薄层色谱-火焰离子检测技术在重质油族组成分析中的应用

报道了ＴＬＣ－ＦＩＤ技术在重质油族组成分析中的应用。在本文提供的方法下,可对重质油中族组成（饱和烃,芳香烃写,胶质等）进行有效分离和检测。方法的重复性优于经典柱色谱。该技术居有快速,准确,样品及溶剂用量少等特点。在给定试验条件下,原油的种类和实际点样量不影响ＦＩＤ的响应值。     

多环芳烃的超临界流体色谱分离研究

烃中多环芳烃（晕苯和卵苯）的分离是极其困难的。研究了在不同极性毛细管填充ＳＦＣ柱上多环芳烃的分离条件。选用国产１５０ｍｍＣＮ填充柱,ＣＯ＿２为流动相,线性升压,ＦＩＤ检测,可在２６ｍｉｎ内将烃中三到十环多环芳烃分离,定量重复性良好。     

高效可逆吸附测定含烯汽油族组成的气相色谱法研究

在研制成功高效烯烃可逆吸附剂ＡＤ－１的基础上,开发了一套适于日常分析的高稳定性专用ＳＯＡ分析系统和相应的分析方法。分析样品时,样品先进入极性分析柱（ＣＯＬ．１）,芳烃留在柱中,烯烃与烷烃继续进入可逆吸附柱（ＣＯＬ．２）。烯烃被吸附,烷烃进入检测器,待饱和烃全部流出后,切换十通阀反吹芳烃,待芳烃完全流出后再将十通阀切换回进样状态,同时将吸附柱升温至２００℃,使烯烃脱附出来,利用积分仪以面积归一法计算出样品中的饱和烃（Ｓ）、芳烃（Ａ）及烯烃（Ｏ）的含量。至此完成一次样品分析。     

TWO NEW C_(19)-DITERPENE ALKALOIDS FROM DELPHINIUM SWINANENSE VAR LEPTOPOGON

ＴＷＯ　ＮＥＷ　Ｃ＿（１９）－ＤＩＴＥＲＰＥＮＥ　ＡＬＫＡＬＯＩＤＳ　ＦＲＯＭ　ＤＥＬＰＨＩＮＩＵＭ　ＳＷＩＮＡＮＥＮＳＥ　ＶＡＲ　ＬＥＰＴＯＰＯＧＯＮＴＷＯＮＥＷＣ＿（１９）－ＤＩＴＥＲＰＥＮＥＡＬＫＡＬＯＩＤＳＦＲＯＭＤＥＬＰＨＩＮＩＵＭＳＷＩＮ...     

硝酸银高效液相色谱法快速测定柴油馏分的族组成

柴油馏分族组成的测定以往多用柱色谱法,不仅分析流程长,并需消耗大量的溶剂和吸附剂。另一缺点是反映柴油使用性能的重要组分——烯烃混在饱和烃中不能分离测定。本工作用高效液相色谱法,以涂渍20％AgNO_3的硅胶柱和μ—porasil柱组成双柱系统,正己烷为流动相,用示差折光和紫外吸收检测器,快速测定了柴油馏分的族组成。在AgNO_3硅胶柱上考察了不同的AgNO_3涂复量、活化温度及活化时间对分离柴油中烯烃的影响,选择了对柴油馏分进行族组成测定所适宜的色谱条件。用常规柱色谱法分离柴油所得的饱和烃、芳烃以及蜡裂解柴油烯烃(含烯烃80％左右),经AgNO_3硅胶柱制备分离收集而得的纯饱和烃和烯烃分别作为标样,在相同的液体色     

RUTHENIUM COORDINATION COMPOUNDS WITH POLYPYRIDINES V．DNA－BINDING STUDIES OF Ru（Ⅱ）COORDINATION COMPOUNDS WITH（2－PHENYL－）IMIDAZO［f］1，10－PHENANTHROLINE

ＲＵＴＨＥＮＩＵＭＣＯＯＲＤＩＮＡＴＩＯＮＣＯＭＰＯＵＮＤＳＷＩＴＨＰＯＬＹＰＹＲＩＤＩＮＥＳＶ．ＤＮＡ－ＢＩＮＤＩＮＧＳＴＵＤＩＥＳＯＦＲｕ（Ⅱ）ＣＯＯＲＤＩＮＡＴＩＯＮＣＯＭＰＯＵＮＤＳＷＩＴＨ（２－ＰＨＥＮＹＬ－）ＩＭＩＤＡＺＯ［ｆ］１，１０－...     

气相色谱法测定间甲基二苯醚中的氯苯和间甲酚含量

用气相色谱法测定了间甲基二苯醚中的微量氯苯和间甲酚。实验条件：玻璃柱内填４％ＳＥ－３０＋０．２％ＰＥＧ２０Ｍ／ＣｈｒｏｍｏｓｏｒｂＷＨＰ（６０～８０目）,柱温１５０℃,载气（Ｎ２）流速３５ｍＬ／ｍｉｎ,ＦＩＤ检测,以邻甲酚为内标定量。方法具有灵敏（０．１ｎｇ）、可靠、快速（＜２０ｍｉｎ）等特点。     

钨—镍—铁系重合金中粘结相的定量测定

通过对９３Ｗ－Ｎｉ－Ｆｅ－Ｃｏ（Ｍｎ）合金中粘结相和钨颗粒化学及电化学性质的研究，提出了一种定量提取Ｗ－Ｎｉ－Ｆｅ系重合金中粘结相的电解液，建立了定量测定其粘结相和钨颗粒组成及含量的方法。     

STUDY ON THE SORPTION BEHAVIOR OF N－METHYL－2－THIO－IMIDAZOLE RESIN FOR Rh（Ⅲ）AND SEPARATION OF Rh（Ⅲ）WITH COMMON METAL IONS BY USING MTIR

ＳＴＵＤＹＯＮＴＨＥＳＯＲＰＴＩＯＮＢＥＨＡＶＩＯＲＯＦＮ－ＭＥＴＨＹＬ－２－ＴＨＩＯ－ＩＭＩＤＡＺＯＬＥＲＥＳＩＮＦＯＲＲｈ（Ⅲ）ＡＮＤＳＥＰＡＲＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＲｈ（Ⅲ）ＷＩＴＨＣＯＭＭＯＮＭＥＴＡＬＩＯＮＳＢＹＵＳＩＮＧＭＴＩＲＣｈｅｎＹｉｙｏｎ...     

PRACTICAL METHOD FOR SYNTHESIS OF NEW GLYCOLIPIDS N－［4（DIALKYL－L－GLUTAMATECARBONYLETHYLCARBO－NYLAMINO）BUTYL］LACTOBIONAMIDES

ＰＲＡＣＴＩＣＡＬＭＥＴＨＯＤＦＯＲＳＹＮＴＨＥＳＩＳＯＦＮＥＷＧＬＹＣＯＬＩＰＩＤＳＮ－［４（ＤＩＡＬＫＹＬ－Ｌ－ＧＬＵＴＡＭＡＴＥＣＡＲＢＯＮＹＬＥＴＨＹＬＣＡＲＢＯ－ＮＹＬＡＭＩＮＯ）ＢＵＴＹＬ］ＬＡＣＴＯＢＩＯＮＡＭＩＤＥＳ￥ＺｈｏｎｇＺｈｉ...     

固相络合萃取脱除柴油中碱性氮化物的工艺及模型研究

应用自行合成的分离材料对固相络合萃取脱除柴油中碱性氮化合物进行了研究。测定了不同条件下柴油在合成树脂柱中的穿透曲线和洗脱曲线,实验测得动态吸附容量达到了7.85mg/gwetresin,碱性氮的脱除率达到了91%。表明本法具有树脂吸附容量大,碱性氮或收率高的特点;同时利用二阶动力学推动力模型描述固定床动态过程,考察了轴向返混对穿透曲线的影响,模型计算值与实验数据符合较好。     

Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography using a high-temperature phosphonium ionic liquid column

A high-temperature ionic liquid, trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonamide, was used as the primary column stationary phase for comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC). The ionic liquid (IL) column was coupled to a 5% diphenyl/95% dimethyl polysiloxane (HP-5) secondary column. The retention characteristics of the IL column were compared to polyethylene glycol (DB-Wax) and 50% phenyl/50% methyl polysiloxane (HP-50+). A series of homologous compounds that included hydrocarbons, oxygenated organics, and halogenated alkanes were analyzed with each column combination. This comparison showed that the ionic liquid is less polar than DB-Wax but more polar than HP-50+. The most unique feature of the IL × HP-5 column combination is that alkanes, cyclic alkanes, and alkenes eluted in a narrow band in the GC × GC chromatogram; whereas, these compounds occupied a much larger portion of the DB-Wax × HP-5 and the HP-50+ × HP-5 chromatograms. Each column combination was used to analyze diesel fuel. The IL × HP-5 chromatogram displayed narrow bands for three major compound classes in diesel fuel: saturates, monoaromatics, and diaromatics. The IL column was used at temperatures as high as 290 °C for several months without any noticeable changes in column performance.     

Identification and quantification of diesel fuel components derived from off-shore drilling operation discharges

A GC/MS technique that provides quantitative and qualitative information on diesel fuel components in drilling muds is described. Several low molecular mass aromatic components of diesel fuel are identified as indicators of diesel fuel. The presence and relative concentration of these indicators is used to identify diesel fuel contamination. This information can be used to approximate the amount of diesel fuel contamination in off-shore drilling discharges.     

Simultaneous gas chromatographic determination of methanol and free glycerol in biodiesel

Summary The methanol and free glycerol content of vegetable oil methyl esters used as diesel fuel (biodiesel) is very important in describing the quality of this fuel and is therefore limited by specifications. A previously described GLC method for the determination of free glycerol in biodiesel has been further developed and also allows the simultaneous determination of methanol. Sample preparation includes dissolving in dimethylformamide, silylation with bis-trimethylsilyltrifluoracetamide (BSTFA) and separation on a methylsilicone fluid, coated-capillary column using either FID or MS-detection. Ethanol and 1,4-butanediol were used as internal standards. Both detection systems show sufficient sensitivity for concentrations relevant to biodiesel samples. The recovery was tested using a RME-sample containing known amounts of methanol and glycerol.     

Procedure for and results of simultaneous determination of aromatic hydrocarbons and fatty acid methyl esters in diesel fuels by high performance liquid chromatography

The content of aromatic hydrocarbons in diesel fuels is regulated by appropriate standards, and a further reduction in the allowed concentration of these hazardous substances in these fuels is expected. The content of aromatic hydrocarbons in diesel fuels is most often determined using standard methods EN-12916 or ASTM D-6591. The content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is determined from a single peak obtained using normal phase high-performance liquid chromatography (NP-HPLC), a column of the NH2 type, n-heptane as the eluent, refractive index detector (RID) and backflushing of the eluent. However, the methods mentioned above cannot be applied when the fuel contains fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), which lately has become more common. The content of FAME in diesel oils is determined using mid-IR spectrophotometry based on the absorption of carbonyl group. However, no standard procedure for the determination of classes of aromatic hydrocarbons in diesel fuels containing FAME is yet available. The present work describes such a modification of methods EN-12916/ASTM D-6591 that provides a simultaneous determination of individual groups of aromatic hydrocarbons, total content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and the FAME content in diesel fuels. The refractive index detector (RID) and n-heptane as the mobile phase are still used, but backflushing of the eluent is applied after the elution of all polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Additionally, ultraviolet diode array detection is used for the exact determination of low contents of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and to confirm the presence of FAME in the analyzed fuel.     

Determination of 2-ethylhexyl nitrate in diesel fuel

The aim of this study was to develop and validate fast and easily applicable GC/MS assay for the quantification of the substance that increases cetane number in diesel fuel (2-ethylhexylnitrate, 2-EHN). These requirements were fulfilled best by a headspace GC-MS assay with negative chemical ionization with methane (HS-GC/MS). Chromatographic separation is achieved using a DB5-MS capillary column after the addition of known amount of internal standard (o-nitrotoluene). The limit of detection was 0.009% v/v for 2-EHN and the limit of quantification was 0.03% v/v. The HS-GC/MS method was applied for the quantification of cetane improver in spiked diesel fuel and real diesel fuel. The method is linear over the studied range (0.03-0.3%, v/v), with satisfactory intra- and inter-assay precision, and the relative standard deviations are lower than 10%. Good accuracy is achieved with bias <10% at all levels tested.     

Quantification of trace fatty acid methyl esters in diesel fuel by using multidimensional gas chromatography with electron and chemical ionization mass spectrometry

Measurement of contamination of marine and naval diesel fuels (arising from product mixing or adulteration) with biodiesel or fatty acid methyl esters can be problematic, especially at very low levels. A suitable solution for this task for trace amounts of individual fatty acid methyl esters with resolution and quantification can be achieved by using a multidimensional gas chromatographic approach with electron and chemical ionization mass spectrometric detection. A unique column set comprising a 100 m methyl‐siloxane nonpolar first dimension column and high‐temperature ionic liquid column in the second dimension enabled identification of individual fatty acid methyl esters at below the lowest concentrations required to be reported in a diesel fuel matrix. Detection limits for individual fatty acid methyl esters compounds ranged from 0.5 to 5.0 mg/L, with excellent linearity up to 5000 mg/L and repeatability of the method from 1.3 to 3.2%. The method was applied to the analysis of diesel fuel samples with suspected biodiesel contamination. Contamination at 568 mg/L was calculated for an unknown sample and interpretation of the results permitted the determination of a likely source of the contamination.     

F-T柴油在直喷式柴油机中燃烧与排放特性的研究

煤通过Fischer-Tropsch (F-T)合成可得到十六烷值高、硫和芳香烃质量分数极低的F-T柴油。研究分析了未作改动的单缸直喷式柴油机燃用F-T柴油时的燃烧和排放特性。结果表明，与燃用0号柴油相比，燃用F-T柴油时的滞燃期平均缩短18.7%，预混燃烧放热峰值降低26.8%，扩散燃烧放热峰值较高，燃烧持续期相当。燃用F-T柴油时的最高燃烧压力略低，最大压力升高率显著下降，机械损失和燃烧噪音较小，燃油消耗率和热效率都得到显著改善。燃用F-T柴油可同时降低CO、HC、NOx和炭烟排放，其中NOx和炭烟分别平均降低16.7%和40.3%。研究表明，F-T柴油是柴油机良好的清洁代用燃料。     

玉米芯快速热解油特性研究

利用层析法对玉米芯快速热解油进行分析。结果表明,裂解温度对热解油产率及其族馏分构成的影响很大。通过气相色谱(GC)分析表明,脂肪族馏分碳数分布主要在C12~34,在烷烃碳数分布上,脂肪族馏分与柴油相当。并利用傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)分析了600℃下得到的热解油特征,表明玉米芯快速热解油作为燃料和高品位化学品原料来源具有潜在的发展前景。     

Comparison of titania, zirconia, and silica stationary phases for separating diesel fuels according to hydrocarbon group-type by supercritical fluid chromatography

Silica, zirconia, and titania columns were compared for their ability to separate diesel samples into saturates, mono-, di-, tri-, and polyaromatics by supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) using pure CO(2) according to ASTM method D 5186-03. A titania column coupled in series to a silica column was found to provide the highest overall group-type resolutions based on 20 model compounds, with resolutions as high as 14.7 for saturates versus monoaromatics and 11.9 for monoaromatics versus diaromatics. An oilsands-derived Synfuel light diesel, a commercial Ontario diesel, and a heavy Shell Canada Ltd. diesel blending feedstock were studied on a titania-silica coupled column as well as on a conventional silica column. The Synfuel results were similar (within 0.5 mass%) on both the conventional bare silica column and the titania-silica coupled column. The heavier commercial diesel and diesel blending feedstock samples yielded different results on the titania-silica coupled column compared to the silica column alone, demonstrating the importance of achieving the highest possible resolutions when baseline separation of group-types is not obtained.