Determination of234U/238U and235U/238U ratios from commercially available uranium compounds by α-spectrometry

The²³⁴U/²³⁸U and²³⁵U/²³⁸U ratios from uranium compounds by -spectrometry technique have been obtained. Ten commercially available uranium reagents were analyzed. The well-separated peaks corresponding to uranium isotopes are evident, providing an energy spectrum of the -particles of uranium isotopes. It was found that some commerical uranium salts were depleted in²³⁴U and²³⁵U.     

Why are hexavalent uranium cyanides rare while U–F and U–O bonds are common and short?

Relativistic small-core pseudopotential B3LYP and CCSD(T) calculations and frozen-core PW91–PW91 studies are reported for the series UF ₄X ₂ ( X=H, F, Cl, CN, NC, NCO, OCN, NCS and SCN). The bonding in UF ₆ is analyzed and found to have some multiple-bond character, approaching at a theoretical limit a bond order of 1.5. In addition to these s and p orbital interactions, the electrostatic attraction is important. Evidence for p bonding in the other systems studied was also found. The triatomic pseudohalides as well as fluorine and chlorine are in this sense better ligands than cyanide. The –CN group is a s donor and p acceptor, as uranium itself, and hence is unfit to bond to U(VI). The s-bonded UH ₆ is octahedral.     

激光诱导击穿光谱对U元素的定量分析

铀矿是核领域最重要的矿产资源之一，快速、有效勘探铀矿资源能促进核领域平稳、健康发展。激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)技术具备多目标元素现场快速检测的优点，能实现铀矿资源准确、快速的现场分析。本工作基于LIBS技术对铀矿中U元素进行了定量分析，对比了偏最小二乘(PLS)和随机森林(RF)两种机器学习算法的定量效果。结果显示，RF模型的定量线性相关系数为0.996，对三个验证集的相对误差分别是22.33%、12.79%和12.04%；PLS模型的定量线性相关系数为0.997，对三个验证集的相对误差分别是4.33%、6.63%和6.85%。对比结果表明，本研究中的PLS模型定量准确度更高，同RF算法相比，PLS算法更适用于铀矿中U的LIBS定量分析。     

人工放射性核素236U的分析方法进展及其应用

铀-236是一种重要的人工放射性核素, 是三种天然铀同位素之外可以应用在环境示踪、核应急、核取证以及核保障中的一种铀同位素. 人工²³⁶U主要是由核燃料²³⁵U经过中子照射后吸收中子产生, 因此, 不同“年龄”阶段核燃料中的²³⁶U和其他同位素的比值(指纹特征)截然不同. 同时不同反应堆类型中相应指纹特征也不尽相同. 通过监测核燃料、可疑核材料以及环境样品中不同²³⁶U/²³⁸U、²³⁶U/²³⁵U同位素比值等指纹特征即可确认反应堆运行状况、追溯核材料来源出处, 甚至可以开展放射性核污染物在环境中的迁移模拟等问题. 铀-236属于低丰度同位素, 其在核样品和环境样品中含量极低, 因此, 精确测定其同位素比值对²³⁶U在环境示踪、核应急、核取证以及核保障中的应用尤为重要. 本综述中, 作者总结了近年来痕量²³⁶U测定时样品前处理和检测分析技术的发展, 尤其着重于²³⁶U同位素比值的质谱检测技术的发展, 以及²³⁶U在核保障和环境中的示踪应用的研究进展. 最后, 对痕量²³⁶U检测和应用方面的研究提出展望.     

The Radionuclides 234U, 238U and 210Po in Drinking Water in Gdańsk Agglomeration (Poland)

Consumption of natural water (public and bottled) is very important for people from a radiological point of view. Uranium and polonium alpha-emitters belong to the most radiotoxic elements for human. In the paper, a study of the radioactive content of drinking (public) water in Gdask agglomeration (Poland) was carried out. ²³⁸U, ²³⁴U and ²¹⁰Po activity concentrations were determined by alpha-spectrometry with low-level-activity silicon detectors. The results revealed that the mean concentration of ²³⁸U, ²³⁴U and ²¹⁰Po in analyzed water sample were 2.76, 2.86 and 0.48 mBq·dm^–3, respectively. Finally, effective does due to uranium and polonium emissions were calculated for drinking water samples for the inhabitants of the agglomeration.     

SAR—The U.S. Regulatory Perspective

Abstract

Structure-Activity Relationships (SAR) have been used for over a decade by the U.S. EPA's Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics (OPPT) in their new chemicals program. The development and use of SAR resulted from the need to make rapid risk-based decisions on thousands of new chemicals per year while seldom receiving data on chemical properties, potential exposures, or hazards to humans or organisms in the environment. Qualitative SAR and quantitative SAR methods (QSAR) have been used to fill some of these data gaps by estimating the potential properties and hazards of such chemicals. SAR has been used to assess chemical hazards, identify testing needs, and set priorities. Validation of these SAR assessment tools is an ongoing process.     

New gamma rays following the233U α-decay

²³³U -decay was reinvestigated using a radiochemically purified source and high efficiency HPGe coaxial detectors; the lowenergy -spectrum was also measured using a LEPS detector. The energy and intensity values of one hundred sixty three -lines were determined, from which forty eight are newly reported with respect to the last study of Canty et al. A revised²²⁹Th level scheme was built, using the Ritz combination principle, in which nine levels are newly observed, at 371.3, 381.8, 465.5, 569.2, 584.9, 605.1, 620.8, 656.9 and 749.9 keV.     

Unitary group tensor operator algebras for many-electron systems. III. Matrix elements in U(n 1 +n 2) ⊃ U(n 1) × U(n 2) partitioned basis

Exploiting our earlier results [J. Math. Chem. 4 (1990) 295–353 and 13 (1993) 273–316] on the unitary group U(n) Racah-Wigner algebra, specifically designed for quantum chemical calculations of molecular electronic structure, and the related tensor operator formalism that enabled us to introduce spin-free orbital equivalents of the second quantization-like creation and annihilation operators as well as higher rank symmetric, antisymmetric and adjoint tensors, we consider the problem of U(n) basis partitioning that is required for group-function type approaches to the many-electron problem. Using the U(n) U(n ₁) × U(n ₂),n =n ₁ +n ₂ adapted basis, we evaluate all required matrix elements of U(n) generators and their products that arise in one- and two-body components of non-relativistic electronic Hamiltonians. The formalism employed naturally leads to a segmented form of these matrix elements, with many of the segments being identical to those of the standard unitary group approach. Relationship with similar approaches described earlier is briefly pointed out.     

用U型管电解氯化铜溶液实验的系统研究

对以碳棒作电极,用U型管电解氯化铜溶液实验进行了系统的理论研究和实验研究,分析了实验过程产生的主要现象,提出了课堂演示实验成功的关键     

Total Synthesis of Sculponin U through a Photoinduced Radical Cascade Cyclization

We have accomplished the total synthesis of sculponin U, a polycyclic C-20-oxygenated kaurane diterpenoid featuring a 7,20-lactone-hemiketal bridge, through a radical cascade cyclization triggered by photoinduced electron transfer (PET) of a silyl enolate to form the cyclohexanone-fused bicyclo[3.2.1]octane skeleton. Other key points in our synthetic strategy encompass a Diels–Alder reaction to construct the middle six-membered ring of sculponin U, and an intramolecular radical cyclization induced by iron-catalyzed hydrogen atom transfer to close the western cyclohexane ring. Successful preparation of the enantiopure silyl enolate as the PET precursor enables the asymmetric total synthesis of sculponin U, opening a new avenue for divergent syntheses of structurally related C-20-oxygenated kaurane congeners and pharmaceutical derivatives thereof.     

Application of the 226Ra–230Th–234U and 227Ac–231Pa–235U radiochronometers to UF6 cylinders

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - Uranium-series radiometric dating was performed on two well-pedigreed UF6 cylinder samples containing highly enriched uranium that were in use at...     

Refinement of the α-U4O9 crystalline structure: new insight into the U4O9 → U3O8 transformation

The oxidation reaction of UO(2) into U(3)O(8) is studied as a function of the crystalline distortion of interstitial oxygen clusters, named cuboctahedra, which appear in U(4)O(9) and U(3)O(7) intermediate phases. For that purpose, the refinement of α-U(4)O(9) was performed because this phase undergoes a trigonal distortion from cubic β-U(4)O(9) when the temperature is decreased. In α-U(4)O(9), the cuboctahedra can be described as crumpled sheets taken from a fragment of U(3)O(8). The manner by which the accumulation of crumpled sheets can lead to the formation of U(3)O(8) is discussed.     

研究型教学的新方法——U型7步探究法

受私董会U型7步研讨法的启发，提出了可用于研究型教与学的一种新方法：U型7步探究法。"U型"即探究问题有一个先下沉寻找本质再使问题清晰的过程，躬问、探究等7步为具体操作流程，由教练引导，案主为主，全员受益。还以一次成功的运作实例对方法进行了详细说明。     

油页岩中U和Th分布及其赋存状态的研究

利用电感耦合等离子质谱对23个油页岩样品中U和Th含量进行测试,采用浮沉实验和逐级化学提取实验相结合分析了吉林桦甸和罗子沟油页岩样品中U和Th的赋存状态。研究表明,油页岩中铀的含量多小于10×10^-6,平均值为3.92×10^-6,油页岩中钍的含量多小于20×10^-6,平均值为10.51×10^-6。U和Th在油页岩中的丰度略高于在地壳中的丰度,与在沉积岩中的丰度较接近。浮沉实验结果和逐级化学提取结果相当。结果表明,油页岩中U和Th主要存在于无机矿物质中。     

U+与CO2气相反应的密度泛函理论研究

运用密度泛函理论(DFT)中的B3LYP方法,U原子用含相对论有效原子实势(ECP)校正的基组(SDD),C、O原子采用6-311+G(d)基组,对气相中U+和CO2的反应进行了理论研究.通过研究二重和四重自旋态的反应势能面(PESs),优化得到了两条反应路径的反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物的结构.用"两态反应"(TSR)分析反应机理,结果表明体系的优先选择路径为高自旋态进入和低自旋态离开反应,发生在四重态和二重态的自旋多重度的改变使得整个反应系统能以一个低能反应途径进行.     

不同尺寸ZIF-8对U(VI)的吸附性能

以经典的金属有机骨架(MOFs)材料ZIF-8为吸附剂,研究尺寸效应对铀吸附性能的影响。 通过3种方法合成不同粒径的ZIF-8,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、表面积与孔隙度分析仪等对其进行了表征,测试了相同条件下不同尺寸的ZIF-8对硝酸铀酰溶液中U(VI)吸附,分别对其吸附过程的动力学和吸附等温线进行了考察,并测试了材料的可重复利用性。 结果表明,成功制备了高结晶性、高纯度的ZIF-8,产物形貌呈菱形十二面体,颗粒均匀,粒径分别为约50 nm、150 nm及2 μm;3种ZIF-8具有单一均匀的微孔结构和与粒径高度相关的比表面积;不同尺寸的ZIF-8均能快速吸附溶液中的U(VI),在室温pH=3下,在70 min左右时即可吸附初始质量浓度为200 mg/L的U(VI)溶液中90%以上U(VI);其中较小尺寸(约50 nm)的ZIF-8吸附性能最好,单位质量ZIF-8吸附U(VI)的饱和吸附量达到520.26 mg/g;ZIF-8对U的吸附动力学上符合二级动力学方程,吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型,说明ZIF-8对U(VI)的捕获属于化学单层吸附;经过4个吸附-解吸循环后,3种尺寸的ZIF-8均依然保持了70%以上的去除率。     

用双波长薄层扫描仪作维生素U防湿颗粒的分析

本文用纸层析法以正丁醇-95%乙醇-甲酸-水(77:15:20:20)为展开剂,分离鉴定了维生素U防湿颗粒,并测量了各组分的R_f值。 将维生素U与其分解产物丝氨酸、甘氨酸等分离后,利用双波长薄层扫描仪与微型色谱数据处理机联用,以外标法及相对百分含量法测定含量。本法准确、灵敏、操作简便。