,251.611,202.030,337.280 nm8条谱线依次作为铬、镍、铜、锰、磷、硅、钼和钛的分析线。方法用于分析了12种标准物质,测定值同证书值一致,各元素的相对标准偏差(n=7)均小于5.5%。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定钨钢中硅、锰、磷、铬、镍、铜、钼、钒和钨

采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定钨钢中硅、锰、磷、铬、镍、铜、钼、钒和钨的含量。试样用盐酸、柠檬酸铵、硝酸溶解。基体效应采用基体匹配法消除。硅、锰、磷、铬、镍、铜、钼、钒、钨的分析谱线依次为288.158,257.610,177.495,267.716,213.604,327.396,204.598,310.230,239.709nm。9种元素的质量分数在一定的范围内与其发射强度呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3s)在0.000 3%~0.004 8%之间。方法用于两种标准物质的测定,测定结果与认定值相符,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在0.74%~2.1%之间。方法的回收率在95.0%~107%之间。     

GBS-307C型硅、锰、磷、铬、镍、铜等多元素自动分析仪的研制

为解决黑色金属材料中硅、锰、磷、铬、镍、铜、钼、钛、稀土、镁等元素含量（质量分数）的自动分析,设计了GBS-307C型多元素自动分析仪。该仪器根据流体力学原理自动定量加入和分取试液,常温显色法进行被测元素的化学反应,计算机完成仪器程序控制及工作曲线建立和数据处理等。用研制的分析仪对标准样品进行测定,测定结果与标准值相符合。     

直读光谱法测定CD4MCu不锈钢中碳、镍、铬、铜、钼

应用光电直读光谱法测定了不锈钢(CD4MCu)中碳、镍、铬、铜及钼5种元素。通过下述三项措施提高了方法的准确度和精密度:共存元素的干扰校正;增加制作各元素的标准工作曲线时所用的标准样品数,用了两套标准共13块光谱分析用标准样品;选择样块上合适部位作为光谱激发点。上述5种元素的测量范围(质量分数)依次为0.02%～0.35%,3.50%～28.0%,6.50%～32.0%,0.05%～5.0%及0.05%～4.0%。对方法的精密度做了试验,测得相对标准偏差(n=11)为碳4.8%,镍、铬、钼0.4%,铜2.3%。应用此方法分析了5个不锈钢(CD4MCu)样品,所测得数据与用GB标准中化学法所测得的结果完全一致。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定不锈钢中的铬、镍、锰、铜、钛、铝

建立电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪同时测定不锈钢中铬、镍、锰、铜、钛、铝6种元素含量的方法。用20mL王水溶解样品,铬、镍、锰、铜、钛、铝的分析谱线分别为283.563,231.604,259.373,324.754,334.941,308.215 nm。铬、镍、锰、铜、钛、铝的质量浓度与其信号强度均呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数均不小于0.999,检出限分别为0.007,0.009,0.002,0.007,0.002,0.008μg/mL。测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.17%～2.80%(n=6),加标回收率为96.50%～103.70%。用该法测定国家标准物质,测定值与标准值一致,相对误差为0.05%～3.03%。该方法准确、可靠,可用于不锈钢中铬、镍、锰、铜、钛、铝的测定。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定不锈钢中的11种元素

建立电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定不锈钢中硅、锰、磷、铬、镍、钼、钴、钒、钛、铜、铝11种元素含量的方法。样品采用盐酸溶液溶解,硝酸氧化,在优化的实验条件下,用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定各元素含量。磷的质量浓度在0～5 mg/L范围内,钛、铝、钴的质量浓度在0～10 mg/L范围内,钒的质量浓度在0～15mg/L范围内,铜、硅、钼的质量浓度在0～20 mg/L范围内,锰的质量浓度在0～50 mg/L范围内,镍的质量浓度在0～80 mg/L范围内,铬的质量浓度在0～100 mg/L范围内与光谱强度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.998,方法检出限为0.002～0.035 mg/L。测定结果的相对标准偏差均小于2%(n=6),加标回收率为97.9%～105.6%.该方法快速、准确,适用于实际生产中不锈钢样品的批量检测。     

直读光谱法测定高碳铬镍合金钢中的12种元素

提出了直读光谱法测定高碳铬镍合金钢中碳、硅、锰、磷、硫、铬、镍、铜、钼、钒、钛、铌等12种元素的含量。优化的试验条件如下:1吹氩时间为4s;2预积分时间为6s;3积分时间为5s。12种元素均在一定的质量分数范围内与其光谱强度呈线性关系。方法应用于标准样品(11X-15310)的定值分析,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=11)在0.17%~4.2%之间。应用此方法分析了3种标准样品(95-021-4、C1290和YSBC11017-2003),测定值与认定值相符。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定新研制土壤标准物质中11种元素的含量北大核心CSCD

用粉末压样机将5.0 g经105℃烘干的样品制成样片,采用X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)测定其中铅、砷、铜、锌、铬、镍、钴、钒、锰、锡和钼等11种元素的含量。以经验系数法和康普顿散射内标法校正基体效应和谱线重叠干扰,选择65种土壤、沉积物及岩石国家标准物质用于绘制校准曲线。结果显示,11种元素的质量分数在一定范围内与其对应的荧光强度呈线性关系,检出限(3s)为1.0~3.9μg·g^(-1),测定值的相对标准偏差(n=10)为0.64%~9.2%。对新研制的30个农用地土壤成分标准物质进行测定,按照HJ 780-2015的质量控制标准评估各元素的测定准确度,结果表明:铅、铜、锌、铬、镍、钒、锰的测定合格率均为100%,说明XRF可用于土壤中这7种元素的测定;钴的测定合格率为93.3%,这是由于样品中高含量铁的影响;砷的测定合格率为80.0%,当砷的质量分数小于13μg·g^(-1)时准确度较差;锡、钼的测定合格率不足50.0%,因此不建议用XRF测定土壤中锡和钼的含量。     

高铬合金铸铁中铬、铜、钼、镍、锰的快速联合测定

耐磨高铬合金铸铁以其良好的耐磨、耐蚀及耐热性能，得到了广泛应用。因该类样品不易溶解，单个元素分析难以满足快速分析的需要。本文在文献的基础上，采用王水溶解、硫一磷混酸高温下滴加硝酸氧化发烟以破坏碳化物。控制试验条件，对其中的铬、铜、镍、钼、锰采用联合测定，减少了重复操作，提高了分析速度。本方法应用于耐磨高铬合金铸铁中铬、铜、钼、镍、锰的联合测定，结果满意。     

Determination of adrenolytic drugs by SPME–LC–MS

Five adrenolytic drugs have been analyzed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). Samples were prepared by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) using polypyrrole fibers coated on stainless steel support as an adsorbent for the drugs. Adsorption efficiencies were 95% and were close for all the drugs investigated. Relative standard deviations (RSD), calculated for samples prepared in standard solutions, were in the range 2.5–13%, however RSD values for the drugs in human plasma were 2.5–4.5%. Using LC–MS the limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were in the ranges 0.11–0.18 and 0.39–0.54 ng mL⁻¹, respectively, for the five drugs.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定铜基低银焊料中的银、磷和锡

采用王水消解铜基低银焊料样品,选择Ag 328.0 nm、P 178.2 nm、Sn 189.9 nm作为分析线,建立了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)同时测定铜基低银焊料中银、磷和锡元素的分析方法.在选定的试验条件下,方法检出限为0.002 4%~0.004 8%(质量分数),各元素校准曲线线性相关系数均大于0.999 5.按照试验方法测定样品,加标回收率为95%~103%,测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=10)均小于5%.     

Headspace solid-phase microextraction of menthol using a sol–gel titania-based coating along with multiwalled carbon nanotubes on the surface of stainless steel fiber

Sol–gel coating technology for the preparation of solid-phase microextraction fibers involves a single-step procedure and allows for in situ creation of chemically bonded coatings which are characterized by high thermal and solvent stabilities. A novel titania sol–gel coating was prepared for the first time on a stainless steel fiber and applied for the headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) of menthol with gas chromatography and flame ionization detection. Important parameters influencing the efficiency of SPME process, such as extraction time, extraction temperature and ionic strength, were optimized by central composite design. An extraction time of 40 min at 60 °C gave maximum extraction efficiency, when NaCl (10% w/v) was added to the aqueous sample. The analytical characteristics of the proposed method were comparable with other reported fibers. Under optimized conditions, the linearity was between 0.05 and 100 µg mL^??1. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) determined at 0.5 µg mL^??1 concentration level (n?=?5) were as follows: intra-day RSD 7.26%; inter-day RSD 10.87%; fiber-to-fiber RSD 9.05%. The relative recoveries determined after spiking a mint distillate sample at three concentration levels from 0.067 to 50.0 µg mL^??1 varied from 86 to 102%. The proposed method was successfully applied for the analysis of menthol in peppermint samples.     

Improving quantitative gas chromatography-electron ionization mass spectrometry results using a modified ion source: demonstration for a pharmaceutical application

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is a well established analytical technique. However, mass spectrometers with electron ionization sources may suffer from signal drifts, hereby negatively influencing quantitative performance. To demonstrate this phenomenon for a real application, a static headspace-gas chromatography method in combination with electron ionization-quadrupole mass spectrometry was optimized for the determination of residual dichloromethane in coronary stent coatings. Validating the method, the quantitative performance of an original stainless steel ion source was compared to that of a modified ion source. Ion source modification included the application of a gold coating on the repeller and exit plate. Several validation aspects such as limit of detection, limit of quantification, linearity and precision were evaluated using both ion sources. It was found that, as expected, the stainless steel ion source suffered from signal drift. As a consequence, non-linearity and high RSD values for repeated analyses were obtained. An additional experiment was performed to check whether an internal standard compound would lead to better results. It was found that the signal drift patterns of the analyte and internal standard were different, consequently leading to high RSD values for the response factor. With the modified ion source however, a more stable signal was observed resulting in acceptable linearity and precision. Moreover, it was also found that sensitivity improved compared to the stainless steel ion source. Finally, the optimized method with the modified ion source was applied to determine residual dichloromethane in the coating of coronary stents. The solvent was detected but found to be below the limit of quantification.     

Inexpensive FIA method to determine trace levels of imazapyr by UV-detection enhanced with electrochemical polarization

A new flow injection analysis method with spectro-electrochemical detection (FIA/SEC) to determine trace levels of imazapyr on water samples is presented. The non-chromatographic method involves the use of a bench photometer, a single-potential potentiostat, a low pressure pumping system and a home-made spectro-electrochemical flow detector (SEC-FD), specifically adapted for the described method and using a stainless steel/electrolytic lead/lead chloride (SS/e-Pb/PbCl₂) working electrode. The limit of quantification (LOQ) reached for the optimized work parameters was 0.02 µg/mL, the relative standard deviation (RSD) in the whole range of linear response was less than 2% and a wide linear response range from 0.005 to 6.0 µg/mL was obtained. A standard addition method was used to determine the imazapyr amount in natural waters containing commercial formulation of such herbicide, the Recovery % has values close to 105%. The method performance makes it suitable to analyze the legal imazapyr tolerances established by the U.S. EPA avoiding the use of expensive chromatographic equipments and/or complicated sample preparations.     

An Electropolymerized Pyrrole‐based Coating for Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction of Btex from Water Followed by Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry

A stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) technique was developed by the use of polypyrrole (PPy) sorbent, electropolymerized on the surface of a rod, as a possible alternative to solid‐phase microextraction (SPME). Liquid desorption was subsequently employed to transfer the extracted analytes into the injection port of a gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). The PPy sorbent including polypyrrole‐dodecyl sulfate (PPy‐DS) was deposited on the surface of a stainless steel rod from the corresponding aqueous electrolyte by applying a constant deposition potential. The developed method was applied to the trace level extraction of BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o,p‐xylene) from aqueous sample. Optimization of influential experimental conditions including the voltage of power supply, the time of PPy electrodeposition, the extraction temperature, the ionic strength and the extraction time were also investigated. The detection limits of the method under optimized conditions were in the range of 0.01–0.1 ng·mL?¹. The relative standard deviations (RSD) at a concentration level of 1 ng·mL?¹ were obtained between 8% and 13% (n=6). The calibration curves of BTEX showed linearity in the range of 0.03 to 600 ng·mL?¹. The proposed method was successfully applied to the extraction of some selected BTEX from river water samples and the relative recoveries were higher than 90% for all the analytes.     

Residue determination of glyphosate, glufosinate and aminomethylphosphonic acid in water and soil samples by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray tandem mass spectrometry

This paper describes a method for the sensitive and selective determination of glyphosate, glufosinate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) residues in water and soil samples. The method involves a derivatization step with 9-fluorenylmethylchloroformate (FMOC) in borate buffer and detection based on liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). In the case of water samples a volume of 10 mL was derivatized and then 4.3 mL of the derivatized mixture was directly injected in an on-line solid phase extraction (SPE)-LC-MS/MS system using an OASIS HLB cartridge column and a Discovery chromatographic column. Soil samples were firstly extracted with potassium hydroxide. After that, the aqueous extract was 10-fold diluted with water and 2 mL were derivatized. Then, 50 microL of the derivatized 10-fold diluted extract were injected into the LC-MS/MS system without pre-concentration into the SPE cartridge. The method has been validated in both ground and surface water by recovery studies with samples spiked at 50 and 500 ng/L, and also in soil samples, spiked at 0.05 and 0.5 mg/kg. In water samples, the mean recovery values ranged from 89 to 106% for glyphosate (RSD <9%), from 97 to 116% for AMPA (RSD < 10%), and from 72 to 88% in the case of glufosinate (RSD < 12%). Regarding soil samples, the mean recovery values ranged from 90 to 92% for glyphosate (RSD <7%), from 88 to 89% for AMPA (RSD <5%) and from 83 to 86% for glufosinate (RSD <6%). Limits of quantification for all the three compounds were 50 ng/L and 0.05 mg/kg in water and soil, respectively, with limits of detection as low as 5 ng/L, in water, and 5 microg/kg, in soil. The use of labelled glyphosate as internal standard allowed improving the recovery and precision for glyphosate and AMPA, while it was not efficient for glufosinate, that was quantified by external standards calibration. The method developed has been applied to the determination of these compounds in real water and soil samples from different areas. All the detections were confirmed by acquiring two transitions for each compound.     

Fast and direct screening of polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated sand using a miniaturized membrane inlet mass spectrometer (mini-MIMS)

A miniaturized membrane inlet mass spectrometer (mini-MIMS; total weight 10 kg everything included) was equipped with a small sample cell using a flat sheet silicone membrane mounted close to the ionizing region of a multipole mass spectrometer. Spiked sand samples were placed in small stainless steel vials and dropped into the heated sample cell (>150 degrees C). A hole in the vial in front of the membrane and above the sand made it possible for the polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) residuals to penetrate the membrane and enter the mass spectrometer as they evaporated from the sample. Using this simple setup we were able to quantitatively (approximately 10% relative standard deviation (RSD)) detect PAHs with up to five aromatic rings and with detection limits in the low parts-per-million (ppm) range. The vial system solves one of the major difficulties in analysis of larger PAHs using a MIMS. Normally, analysis of PAHs with more than two rings is hampered by a long memory effect due to the sticking of the PAHs to the inlet system, the membrane and surfaces in the vacuum system. By removing the vial from the sample cell within 2 min, we were able to analyze samples at 5-10 min intervals. The preliminary laboratory experiments presented here show much promise with respect to the development of a hand held (<10 kg) on-site mass spectrometry system for PAH screening at contaminated sites.     

Evaluation of an analytical method for determining phthalate esters in wine samples by solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography coupled with ion-trap mass spectrometer detector

A solid-phase extraction (SPE) method was developed for extraction and analysis of six phthalate esters in wine samples using Carbograph 1 sorbent. The SPE procedure allowed efficient recovery of the investigated phthalates ranging between 78% and 105% with a relative standard deviation (RSD) ≤6.5 for an ethanolic phthalic acid ester (PAE) standard solution and between 73–71% and 96–99% with a RSD ≤8.4 for red wine samples spiked with 20 and 50 ng mL⁻¹ of PAE, respectively. The adsorption isotherms and breakthrough curves for Carbograph 1/water solution were reported. Gas chromatography coupled with an ion-trap mass spectrometer detector (GC/IT-MS) was used for analysis. The instrumental analytical protocol was found to yield a linear calibration in the range 0.01-10.0 μg mL⁻¹ with R ² values ≥0.9992. The limits of detection in GC/IT-MS (SIM mode) vary between 0.2 and 14 ng mL⁻¹ (RSD ≤5.6) whereas the limits of quantification range between 0.5 and 25 ng mL⁻¹ (RSD ≤5.9); the intra- and inter-day repeatabilities calculated as RSD for wine samples, were between 0.9–7.8 and 1.0–10.5, respectively. The analytical method developed was applied to several commercial wine samples. Furthermore, the investigated methods are simple, reliable, reproducible, and not expensive.